Free Essay

Turning Point to 1911

In:

Submitted By tomangler
Words 395
Pages 2
The first turning point, the fall of the Qing dynasty, occurred in 1911 after an army uprising in October in the city of Wuchang had caused rebellion to rapidly spread. The uprising was caused by disturbances in Sichuan Province where the gentry violently resisted the government’s attempts to nationalise the provincial railway. The court appealed to Yuan Shikai, commander of the first modern army unit (Beyang army) to put down the uprising. Revolutionaries in the Southern provinces called for the establishment of a republic and Sun Yatsen, who was in the US at the time, was elected president on his return to China in December 1911. Sun Yatsen did a deal with Yuan Shikai conceding his presidency in return for Yuan Shikai supporting a new constitution. In February 1912, Yuan Shikai brought about the abdication of the Qing dynasty and in March Sun Yatsen handed over the provisional presidency to him. The country was now led by an important military figure, who had been loyal to the old regime and this did not bode well for the new republic. Under the new constitution, Yuan Shikai was supposed to work with a prime minister and his cabinet and elections were to be held for a parliament and new provincial assemblies. Sun Yatsen now established the Guomindang (GMD), replacing old revolutionary organisation, the Tongmenghui. The Guomindang did well in the election and then relations broke down between the president and the Nationalist Party (GMD). The latter launched a second revolution in the South which was crushed by Yuan Shikai, who the banned the Guomindang and closed the parliament, ushering in a republican dictatorship. There was more rebellion among military governors in the South at the end of 1915, when Yuan Shikai decided to restore the monarchy and become Emperor. Yuan Shikai died in June 1916 – his policy of administrative centralisation had failed because of widespread resistance and after 1916 a feeble parliament and a weak government were no match for the warlords who now exercised power throughout China. Politically, therefore, the potential of the republican revolution was not realised. The idea of an elected president and parliament had failed and China’s political modernisation was frustrated by fragmentation of power amongst warlords. As Moise states, “central authority of China collapsed completely and the country was divided up amongst various generals. China entered a decade of warlord rule .”

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Was 1911 Revolution a Turning Point of Modern China History

...had initiated 1911 Revolution.So was 1911 Revolution a turning point of modern China history?To a large extent,I agree with this statement. To commence with,1911 Revolution had contributed to the end of the monarchical form of Chinese government.Before 1911 Revolution,China had been ruled by the monarchical form of government for over two thousand years.Emperor possessed the highest power in the country and the general public must show absolute obedience on his demand.People were deprived of their political rights as most of them were never granted a chance to become a government official.In the 1911 Revolution,Yuan Shikai,with his military power,forced the Qing emperor Xuantong to abdicate.All the previous Qing officials soon lost their political powers.With the downfall of Qing dynasty,the monarchical form of government seemed to come to an end.On 12 February 1912,268 years of Manchu rule ended.After 1911 Revolution,the head of the country was called president rather than emperor.Instead of monarchism,republicanism was practiced.Every Chinese could have a chance to vote for their leaders.People could also have a chance to speak up for themselves.Electoral elements were introduced to the political system.Comparing with the autocratic and dictatorial rule before,1911 Revolution had overthrown these kinds of regimes and introduced a democratic political system.The two different ruling styles had indicated that 1911 Revolution was a turning point. Second,1911 Revolution had...

Words: 1163 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

The Second Industrial Revolution: Turning Point In American And World History

...The Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1914) was an important turning point in American and world history. New inventions, such as the lightbulb, completely transformed daily life for millions of people, allowing for safe and dependable light at all hours. Entrepreneurs like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and Henry Ford transformed the world of industry with mass production of products such as steal, oil, and automobiles. This uptick in production had several effects. The first was that the big companies made large quantities product in a short amount of time, changing the balance of supply and demand, lowering prices. Another effect of big business was that they generally outperformed and undermined small and family owned businesses,...

Words: 391 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

...It was near closing time in the Asch Building on March 25, 1911 when the flames began. Within 18 minutes 146 people were dead. The fourth largest industrial disaster in United States history, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire is remembered today as a tragic incident not only because of all the deaths but because of the fact that they were preventable. The death of 146 workers, mostly young immigrant women, would have been preventable if the owners had followed regulatory precautions to ensure that their workers had accessible exit paths and a set plan of action in case of such incidents. From this horrendous inferno arose public outcry for justice and worker safety reform that led to the transformation of the labor code of New York and...

Words: 1784 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

...New York City is a myriad of buildings and cultures. Consequently, many of the buildings have political and historical significance. The sites range from being the birthplace of the New Deal or George Washington’s favorite hangout tavern. Some buildings have more political significance than others. For example, the Brown Building housed the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory. In 1911, a brief factory fire would shed light on the cruel working environments endured by workers. The history of the fire and building has a lifetime impact on the workplace and employer standards. The Shirtwaist Factory fire played a significant role as a catalyst for labor reforms. The Triangle Waist Company, founded in the early twentieth century by Isaac Harris and Max...

Words: 1097 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Research/ Analyzation

...BUS2100-101 February 05, 2016 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Research/ Analyzation The Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire was on March 25, 1911. It was one of the worst tragedies New York City has ever had it caused the demise of 146 workers. The company was owned by Max Blanck and Isaac Hariss. It started out as a small business and by 1900 it had expanded quickly. They relocated the business to the 8th, 9th and 10th floors of the new ten- story Ash Building. The company employed around 500 employees. Most of the employees were immigrant women. Most of the women died from the fire or they perished from jumping from the burning building because the ladders on the fire trucks could only reach the seventh floor. The factory managers kept all of the doors locked to prevent employee theft and to keep the workers from leaving. The building only had one fire escape that collapsed during the rescue. Long tables and large machines trapped many of the people. In my opinion, the managers should not have locked the doors just to save the company money and time. This kind of behavior from the company and managers was unethical behavior. Human life should always take precedence over saving and making money. The company should have taken employee health and safety more serious before the fire. The only legal consequences for the managers were attorney fees. Civil lawsuits against the managers were filed, they proved to be pointless. No money was ever collected from...

Words: 630 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Democritus Research Paper

...Rutherford was the physicist who discovered the nucleus in the atom(Bio, 2013). In 1911 Rutherford conducted his main experiment; he shot positively charged alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil. At this point in time it was assumed that atoms ultimately had an overall positive charge. The expected results were that the particles would travel right through the gold foil. Although this was not the case, actually some of the alpha particles were deflected and others bounced right off. The main point this experiment proved that all of the positive charge had to be connected in the centre of the atom, which is now known as the nucleus (Bennett, 2012). After his discovery Rutherford changed the overall design of the model atom, instead of showing a diffuse overall positive charge he showed the positive charge located in the nucleus. His model is also commonly known as the planetary model because the placements of the electrons were thought to orbit the nucleus, much like the plants orbit the sun (Bennett,...

Words: 989 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Volcanism

...VOLCANISM =is the term which covers all kinds of volcanic activities., it also includes the process that gives rise to magma and causes its movements in the earth. = It also covers expulsion of gases, lava, and solid materials from the opening in the crust. VOLCANO =Is a vent, hill, or mountain from which molten or hot rock and gaseous materials are ejected =In our country we have more than 200 volcanoes they are distributed in five volcanic belt intimately related to subduction or convergent process MAGMA =The term magma comes from the Greek word that means “kneaded mixture” like a dough or paste. =Its geologic application refers to ant hot mobile materials within the earth that is capable of penetrating into or through the rocks of the crust. Types of Volcanic cones Types of volcanic eruption 1. QUIET = the fluid lava spreads out quickly to form a broad cone with gentle slopes. 2. EXPLOSIVE = some volcanoes explode with unbelievable violence. The eruption is often preceded by loud rumbling and earthquakes. 3. INTERMEDIATE = between the quiet ang the explosive kinds is the intermediate which is sometimes quiet, sometimes explosive, or a combination of both. 4. FISSURE = the largest amount of volcanic materials are extruded fro cracks in the cruct. Product of eruption 1.Gases and Vapors 2.Pyroclastic Materials 3.Lava Economic importance of Volcanic eruption products 1.The fumarole gases are used for generating electric...

Words: 841 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

War Bond Essay

...This was a major battle that took place in World War II in which Germany and the Axis powers fought the Soviet Union in an attempt to take control of the city of Stalingrad found in Southern Russia. The battle was fought in 1942–1943 and was finally finished with the surrender of the entire Nazi German army. Stalingrad was considered a major turning point of the war, representing the victory of the Allies. Internment originally means placing people in prison or other kinds of detention, especially during wartime. During World War II, the U.S. government put Japanese-Americans in these internment camps due to the paranoia that they might be loyal to / working for Japan. It was a system of government that grew somewhat popular in Europe from the 1920s up until the end of World War II. It meant that countries under this system were led by a dictator that had complete power. Germany (Adolf Hitler), Italy (Mussolini), and Spain (Franco) were all states that were governed by fascism. A term that was used by some political scientists in which a totalitarian state holds total control over the...

Words: 865 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Business

...Question 1 (800 ± 100 words, 10 marks) Critically examine the concept Effeciency in the Equity Market. Executive Summary: Research and the idea of market efficiency have come a long ways in past 30 years. Many of the reported irregularity could be the result of mismeasurements and the failure to incorporate time-varying risks and returns as well as the cost of information. Definition Efficient market is one where the market price is an unbiased estimate of the true value of the investment. Market efficiency does not require that the market price be equal to true value at every point in time. All it requires is that errors in the market price be unbiased, i.e., that prices can be greater than or less than true value, as long as these deviations are random. Very simply an efficient financial market do not allow investors to earn above-average returns without accepting above-average risks. Fama first defined the term "efficient market" in financial literature in 1965 as a market with a large number of profit-maximizers "with each trying to predict future market values" and "information is almost freely available." Ball, while still advocating the efficiency of the market, acknowledges several limitations that were found as researchers poured over the date looking for anomalies. Basic idea underlying market efficiency is that competition will drive all information into the price quickly. This idea got its start at least in part due to Ball and Brown's...

Words: 982 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

The Abuse of Aborginals People in the 20th Century

...century. One of these people would be Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Laurier would be an arbiter to Canada's history. Serving as Prime Minister from 1896 to 1911; a well respected leader and a man of honor. A man, confident within his country stated the following on January 18, 1904 “Canada has been modest in its history, although its history, in my estimation, is only commencing. It is commencing in this century. The nineteenth century was the century of the United States. I think we can claim that Canada will fill the twentieth century.” (Suzuki) Many Canadians would come to believe this and feel secure and prideful of their country. However, this statement would be proven wrong by the harsh unforgiving way the Aboriginal peoples were treated.Canada would not belong to the Twentieth century due to how the Government's treatment of first nations people, through the title of Status Indian, Reserves and Residential Schools. The Indian Act was put in place in the late nineteenth century as a means to calm down the First Nations people violent response to western settlers. (Coyler 176) The indian act would give the title of Status indian to certain people who met certain qualifications such as having Aboriginal ancestry or being an Aboriginal. This act would neglect the Aboriginal peoples to certain rights and freedoms, as well as eventually turning into a title of humiliation and prejudice. Anyone who had the title of status indian, were not given the right to vote. The final group of people...

Words: 896 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Facebook Addiction

...Asian Social Science; Vol. 10, No. 6; 2014 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Addictive Facebook Use among University Students Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh1, Bahaman Abu Samah1, Siti Zobidah Omar1, Jusang Bolong1 & Nurul Akhtar Kamarudin1 1 Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Correspondence: Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh, Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. Tel: 60-3-8947-1852. E-mail: zeinabzaremohzzabieh@gmail.com Received: October 27, 2013 Accepted: January 16, 2014 Online Published: February 26, 2014 doi:10.5539/ass.v10n6p107 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n6p107 Abstract The Facebook has become an essential part of almost every university students’ daily life, and while a large number of students seem to get benefits from use of the Facebook by exchanging information for educational goals, make friends, and other activities, the literature indicates that this social networking site can become addictive to some university students’ users, which is one of the today’s higher education matters. The aim of this study, therefore, is to explore the phenomenon of Facebook addiction among university students. Qualitative study using interview is used to gather data from nine International postgraduates of Universiti Putra Malaysia and the data established three themes (Compulsion to check Facebook, High frequency...

Words: 2823 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

Sigmund Freud

...Freud was born to Jewish Galician parents in the Moravian town of Příbor (German: Freiberg in Mähren), Austrian Empire, now part of the Czech Republic, the first of their eight children.[10] His father, Jakob Freud (1815–1896), a wool merchant, had two sons, Emanuel (1833–1914) and Philipp (1836–1911), from his first marriage. Jakob's family were Hasidic Jews, and though Jakob himself had moved away from the tradition, he came to be known for his Torah study. He and Freud's mother, Amalia (née Nathansohn), 20 years her husband's junior and his third wife, were married by Rabbi Isaac Noah Mannheimer on 29 July 1855. They were struggling financially and living in a rented room, in a locksmith's house at Schlossergasse 117 when their son Sigmund was born.[11] He was born with a caul, which his mother saw as a positive omen for the boy's future.[12] In 1859 the Freud family left Freiberg. Freud’s half brothers immigrated to Manchester, England, parting him from the “inseparable” playmate of his early childhood, Emanuel’s son, John.[13] Jacob Freud took his wife and two children (Freud's sister, Anna, was born in 1858; a brother, Julius, had died in infancy) firstly to Leipzig and then in 1860 to Vienna where four sisters (Rosa, Marie, Adolfine and Paula) and a brother (Alexander) were born. In 1865, the nine-year-old Freud entered the Leopoldstädter Kommunal-Realgymnasium, a prominent high school. He proved an outstanding pupil and graduated from the Matura in 1873 with honors...

Words: 3826 - Pages: 16

Premium Essay

Inspector James Adamant

...Inspector James Adamant The day I stopped the Atlanta Ripper after being sent through time “Investigator, not to sound ungrateful for the job, but I wasn’t aware this was part of my career trajectory.” The Lieutenant had a point. In fact, this wasn’t part of anyone’s career trajectory. Least of all Investigator James Adamant’s. He was pretty sure that anyone who planned on being ruthlessly, horrifyingly wrenched forward in time would have a better future planned than one that relied on the Atlanta Police Department. Two-hundred men. Underfunded. Understaffed. Overmatched. Serve and protect, all right. Adamant had been hoping that the new Chief of Police, James Beavers, could have gotten more funding for the underpaid police department to cope with the boom of Georgia’s greatest city. It was 1911, for God’s sake! Er. Well, it had been 1911. It wasn’t anymore. That was the crux of their problem. They’d both been hot on the trail of the infamous Atlanta Ripper. He’d killed fifteen women that they knew about, and God only knew how many more he’d murdered that the police hadn’t found. It was like the madman was determined to reach the same heights of notoriety as the criminal he was, in some fashion, named after. But Investigator James Adamant wasn’t about to let the Atlanta Ripper escape the clutches of the law. He’d been assigned the Lieutenant, a raw recruit, as an assistant and set on the search for the crazed killer. They didn’t call him the bloodhound...

Words: 1618 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Management11111

...(Dietrich, 2014) As regards this investigation, Morocco is one of Atlantis' first states, from where Atlantic culture spread first to Ireland, and to Libya and Egypt. Public opinion spread from West to East, while improvement spread from East to West. He accurately differentiates between pop culture from one viewpoint and human headway on the other: By public opinion he infers religion, divine creatures, myth, science, history, rationale. Public opinion is a significant fact that transcends this world. (Dietrich, 2014) Kauffman proposes an option situation that does not involve the synchronization of various implausible occasions. He recommends that life emerged through the relationship toward oneself of a set of autocatalytic polymers. At the point when reactant polymers collaborate with each one in turn normal length expands. As their length expands, the amount of responses by which polymers can interconvert builds quicker than the amount of polymers. In this way a set of associating atoms under conditions,...

Words: 2110 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Carl Jung's Interpretation of Religion

...Carl Jung has a very broad interpretation of 'religion' and to understand it, one must first examine the concepts Jung puts forward to explain his theory- the collective unconscious and archetypes, as frameworks within the collective unconscious, and how they relate to the process of individuation, the process by which the conscious individual 'harmonises' their psyche (mind). Jung accounts for religion as an expression of the collective unconscious of the species (though Jung may not have agreed with speciation) - religion helps the individuation process. within Jung's concept of the psyche, a three tier system - the personal conscious, the personal unconscious (repressed memories) and the collective unconscious (the blueprint that 'religious' images emerge from, conditioned by the archetypes). The expression of this psyche is the 'libido' (desire), the 'life-force' or energy that is focused through the archetypes. The archetypes are 'conceptual' frames that are shared by the entire species, they are 'functional dispositions' that innately generate images; the archetypes date back to pre-man evolutionary stages. Some examples of these archetypes are the persona - which manifests in dreams as images of masked parties, or suits of armour, the persona represents the 'outward facing' part of the psyche, the extrovert, which interacts with people; the shadow - this generates 'wilderness' or 'woodland' type images, and represents the 'dark', withdrawn 'inwards facing' part of the...

Words: 1225 - Pages: 5