...Twins Photo: Twins A Thing or Two About Twins They have the same piercing eyes. The same color hair. One may be shy, while the other loves meeting new people. Discovering why identical twins differ—despite having the same DNA—could reveal a great deal about all of us. By Peter Miller Photograph by Martin Schoeller Every summer, on the first weekend in August, thousands of twins converge on Twinsburg, Ohio, a small town southeast of Cleveland named by identical twin brothers nearly two centuries ago. They come, two by two, for the Twins Days Festival, a three-day marathon of picnics, talent shows, and look-alike contests that has grown into one of the world's largest gatherings of twins. Dave and Don Wolf of Fenton, Michigan, have been coming to the festival for years. Like most twins who attend, they enjoy spending time with each other. In fact, during the past 18 years, the 53-year-old truckers, whose identical beards reach down to their chests, have driven more than three million miles together, hauling everything from diapers to canned soup from places like Seattle, Washington, to Camden, New Jersey. While one sits at the wheel of their diesel Freightliner, the other snoozes in the bunk behind him. They listen to the same country gospel stations on satellite radio, share the same Tea Party gripes about big government, and munch on the same road diet of pepperoni, apples, and mild cheddar cheese. On their days off they go hunting or fishing together. It's a way...
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...traits such as eye color, hair color, height and otherphysical traits from DNA. The unknown is whether we get our more abstract traits from DNA like character, intelligence, sexuality and preferences to likes or dislikes. The Nurture side of this is debatea agrees that genetic influence is a key factor in the abstract physical traits but nothing more. It also goes on saying that the environment that we surround ourselves with is an undisputed factor as to the true origins of our behavior. John Watson one of the world’s most renowned psychologist is a known advocate for the Nurture side of this debate. He believes the environment surrounding an individual is a prominent factor in their development. He once proposed that he could choose a baby at random out of 12 and use environmental...
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...members of the opposite sex, not only to appear as such. For them, their sex organs, the primary (testes) as well as the secondary (penis and others) are disgusting deformities that must be changed by the surgeon’s knife. This attitude appears to be the chief differential diagnostic point between the two syndromes (sets of symptoms) - that is, those of transvestism and transsexualism. No genetic cause has as yet been proved for any transsexual manifestation. In a few rare cases of the Klinefelter syndrome, being complicated by transsexualism (or vice versa), the usual genetic fault was found, the patients showing 47 chromosomes (instead of the normal 46), with a chromosomal constellation of XXY instead of XY. At the same time, there were the usual clinical findings (see Chapters II and III). All transsexual patients without complicating disorders so far reported showed a normal chromosomal sex. (Harry Benjamin). Anchersen quotes Kallmann from his studies of homosexual twins as follows: "In 40 monozygotic pairs of twins there was not only a complete...
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...mouse was introduced, the knockout mice were found to be significantly more aggressive than another control group. This suggests this gene receptor is responsible for the aggression As this was completed in a scientific, lab environment, the results are highly reliable. However there are difficulties generalising from animal experiments to human behaviour. Humans have rational thinking and mice do not. The animal ethics guidelines state that the ends must justify the means. Later research tested rats in the same way, and they found humans don’t have the same gene. Therefore, the experiments are not justified. Aggression rates between MZ and DZ twins who have been reared together are also used for evidence. If genetics was the cause of aggression, we would expect to see a higher concordance between MZ twins than DZ twins, as MZ are genetically identical. Support for this comes from McGuffin and Gottesman, who looked at the concordance rate for aggression and...
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...Canada's Untouchables! Perri Klass is a young doctor who is just out of medical school in the United States. In her story India (2005), she talks about coming face to face with the grim realities of poverty and poor health in the third world; she compares them to her experiences in the first world. Klass implies that the health issues in India do not exist in North America. She states that in her world, where she got her medical training, "all children are supposed to grow up" with only a few exceptions to the rule (p.104). My intent is to confirm that Canada has a similar group of people living in poverty and poor health, and that the problems of India exist in our first world country too. I will do this by identifying the poorest people of each country and show how each group suffers from social and economic exclusion. I will also clarify how the health of each group suffers, and demonstrate how these groups are marginalized. Social exclusion can be defined as, 'the process through which individuals or groups are wholly or partially excluded from full participation in the society within which they live' (Thorat, 2007, n.p.). Dalits (formerly known as the 'Untouchables'), of India and most of the Natives (ironically, they are also known as North American Indians) of Canada live under adverse conditions and poverty. In India the Dalits are the poorest of the poor. They have been kept from getting an education and from possessing land. They are left to do the heavy manual...
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...Kaufman, 2001). The conceptualization of intelligence is still not set for certain as there are many different measures of intelligence. There is no standard measurement for intelligence and so there is no universal agreement of what intelligence actually is either (Plomin & McClearn, 1993). The research of intelligence found many different factors that determine the intelligence of an individual. The role of biology and genetic inheritance in the determination of intelligence is quite crucial. The genetic inheritance can be found out through how the child inherits the intelligence of the parent through IQ tests When mentioning the biology of intelligence, apart from the genetic inheritance that has to be researched through twin studies and adoption studies, hormones and neurotransmitters also has to be looked into in order to find out the biology of intelligence. The amount of nutrients that a child receives inside the uterus and after birth seems to affect the intelligence of a child. Breastfeeding especially, has been a topic of interest as there are some pieces of research that suggests breastfeeding is able to affect intelligence. Stress and drug exposure have also been key to how it can affect intelligence...
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...In this assignment I will outline the five approaches of gender development and consider which of these approaches provide the better explanation, I will do this by looking at various case studies and decide which has the best argument. Gender is the term used to refer to the socially formed roles of and relations between men and women, while 'Sex' refers to biological features which identify humans as male or female. These biological features are not absolute however, as it is possible for an individual to possess both. Gender roles are characterised by uneven power. The ‘norms’ of gender assign specific roles and rights of ways to men and women or girls and boys - for example, women may be expected to take on duties within the home and with their children, whilst men may be expected to be the sole earner and labourer, going out to work to earn a salary to support his family and to carry out manual tasks within the home. In terms of children, girls would be expected to play with ‘girl toys’ like dolls, prams and make-up, to be more sensitive and caring, whilst boys would be expected to play with cars and trucks, to be a lot more boisterous and active. As children grow from early childhood to adolescence, they are subjected to many aspects which influences their sense of behaviour and their attitude to gender roles. These behaviours and attitudes are generally picked-up in the home to begin with and are then strengthened by a child's peers, school, environmental experience...
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...Nature vs. Nurture - Twin Studies Eimy Ramirez PSY304 Prof. Reed April 11, 2015 Abstract The exponential growth of scientific and biological knowledge over time has facilitated the genesis of fields of specialization, namely biological determinism, sociobiology and eugenics, just to mention a few. The common thread between these fields is their proponents collectively postulate that all human traits, including weight, strength, intelligence, aspects of personality such as temperament (aggression for example), criminality and morality, are ultimately determined by the information encoded in DNA. They espouse that "we are who we are" because of our genes solely; that biodiversity in man is ultimately precipitated by phenotypic variations, caused by purely genetic differences, amongst individuals, therefore ostensibly offering little or no gravity to non-genetic factors. Non-genetic factors, generically labelled as the environment, encompass not only the physical, chemical and biological criterion, but also the numerous social and psychological ones that shape our lives as we grow and mature. Can we seriously take the influence of the environment, an intangible but nonetheless powerful force we experience every single day, out of the equation? Are we really who we are simply because our genes deem it so? What happens when you examine twins who have the same genes but were raised in different environments? Nature versus Nurture For years, the...
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...K., & Sipsma, H. (2006). Pregnancy folklore revisited: The case of heartburn and hair. Journal Complication, 33(4), 311-314. This study done by these three female doctors, Kathleen Costigan, Heather Sipsma and Janet DiPetro wanted to look into more depth about a folklore that has been told about heartburn relating to the amount of hair a baby has when he or she is born. The study asked 98 women, 64 of which participated who was having a singleton fetus and was a non-smoker. This was a self-reported test that was observational, which watched for results of heartburn in mothers having children. The result of the test showed that 23 of 28 women who said they had heartburn reportedly had babies with a lot of hair. The other 10 of 12 women who reported they didn’t have heartburn showed their babies had little to no hair at all at birth. This reports accurately measures that 70% of women reported they had heartburn, had children with a lot of hair. Using a self-report method in this research test was a strong point by the designers. The self-reports allows for consistent and accurate validity in the subject being tested. The one weakness to this self reported test is that the test although it sampled 98 women only two thirds decided to be part of the research. With more women it may have shown higher statistical data and it may have allowed for a wider range of ethnic and racial diversity; which this study did not have. This relates to child development which we have...
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...factors on the development of an individual Genetic Biological Environmental Socioeconomic Lifestyle 1: Genetic – Psoriasis. My mother inherited Psoriasis from her mother. What is Psoriasis? Psoriasis is a common skin problem affecting about 2% of the population. It occurs equally in men and women, at any age, and tends to come and go unpredictably. It is not infectious, and does not scar the skin. There is more likely to be a family history of psoriasis in people who get it when they are young than in those who develop it when they are old. A child with one parent with psoriasis has roughly a 1 in 4 chance of developing psoriasis too. If one of a pair of twins has psoriasis, the other twin has a 70% chance of having it too if the twins are identical, but only a 20% chance if the twins are not identical.ihiu8ggoyf Treatments fall into three categories: topical – creams and ointments that are applied to your skin phototherapy – your skin is exposed to certain types of ultraviolet light systemic – oral and injected medications that work throughout the entire body My mother finds it difficult to wear short sleeve tops as she doesn’t like the way that her skin appears. Its can also cause my mum some pain (burning sensations, itching and flakey skin). My mother has had this since she was a child and has been to see her GP who referred her to a dermatologist, he advised her of some treatment that may help the skin condition. She tries to attend sunbeds when...
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...vs. Nurture in Twins Stephanie A Anderson Western Governors University WGU Student ID# 000257288 Nature vs. Nurture in Twins Many studies are being done on twins and the difference between genetics vs. environment. Many studies are done on monozygotic twins as well as dizygotic twins. Monozygotic (MZ) twins are known as identical twins because they are from one egg that is fertilized and splits into two genetically identical halves, which continue to grow as twins. If there are any additional splitting of the zygote it leads to triplets, quadruplets etc. In Dizygotic (DZ) twins, also known as fraternal twins, there are two eggs that are fertilized by two different sperm, essentially making two babies at once that are genetically different but similar like other siblings. (Wheelwright, 2004) There are many differences between identical twins and fraternal twins such as fraternal twins can be of opposite sex. It is very rare for identical twins to be different sexes since they are split from the same zygote. (Wheelwright, 2004) Identical twins share 100% of their genetics and fraternal twins about 50%. (Horwitz, Videon, Schmitz, Davis, 2003) Identical twins do have the same DNA and the same fingerprints. Although there are now genetic tests that can find minor differences in the DNA of identical twins, they are still considered genetically identical. (Wheelwright, 2004) With all the studies that have been done over the years with sets of twins, they are beginning...
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...opinions about homosexuality in regards of nature, equal rights, and impacts over the population. Being homosexual for most people are not a choice, it comes from genetic characteristics. There is a twin research shows that if one identical twin is gay, the other twin is also likely to be gay. Moreover, if in the family have people are gays or lesbians, it will be high percent for a baby to homosexual characteristics. This means that genes are important in deciding sexual orientation (Greg). However, somebody think it is not normal and different from law of nature. If we are straight, it does not mean we assume everybody like us; because everybody is not the same. Nevertheless, even if homosexuality seems to be genetic for some, the nature has made women and men predisposed to be together. The law of the nature wants for every species to form couples only between male and female. Even the shape of genitals proves that. A woman’s vagina has a hollow shape, in sort that the penis which has a complementary form will fit. For example, two women cannot be that complementary. When trying to join them together it gets stuck because it is like trying to penetrate a wall. Then the nature has decided since the birth that same sex gender is not supposed to be together. Another question is why babies can only be made by different sex gender and not by same sex? Only the ova of a...
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...Snap! Sperm cell Sexual reproduction occurs when offspring result from the joining (fusion) of a male reproductive cell and a female reproductive cell. These special reproductive cells are called gametes and are made in the reproductive organs of organisms. In animals, male gametes are called sperm and female gametes are called ova (singular = ovum) or egg cells. Reproductive systems are designed to bring the male and female gametes together. The joining of sperm and egg cells is called fertilisation. This process mixes the genetic material from the nucleus of each parent together and results in the formation of a zygote. Human sperm cells surround an ovum. MEETING OUTSIDE … In some animals, especially those that live or breed in water such as fish and amphibians, fertilisation occurs outside the female's body. This is called external fertilisation. In this situation, the female releases her unfertilised eggs into the water to be fertilised by the male's sperm, which are also released into the water. MEETING INSIDE … In animals that live and breed on land, internal fertilisation occurs. This keeps the gametes inside the body so there is no chance of dehydration occurring. In this situation, sperm are introduced into the female by a process called copulation (or sexual intercourse). Some differences between internal and external fertilisation Sexual reproduction involves fusion of gametes. Page 184 Ova Like sperm, ova are produced by a special type of cell division...
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...Introduction In this term paper, I will be discussing the disorder of Autism, a sever disorder that affects the function of the brain. It causes problems in such areas as social contact, intelligence, language and speech impediments, along with ritualistic or compulsive behaviors, as well as different responses to the environment that an autistic individual may have different than individuals not having autism would exhibit. I will be talking generally about the history and description of autism, the cause, affected age group, signs and symptoms that mark a autistic individual, the people who an autistic individual may go to for medical help and treatment, the actual treatment that a autistic person may receive, risk factors that a autistic person may encounter, how you would asses someone with autism, activities that a individual who has autism may take part in, and also the long term affects and treatment goals for someone who has autism should be trying to accomplish. I feel that by doing all of this that I will gain a greater sense of understanding for individuals with autism so as to better help them if I should ever have the privilege to work with an autistic person. I will be giving this information to you by going through each topic that I have outlined in the introduction and explaining what each means and how they affect an individual with autism. Definition of Autism Before anything else, I feel that I should give a scientific definition of Autism. Autism is a sever...
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...Term | Definition or Description | How will you remember? (examples from your life or books, articles, tv, etc or you can put the definition in your own words) | human development | the scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age from conception until death | changes that occur in people as they age | longitudinal design | research design in which one participant or group of participants is studied over a long period of time | group of participants is studied over a long period of time | cross-sectional design | research design in which several different age-groups of participants are studied at one particular point in time | different age-groups of participants are studied at one particular point in time | cross-sequential design | research design in which participants are first studied by means of a cross-sectional design but are also followed and assessed for a period of time | followed and assessed for a period of time | nature | the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions | inherited characteristics | nurture | the influence of the environment on personality, physical growth, and intellectual growth, and social interactions | the influence of the environment | genetics | the science of inherited traits | inherited traits | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | special molecule that contains the genetic material of the organism | special...
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