...supplier network in addition to inability to communicate to server their end customers. Ford has realized the urgent need to change their supply chain in order to be more cost effective and more profitable for its shareholders. Since Dell and Ford are two different types of markets, one is in the computer manufacturing/distribution business and the other is in the automobile business, it does not seem right for Ford to implement the exact “virtual integration model” deployed by Dell. The fact the car buyer usually wants to touch and feel the car before they make a purchase of a car would put Ford at risk of losing their customers to the competitors. On the other hand when customers buy computers on-line they don’t have to worry about touching and testing the computers and they require a better price than the other retail avenues to buy computers. Some other considerations in this case are the consideration of the buying frequency of cars versus computers and financing requirements for a car versus a computer. Another consideration would be the number of suppliers to support Ford manufacturing versus Dell’s computer manufacturing. Although the model deployed by Dell seems to be a stretch there are certain aspects of the model Ford can fully adopt or partial implement to place them in a better position to grow and realize more profit for the shareholders....
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...Implementation…………………………………………………..………………….6 Monitor and Control……………………………………………..……….………7 Exhibit One: ………………….…………………………………….………….…….7 Exhibit Two: ………………….…………………………………….………….…….8 Executive Summary “How should the company use emerging information technologies and ides from new high tech industries to change the way it interacted with suppliers?” Supply chain management at Ford was a push system until 1995, at this time the model changed to a made to stock system. Due to the complexity of the existing supply chain, there is an urgent need for change. Founded over a 100 years ago, Ford currently has many processes in place, that will not be changed in an easy, cost effective manner. Dell uses a virtual integration business model that has been modified throughout the past 15 years to be as efficient as possible for Dell. Implementation of virtual integration business model, similar to Dell, will make the supply chain more cost effective, therefore increasing revenues. However, based on the differences within the two industries, I recommend a partial implementation of virtual integration model. Using information technology Ford Issue Identification * Complex supplier network – Ford has a very large number of suppliers. These suppliers have been organized into three Tiers. Tier 1 suppliers manage and handle the tier 2 and tier 3 suppliers’. * Outdated Information Technology systems * Minimal control over independent dealerships – Independent dealer network...
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...employ one-tier board model, but the Netherlands, Germany, and several other European countries allow a two-tier board model. This distinction is of interest to this research as its focus is on the European market, and its board model, which could prove to be a key factor influencing the investment performance. Under a unitary board structure, boards are comprised of executive and non-executive directors. In contrast, under a dual board structure, boards are divided into management board and supervisory board. The management board solely contains executives and is led by CEOs. The supervisory board consists of wider directors, responsible for oversight of managers and led by the chairman. It is difficult to decide which model is better or worse as they both possess their strengthens and their limitations. A one-tier board is criticized for the efficiency in monitoring CEOs’ decision-making, but a two-tier board is disputed for the separation of board meeting, presumably leading to problems in cooperation between boards. Additionally, the existing literature referring to the impact of board model on firm performance or investment performance is limited. As such it will be added it as a measurement for board characteristics in this study. Millet-Reyes and Zhao (2010) compare the influence of one-tier and two-tier board on firm performance. They measure firm performance found on operating cash flow, return on asset, and Tobin’s Q. The regression result shows that the two-tier board is...
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...The World Wide Web provides a new paradigm in computer networking for human communication, which had an impact on the delivery of information and continues to stand in rapid developments. The word Web Technology represents a discontinuity in the way applications are connected. Using the Web Technology as the basis for an application brings substantial advantages to the adopter. This report focuses on 2-tier architecture and mainly on the 3-tier architecture, which is the present web technology. This report will also review the client-side scripting and the server-side scripting. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 1. Introduction 3 2. Need for technology 4 3. Terminology 5 4. 2-Tier Architecture 5 5. 3-Tier Architecture 7 6. Client Server Architecture 10 7. Conclusion 12 REFERENCES 13 1. INTRODUCTION Web sites have quickly evolved from simple, static pages to complex Web applications performing critical operations for many businesses. These applications involve dynamic data from multiple sources; ever changing and various features for e-commerce, personalization and many more. At the same time, customers and internal users have understandably come to expect and demand more and more sophistication in the Web-based applications they use every day. The result? Web application solution providers — and their client companies — face several new challenges. They must meet or exceed...
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...the product features that each segment values. We then adjusted ticket prices relative to the segment's price sensitivity, willingness to pay, and utility derived from the Olympic events. The methodology we applied to our model was focused on indirect pricing discrimination primarily allowing for self-selection based on different tiers of events (based on projected popularity), event round (preliminaries v. finals), and seat location. We complemented this methodology with several targeted strategies aimed at increasing both attendance and accessibility. The model we recommend (see Exhibit 2 for full list of prices for various events) balances revenue generation with accessibility. We project revenues of approximately $653M, but preserve relatively low price points on millions of tickets, making the games accessible to the masses. Our prices were set with the strategy outlined in Exhibit 3. We divided events into two categories: events that sought to maximize revenue or accessibility and aligned them with the appropriate customer segments (as outlined below) based primarily on the segment's estimated price sensitivity. The majority of the revenue is derived by placing a premium on the four most historically popular events, which also feature two of the 2012 Olympics' biggest stars (Phelps & Bolt), football (soccer), basketball and sports where the UK has historically won medals. This combined with...
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...Ford Case Report Virtual Integrate or Not? Table of Contents -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Executive Summary 3 Issue Identification 4 Environmental & Root Cause Analysis 4-5 Alternatives 6 Recommendations 7 Implementation 8 Monitor and Control 9 Executive Summary Being one of the top 3 auto manufacturers, Ford had been challenged for their leading position in the auto industry by their foreign-based competitors (Honda and Toyota) in past decades; at the same time auto industry was overcapacity which lead to more fierce competition. How could Ford maintain competitive power and market share in auto market? Improve quality, decrease price and fast response to...
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...files is stored in the DBMS catalog separately from the access programs. User view: DBA: assisted by a staff that carries out these functions End user: the people whose jobs require access to the database for querying, updating, and generating reports; the database primarily exists for their use Canned transaction: that have been carefully programmed and tested Deductive database system: database systems provide capabilities for defining deduction rules for inferencing new information from the stored database facts Persistent object: Meta-data: The information stored in the catalog Transaction-processing application: 1.2. What four main types of actions involve databases? Briefly discuss each. Answer: hierarchical systems, network model based systems, inverted file systems and Database system. 1.3. Discuss the main characteristics of the database approach and how it differs from traditional file systems. Answer: ■ Self-describing nature of a database system ■ Insulation between programs and data, and data abstraction ■ Support of multiple views of the data ■ Sharing of data and...
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...Supply Chain Management Definition, Introduction and Fundamental Concepts * Definition A supply chain is a global network used to deliver products and services from raw material to customers through an engineered flow of information, physical distribution and cash. 3 entities 4 flows , to connect A basic supply chain Is formed of a supplier a producer and the customer , connected with four basic flows : 1- The flow of physical material and services from supplier to the producer to transform them into consumable products for distribution to the final customer 2- The flow of cash back to the raw material supplier; 3- the flow of information back and forth along the chain ; 4- and the reverse flow of product for repair, or disposal A supplier / a vendor /a seller may provide :- * raw material s * services * Energy * Components A producer receives the material , supplies services to turn them into consumable products or services such as : * Products(airplanes, cars, furniture,..) * Power (electric, fuel ,..) * Professional services(guided tours, engineering services,..) * Government Services(educational , health care,..) A producer deliver the finished product to a customer that receives its final customer and consumers * There are three main types of Supply Chain Strategies :- a- Stable – appropriate for chains that use efficient execution with efficient cost & time performance and do not require real...
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...FINAL REPORT SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSRTY MARCH 13, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 OVERVIEW OF SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGY: 3 FORD: LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGY 3 About the company 3 Features of Ford system of manufacturing 4 Supply chain Design 4 Push Pull Strategy 5 Best practices 6 TOYOTA: LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGY 6 About the Company 6 Supply chain design 7 Key features of Toyota business model 7 Drivers of supply chain 8 Parts Ordering 9 Parts and Supplier Master 9 Forecasting 9 Toyota distribution model 10 Best practices 10 COMPARISON 10 ISSUES 11 RECOMMENDATIONS 12 REFRENCES 13 INTRODUCTION The Indian automotive industry, comprising vehicle and component manufacturers, has grown steadily since the economic liberalization of the early 1990’s. The arrival of major global auto companies has galvanised the domestic sector into adopting Supply Chain best practices. The changing business conditions of the 21st century has led to companies facing issues ranging from globalisation, economic uncertainty to new technologies and increasing consumer demands. In the automobile industry, as manufacturers design and build vehicles globally, their supply chains become increasingly complex with challenges that often stand in the way of profitability and higher shareholder value such as long order-to-delivery lead times, unreliable production schedules, excess inventory...
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...high value, high quality, convergent OSS solutions to telecom operators worldwide. These scalable solutions will have unparalleled support to ensure flexibility and to meet and exceed customer expectations. Target Markets OSS Telecom Technology has projected two primary products in its forecast: 1. Post-paid CCB systems The total available market for CCB systems worldwide is projected to be $6.9 billion per year in 2004. The measurement of total available market is the compilation of the number of telecom operators that will replace their billing system and the number of new billing systems coming online each year. Fifty percent of all billing systems are replaced on average every four years. With over 3,500 Tier 2 and Tier 3 telephone operators currently in operation, and a projected 1,500 new Tier 2 and Tier 3 operators coming online over five years, this means that over 4,300 billing systems will be needed in the next five years. The post-paid CCB systems will be sold to the number of Tier 2 and Tier 3 operators listed above, specifically, new operators and those that are choosing to replace their current system. Prepaid IN systems have a much broader market opportunity given the small penetration of Prepaid IN in Tier 2 and 3 providers. Operators in developing countries project that over 50% of all calls will eventually be prepaid, while developed countries may reach 35%. This growth, coupled with the fact Prepaid IN is an add-on, increases the number of new systems operators...
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...Global supply chain design: A literature review and critique Mary J. Meixell a a,* , Vidyaranya B. Gargeya b,1 School of Management, Enterprise Hall, MSN 5F4, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, United States b Information Systems and Operations Management Department, 479, Bryan Building, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States Abstract In this paper, we review decision support models for the design of global supply chains, and assess the fit between the research literature in this area and the practical issues of global supply chain design. The classification scheme for this review is based on ongoing and emerging issues in global supply chain management and includes review dimensions for (1) decisions addressed in the model, (2) performance metrics, (3) the degree to which the model supports integrated decision processes, and (4) globalization considerations. We conclude that although most models resolve a difficult feature associated with globalization, few models address the practical global supply chain design problem in its entirety. We close the paper with recommendations for future research in global supply chain modeling that is both forward-looking and practically oriented. Ó 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Supply chain design; Globalization; Outsourcing; Supply chain integration; International sourcing 1. Introduction The last decades of the twentieth century witnessed a considerable...
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...UNITEN, Kajang Malaysia Norsalwati Binti Mohd Razalli Quality Management Centre,UNITEN, Kajang Malaysia ABSTRACT Institutional audit is an integral part of the quality assurance process in the Malaysian higher education to determine whether the institution is achieving its mission and goals, to identify strengths and areas of concern, and to enhance quality. One form of institutional audit is the periodic academic performance audit to determine the continuation or maintenance of programme accreditation status. In 2011, UNITEN conducted an institutional audit (Academic Performance Audit) exercise to prepare for SETARA 2012 or the Rating System for Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia. UNITEN was conferred SETARA Tier 5 - Excellent in 2012 compared to Tier 4 in 2009. Based on action science approach, this paper discusses the lessons learned during the Academic Performance Audit (APA) conducted in 2011 and how they empowered the teachinglearning environment at UNITEN. It will also highlight the three innovations introduced in the APA process. Keywords:Academic Performance Audit (APA), Rating system (SETARA), Action science, teaching-learning, Innovation. 1. INTRODUCTION Institutional audit is an integral part of the quality assurance process in the Malaysian higher education. As mandated by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency, institutional audit is an external evaluation of an institution to determine...
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...Important Consideration for building a new e business Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary: 3 2.0 Important consideration to build a new E-business: 3 2.1 Business Plan of the E business: 4 2.2 Basic Infrastructure: 5 2.2.1 Client/Server Technology: 5 (A) Two Tier Client/Server Architecture: 6 (B) Three Tier Client/Server Architecture: 6 2.2.2 Web technologies and applications: 7 2.2.3 Collaborative Technologies: 7 (A) Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): 8 (B) Workflow System: 9 3.0 E-Business Networks 10 4.0 Supply Chain Management: 11 5.0 E-Business Model: 11 6.0 Reliability and Quality of Service: 12 6.1 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI): 12 6.2 Infrastructure Availability: 13 6.3 Network Level Security: 13 1.0 Executive Summary: E-business is the largest emerging trend in business today. The movement into e-business is dramatically changing the way people buy and sell. Business is no longer a one for all concepts, that concept is being replaced by a consumer economy that is driven by choice. These choices are not only in product and price but in shopping environment as well, where their transactions can take place face to face or in an online environment. Not only are traditional businesses completing their transactions with other businesses in such an online format, but such transactions are taking place between businesses and consumers as well as consumers to consumers. To build a new E-business there are few consideration...
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...Department of Education requested that the National Research Center on Learning Disabilities (NRCLD) identify, describe, and evaluate the implementation of responsiveness to intervention (RTI) in elementary schools throughout the United States. The NRCLD staff worked with the six Regional Resource Centers (RRCs) to identify potential sites and solicit school participation. More than 60 schools across the country initially were considered, and information from 41 of those schools was submitted. The NRCLD research staff reviewed the extensive amount of information submitted and judged that 19 of those schools were engaging in one or more commendable RTI practices based on a review of the following six components of an RTI service-delivery model: • School-wide screening. Screening is a type of assessment characterized by quick, low cost, repeatable testing of critical academic skills or behaviors and can be administered by individuals with minimal amounts of training. A screening measures whether a student should be judged at risk. If a student meets the criteria for at-risk status, he or she is considered for more in-depth assessment. Screenings can use either a criterion referenced or normative comparison standard for measuring student performance. Progress monitoring. Progress monitoring is a set of assessment procedures for determining the extent to which a student or students are benefiting from classroom instruction. When applied with rigor, progress monitoring addresses the...
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...giant database. Everything from the gear we are issued to how we are identified as an “individual” (ssn#) is a scannable number to be coded, referenced, and utilized by anyone with proper clearance. “The database architecture is the set of specifications, rule, and processes that dictate how data is stored in a database and how data is accessed by components of the system.” (wingenious.com) Database architecture type s can be broken down into three broad categories, each of which can have several subcategories: One Tier, Two Tier- client/server, and “N” Tier- client/server. The One Tier architecture is best suited to the single user and relatively small amounts of data. It runs on the user’s local machine and references a file that is stored on that machine’s hard drive, thus using a single physical resource to access and process information. For multiple users and small scale applications Two Tier client/server architecture would be better suited than One Tier architecture. Users interact through a GUI (graphical user interface) to communicate with the database server across a network via SQL (structured query language. For the large...
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