...TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE COLD WAR Turkey followed a “belligerence” policy from the start of II. World War in 1939 until the start of war in 1945. The purpose of that time managers of Turkey, protect it from the damage of the war. The end of the war with the options in front of us, pushing us to act together with the Western bloc. The formation of these preferences is not a decision for an instant multi-dimensional factors, factors were created by a process. Turkey’s prefer of Western side, did not lead to acceptance by the West sincerely. European members of NATO did not want to risk of war again because of Turkey who was under the Soviet threat at that time. At the same time, they were not willing to impart that the U.S. Marshall Aid to Turkey. Britain lost its efficiency in the Middle East as in all the world and for that reason Britain was put forward a project that "Commander of the Middle East" which Turkey will play a key role for gain efficiency again. Due to U.S. opposition to this prediction, this project got shelved.In the "Containment Policy" process which started with Truman Doctrine by U.S. against the Soviet Bloc, military and geo-strategic location of Turkey opened the door to NATO membership.With North Korea's attack on South Korea, the Korean War started in 1950-53 and the Turkey participating in United States’s side, this was resulting against all suspicies and prejudice, Turkey took place between NATO member countries.Russians wishes to change of...
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...THIMUN 2013 Researching your country SUDAN or TURKEY A/ IDENTITY 1. Insert a picture of the country’s flag: | 2. Geography a. Where is the country located? i. What continent? Anatolia (Western Asia), East Thrace (South-eastern Europe). ii. Bordering countries? Bulgaria, Greece, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Iraq and Syria. iii. Landlocked? Seas? Mediterranean Sea (South), Aegean Sea (West), Black Sea (North). b. What is the climate like? Temperate Mediterranean climate. 3. People and Culture a. Population? 75,627,384 b. Ethnicities and predominant religion? Turks (70-75%), Kurds (18%), Others (7-12%). Predominantly Islam. c. Are there any racial or ethnic issues? If so, what are they? None. d. How are women treated in your country? Women are treated as the same as men. 4. Government and Politics a. Leader? How long have they been in power for? Are they popular? Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Prime Minister since 2003, not popular. b. Current government system? Are there free elections? Parliamentary representative democracy, there are free elections. c. Stability or situation of the country’s political system today? Unstable political system, there have been violent protests in May and June. d. Any geo-political considerations? Syrian Civil War, Cyprus dispute. 5. Education a. What is the education system like? (i.e. literacy rates, girls education...
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...between Philippines and Japan. Turkey is bounded by the Aegean Sea on the west, on the northwest by the Sea of Marmara, Greece and Bulgaria and on the north by the Black Sea. Taiwan is available for air and sea transportation. There are five harbors and eighteen airports in Taiwan, two of which are international. At this point we think that the sea transportation is suitable for the transport of bulky goods like hybrid cars although it is the slowest shipping method for exporting goods. In addition, sea transportation is the most preferred transportation method according to air, road transport and railway because of the cheapest way. DIFFERENCES IN CLIMATES AND DISEASE ENVIRONMENTS In Taiwan there is no severe cold in winter and no cruel summer. Annual average temperature of Taiwan is 22 degrees Celsius. Weather conditions can fluctuate little during winter and spring but the weather is relatively stable in winter and autumns. As a disease environment, we can talk about a liver disease which is a common disease in Taiwan. A parasite Cryptocaryon which infect with raw or uncooked fish damages to liver so it is known for liver disease. Other diseases that can be seen in Taiwan are HIV/AIDS and hepatitis. Ultimately cardiovascular diseases which occurs results of air pollution can be seen in Taiwan. Typically, three climatic types can be seen in Turkey, black sea, Mediterranean and continental climate. However, generally climate of the Turkey can be defined as follow; hot and...
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...Country Analysis Economics Like many Eurasian states, Turkey struggles to find a balance between new capitalistic markets consuming its larger cities and the agricultural sector of its economy that still accounts for 25.5 percent of employment. Its influence in the global market has been slim; however, technology and automobile markets are growing significantly and have helped raise real GDP by over five percent per year. Turkey’s main priority is to maintain the stability of growth in GDP and reduction in inflation (“Turkey”). Since the 1980s, Turkey has struggled to reform its economic policy through the ups and downs of military coupes and competing government parties. Turgut Ozal, finance minister at the time, is responsible for Turkey’s economic reforms. Ozal focused on the reliance of market forces; he devalued the Turkish lira, reduced exchange rates, increased incentives for exports, increased the price of goods produced by public sector companies, and abolished price controls (Rivlin, 212). The policy was successful, driving down inflation and increasing GDP. By the mid-eighties, however, inflation rates skyrocketed due to outside spending that increased national debt, an increase in unemployment rates, and unstable trade agreements (213). Throughout the next decade, the rollercoaster of inflation and increased debt continued to plague Turkey’s economy. A 1989 reform allowed capital movements in and out of the country and high interest rates encouraged investment...
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...Republic of Turkey is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by eight countries and five main seas. Istabul is the largest city in Turkey, and Turkey’s capital is Ankara. About 48% of the population lives in the cities or towns. The rest lives in rural areas. Most of people in Turkey are Muslim, which are followers of Islami. Also, in this paper, the culture of Turkish, the life in Turkey such as health care system, transportation, and education system are also mentioned. The Turkey republican parliamentary democracy and the economy are discussed later in the paper. The last part is business etiquette talking about some important customs that business foreigner should know. Background Turkey, also known as the Republic of Turkey, is a land-bridge linking Europe and Asia. The history of Turkey encompasses, first, the history of Anatolia before the coming of the Turks and of the civilizations – Hittite, Thracian, Hellenistic, and Byzantine – of which Turkish nation is the heir by assimilation. Second, it includes the history of Turkish people including Seljuks, who brought Islam and Turkish language into Anatolia. Third, it is the history of the Ottoman Empire, a cosmopolitan – Islamic state that developed a small Turkish amirate in Anatolia. Finally, Turkey was established in 1923, after the fall of Ottoman Empire, under “Father Turk”. It is immediately started on a course of modernization in all walks of life (Turkey, 2011.) Turkey...
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...environment, and being Greek-American has played a significant role in my life. In addition, I happen to have a friend named Mehmet, who is from Turkey. But I never knew any information about Turkey until I found this country on a world map. That’s when I learned the following facts: Turkey is located in both Europe and Asia, and it shares a border with Greece. So when I started taking the course Geography of the Middle East at Old Dominion University, I decided to select Turkey for my research paper. Perry Library and Larchmont Library were excellent places for literary materials. I also consulted Internet sources and my class textbook as additional resources. Turkistan, a region in central Asia, is a Persian term which means “Turks’ land” or “land of the Turks”. The Young Ottoman Turks considered this name for their country before they decided on “Turkiye, an adaptation of the European name” Turkey (Lewis 333). Although “[t]he name Turkey has been given to…Anatolia…since its first conquest by the Turks in the eleventh century,” the Turks officially referred to their country as Turkey when it won its independence in 1923. (Lewis 1). Turkey’s relative geographical position distinguished it from most of the other countries of the world. It is situated on two continents: (southeastern) Europe and (southwestern) Asia. European Turkey, or Eastern Thrace, constitutes only 3 percent of the country’s land area, and “[t]he other 97 percent…is…in Asia and is called Anatolia...
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...Project Paper 5 Turkey Country and Research Areas Report Final Version, 2010-09-28 Responsible institution: Koç University University of Antwerp Authors: Deniz Karcı Korfalı Ayşen Üstübici Helene De Clerck With the collaboration of Ahmet İçduygu, Deniz Sert, Zeynep Özler and Chris Timmerman Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3 Country Background ............................................................................................................... 4 An Overview......................................................................................................................... 4 Geography in General ........................................................................................................ 4 Demography ...................................................................................................................... 6 Political Environment and Administration ........................................................................... 7 Economy ............................................................................................................................ 8 Health care......................................................................................................................... 9 Education ..........................................................................................................................10 Historical...
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...perceived a significant qualitative transformation in comparison with the foreign policy conducted during the Cold War, which is often described as passive and reactive. An assertive and multi-directional foreign policy was developed, and Turkey became much more active in its neighbourhood, establishing ties with the Caucasus and the Turkic Republics, participating in peacekeeping missions in the Balkans, promoting economic relations with Black Sea countries, increasing economic and political ties with the Middle East. However, a darker side of this activism in foreign policy was observed in the 1990s, when Ankara’s ready resort to the threat or the use of military force was particularly visible. Regular military incursions in Northern Iraq to crush PKK forces, threats against Syria, with troops amassed at the border in 1998, hard rhetoric during the Russian S-300 missiles crisis planned to be deployed in Cyprus in the same year are a few examples (Park 2005). In 1995, the Turkish Parliament announced that if Greece expanded its territorial waters from six to twelve miles, Turkey would go to war and war almost happened over islets in the Aegean Sea. In 1996, a former Turkish diplomat, Sukru Elekdag, published an article arguing that Turkey should be ready to fight two and a half wars (against Greece, Syria and the PKK) (Kirisci 2006). This primacy of security and the use of confrontational tools to solve foreign disputes seemed to have contributed to Turkey’s image as...
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...THE TURKISH REPUBLIC CAG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ECONOMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THE NEW ERA IN TURKISH FOREIG POLICY: A MULTI- DIMENSIONAL TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY Erhan KAYA SEMINARY THESIS ADVISER PROF. DR. ALI ENGIN OBA YENICE-MERSIN/2011 Approval of the Graduate School of Economic and Administrative Sciences ________________ Prof. Dr. Ali Engin Oba Adviser I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. ________________ Prof. Dr. Esat Arslan Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Esat Arslan ________________ Prof. Dr. Ali Engin Oba ________________ I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all materials and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Erhan Kaya Signature: I would like to thank Professor...
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...Course: Academic writing Semester: Fall 2014 Academic Paper EU EXPANSION: Accession of Turkey and its potential impact on the atmosphere within the EU Rauf Asadullayev Instructor: Christopher Weilage Munich, Germany, 2014 Table of contents 1.Introduction………………………………………….…………………………3 2. The Association agreement…………………………………………….……..4 3. The Ankara Agreement………………….…………………………………...6 4. Customs Union………………………………………………………………..7 5. Turkish government and the accession of Cyprus in the EU………………8 5.1 Turkey’s short term economic effect on the EU…………………………..9 5.2 Turkey’s territorial advantages for the EU……………………………….10 5.3 Religion and culture in Turkey…………………………………………….11 5.4 Food in Turkey and its safety- Security and the EU……...………………12 6. Impact of EU’s democratic standards to Turkey…………………………..13 7. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….16 Index of Abbreviations BTC- Baku Tbilisi Ceyhan EEC- European Economic Community EU-European Union EC- European Council EP- European Parliament FAO- Food and agriculture organization SEES-Southeastern European states Introduction Europe - the cradle of human civilization, boiling pot full of many various nationalities, cultures and languages. Geographical borders within and outside of the Europe have changed every time when a new Empires began to flourish. Even now, in the 21st century borders of EU are not defined clearly. Should the Borders be...
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...Turkish and Kurdish Fertility in Turkey: New Statistical Evidence for Convergence Word Count: 3,528 Number of Tables: 5 Number of Figures: 4 Running Head: Turkish and Kurdish Fertility in Turkey Abstract The purpose of this quantitative study was to present and discuss statistical evidence for the convergence of Turkish and Kurdish fertility rates in the Republic of Turkey. Linear regression and other statistical methods were utilized in order to illustrate convergence, which was theorized as (a) resulting from the delayed exposure of Turkey’s Kurds to the dynamics of modernization and (b) providing compelling evidence against the claim that Turks and Kurds belong to fundamentally different demographic regimes. One important form of divergence between these populations—bride’s age at first marriage—was acknowledged and related to a potential change in sexual economics among Turkish Kurds. Keywords: Turkish fertility; Kurdish fertility; Turkish fertility transition Turkish and Kurdish Fertility in Turkey: New Statistical Evidence for Convergence Introduction Although the overall fertility rate for Turkey has declined precipitously as part of the country’s demographic transition, perhaps the earliest in the Muslim Middle East (Angin & Shorter, 1998), there is a well-documented disparity between the fertility rates of ethnic Turkish and ethnic Kurdish women in Turkey (Işık & Pınarcıoğlu, 2006; Yüceşahin...
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...THE ALEVI COMMUNITY IN TURKEY AFTER 1980: AN EVALUATION OF POLITICAL GROUP BOUNDARIES IN THE CONTEXT OF ETHNICITY THEORIES A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF THE MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ALİ MURAT İRAT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION APRIL 2006 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Prof. Dr. Feride Acar Head of Department This is to certify that we read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pınar Akçalı Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Ayşe Ayata Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pınar Akçalı Assist. Prof. Dr. Aykan Erdemir (METU-ADM) (METU-ADM) (METU-SOC) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Ali Murat İrat Signature : iii ABSTRACT THE ALEVI COMMUNITY IN TURKEY AFTER 1980: AN EVALUATION OF POLITICAL GROUP BOUNDARIES IN THE CONTEXT OF ETHNICITY THEORIES ...
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...exclusively populated by denizens whose ethnic identification is classified as Greek. The northern third of the island, occupied by self-avowed Turkish Cypriots, recognizes itself as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The only other country in the world that recognizes the TRNC is Turkey, while the Republic of Cyprus is recognized internationally. While the international community recognizes the Republic of Cyprus as having jurisdiction over the island as a whole, in fact the Republic’s authority stops at the green line, a fact which has led at a number of confusing international issues, including Cyprus’ and Turkey’s EU accession bids. The Beginnings of Cypriot History Cyprus is an island state that has only recently achieved sovereignty. Inhabited for well over two thousand years, it has a four hundred year colonial history of shared culture, language, and mores between the Turkish and Greek Cypriots that populate its scenic mountains, plains, and beaches. These shared mores and sense of culture will prove essential to my discussion of how to best address the current conflict between Greek and Turkish Cypriots. The island’s strategic location approximately 40 miles south of Turkey and 400 miles east of Greece in the Eastern Mediterranean, at the crossroads of three continents, coupled with its expansive coastline and small size (approximately 3,572 square miles), has historically made it an...
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...GEO 210 – CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY – 40H “People & the Land: Introduction to Cultural Geography” TNCC – FALL 2012 Instructor: Larry Snider – Phone: (757) 850-4912 E-mail: sniderl@tncc.edu (school); Skimmerva@aol.com (home) Office Hours: 4:30-5:30 p.m. M (Rm 947 Templin Hall), 6-7 p.m. T (Rm 131A Diggs Hall), 5:00-5:30 p.m. W (Rm 947 Templin Hall) and by appointment INTRODUCTION COURSE DESCRIPTION: (from VCCS Master Course file): Focuses on the relationship between culture and geography. Presents a survey of modern demographics, landscape modification, material and non-material culture, language, race and ethnicity, religion, politics, and economic activities. Introduces the student to types and uses of maps. COURSE CONTENT: Cultural geography entails the study of spatial variations among cultural groups and the spatial functioning of society. The course provides an introduction to the manner in which humans have modified the world, emphasizing patterns of migration, livelihoods of man, and environments in which these modifications have taken place and continue to occur. It focuses on describing and analyzing the ways population, religion, language, ethnicity and race, political factors, economy, agriculture, industry, the urban setting, and other cultural phenomena vary or remain constant from one place to another. The framework of geographic location of significant countries, regions, and physical features is also addressed in order to provide the necessary...
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...published report and company long term strategy from annual report. I suggest for company has to invest into countries ensuring demand in the future and developing. As well it is important to evaluate possibility to expand further in terms of country development in size and going to other regions. X is mostly acting in Europe and I think that company has to search for investment opportunities inside Europe. Turkey is as important as the BRIC countries in terms of its vast potentials and I have selected Turkey as country to invest. X can use Turkey in three selected directions: 1. Market with huge potential at the moment and bigger in the future; 2. Production capacities; 3. A bridge for further development to other East countries. Bellow I will list reason to go for and few risks company has to take into account. Macroeconomics reasons: GDP growth. Turkey will have one of biggest GDP growth in short term and long term compared to Emerging Europe and CEE. Economy size. Currently Turkey is biggest in CEE in population, which leads to No. 16 by GDP (PPP) in US Dollars. Turkey intends to become one of the top 10 economies of the world by 2023 Rank Country GDP (PPP) $Billion 1 United States 15,653 2 China 12,383 3 India 4,711 4 Japan 4,617 5 Germany 3,194 6 Russia 2,512 7 Brazil 2,366 8 United Kingdom 2,316 9 France 2,253 10 Italy 1,834 11 Mexico 1,758 12 South Korea 1,622 13 Canada 1,446 14 Spain 1,407 15...
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