...introduction Lab Report Part 1 This lab is divided into two different parts. Part 1 deals with the general characteristics of tissues, and part 2 asks you to interpret some photomicrographs taken of human tissue slides in our lab. Part one should be completed first, but you’ll probably get a lot of hints about the answers for part 2 if you’ve looked over the images and questions provided ahead of time to work on them. To do Part 1, download the following documents and have your textbook available. Part 1 Characteristics of tissues A. Epithelial Tissues What are five general characteristics which distinguish epithelial tissues? (1. Cellularity: tightly packed sheets of cells with little intercellular material between them 2. Basement membrane; the basal surface of ETs are anchored to underlying CT by a distinct basement membrane 3. Specialized contacts: tight junctions and desmosomes 4. Avascularity: contain no blood vessels; are nourished by nutrients which diffuse upward from underlying connective tissue through the basement membrane 5. Regeneration: high regeneration capacity due to rapid cell division ) Explain how the general morphology of epithelial cells may be deduced from the names of the epithelial tissues. (The names of the epithelial cells are characteristic of their structure: simple=single layer stratified=many layers squamous=flat cuboidal=cube shaped columnar=elongated ) Epithelial tissues specialized for secretion can be found in two types of glands...
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...Lab #12. The Nervous system. Sensorimotor transformations. EPPS BIOE 2101 Spring 2016 INTRODUCTION The nervous system “is” you. Nervous cells transform signals from the outside world into “spikes,” voltage changes, or chemical signals, perform transformations on these signals, and then may turn on muscles. Muscles, in turn, cause behavior: a smile, or moving across the room. Your nervous system is responsible for your interaction with the world, from sensing it to acting upon it. | Parts of the nervous system: the spinal cord, motor neurons, and sensory neurons. Sense organs in muscles transmit sensory information to spinal cord interneurons, that connect to motor neurons, that in turn activate muscles. (Adapted from Kandell et al., 2000). | | Parts of the nervous system: the spinal cord, motor neurons, and sensory neurons. Sense organs in muscles transmit sensory information to spinal cord interneurons, that connect to motor neurons, that in turn activate muscles. (Adapted from Kandell et al., 2000). | Neurons – The cellular building block of the nervous system is the neuron. These cells are typically excitable: they can “spike,” a process by which their membrane voltage quickly changes, and they transmit information. Neurons can transduce signals from the outside world into spikes, transmit spikes to each other via connections called “synapses,” and connect to muscles, in order to turn the muscle on and make it contract. When spikes happen in neurons...
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...Assignment 1 - Semester Plan (60 points total) NAME: Ethan Deane Date: [pic] General Instructions 1. All fitness testing protocols and charts can be found in the “Fitness Testing” file in the “Assignments” folder on the Blackboard website. Read each protocol carefully before completing the fitness testing. 2. Be sure to respond to all questions with thorough, detailed answers. 3. Type all responses. 4. Staple all of the materials listed in the table in the specified order. [pic] Assignment 1 CHECKLIST [pic] | |Requirement |Pts | |1 |Personal Fitness Data Sheet |/2 | | |*Include scores and ratings for “beginning of semester” only | | |2 |Cardiorespiratory Fitness Lab |/7 | | |Perform one of the following tests: | | | |1. PACER | | | |2. 12-Minute Run ...
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...INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual MAIN VERSION, Eighth Edition Update CAT VERSION, Ninth Edition Update FETAL PIG VERSION, Ninth Edition Update ELAINE N. MARIEB, R.N., Ph.D Holyoke Community College SUSAN T. BAXLEY, M.A. Troy University, Montgomery Campus NANCY G. KINCAID, Ph.D Troy University, Montgomery Campus PhysioEx™ Exercises authored by Peter Z. Zao, North Idaho College Timothy Stabler, Indiana University Northwest Lori Smith, American River College Greta Peterson, Middlesex Community College Andrew Lokuta, University of Wisconsin—Madison San Francisco • Boston • New York Cape Town • Hong Kong • London • Madrid • Mexico City Montreal • Munich • Paris • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo • Toronto Editor-in-Chief: Serina Beauparlant Project Editor: Sabrina Larson PhysioEx Project Editor: Erik Fortier Editorial Assistant: Nicole Graziano Managing Editor: Wendy Earl Production Editor: Leslie Austin Composition: Cecelia G. Morales Cover Design: Riezebos Holzbaur Design Group Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger Marketing Manager: Gordon Lee Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means...
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...Turner Unique 49190 Day: Thursday Room: 1.24 Lab Start Time 1:30pm Exercise 10 Lab Report Adhere to UT’s Honor Code and course policies. Answer group questions individually first before compiling them into one consensus group response. Individual questions are to be answered independently. Balance between brevity and completeness. Show your work for all calculations and be sure to include proper units where necessary. Any secondary resources need to be cited. One printed report is to be submitted at the START of your next laboratory period as well as a digital pdf version uploaded to Canvas. GROUP QUESTIONS 1. List the functions of the following external structures: (3 pts.) (a.) Chelapeds: large walking appendages of a crayfish; appendages allow the crayfish to grasp and tear food, and also defend itself (b.) Walking legs: the 4 pairs of appendages used to locomote in the crayfish, they are equipped with gills which allows for gas exchange (taking in oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide) (c:.) Maxillapeds: an appendage modified for feeding: holding food, touching and tasting (d.) Cephalothorax: the first segment of a crayfish, consisting of a head fused to the thorax (e.) Genital pore: location of where sperm or eggs are released (f.) Nephridiopore: Part of the excretory system for removing nitrogenous waste. (g.) Abdomen: the multi-segmented posterior region of the crayfish used to swim backwards (h.) Uropod/telson: - small flippers (2) on the end of the abdomen of a crayfish...
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...NAME: Ivelina Nikolova _ LAB TIME/DATE :F 10am________________________ Class worksheet is due next period in your lab. No late papers will be accepted. No cheating and/or copying answers. Only your original work with be accepted. Activity 1: Understanding Nephron Structure and Function Identify All Indicated Structures of The Nephron. (6 points) Name the part of the nephron associated with each step of urine formations (3 points) Filtration: in the glomerulus__________________________ Reabsorption: in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and in the loop of Henly__________________________ Secretion: In the proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules, and collecting duct____________________________ Activity 2: Understanding Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors that Affect Filtration Rate (GFR) 1. Explain how the macula densa influences GFR? (2 points) Macula densa senses fluid flow in the nephron. If there is an increase in blood flow, the macula densa senses that and vasoconstrictor substances are released that lead to vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole, which will lead to decrease in the GFR and glomerular capillary pressure. And if there is a low blood flow we will have a vasodilation. 2. What happens to GFR if the diameter of the afferent arteriole is increased? Why? (2 points) We will have an increase of pressure in the glomerulus, more blood can get in there than can get out, so if there is an increase...
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...Clinical Notes The Visible Human Project p. 7 Homeostasis and Disease p. 13 An Introduction to Studying the Human Body This textbook will serve as an introduction to the inner workings of your body, providing information about both its structure and its function. Many of the students who use this book are preparing for careers in health-related fields—but regardless of your career choice, you will find the information within these pages relevant to your future. You do, after all, live in a human body! Being human, you most likely have a seemingly insatiable curiosity—and few subjects arouse so much curiosity as our own bodies. The study of anatomy and physiology will provide answers to many questions regarding the functioning of your body in both health and disease. Although we will be focusing on the human body, the principles we will learn apply to other living things as well. Our world contains an enormous diversity of living organisms that vary widely in appearance and lifestyle. One aim of biology—the science of life—is to discover the unity and the patterns that underlie this diversity, and thereby shed light on what we have in common with other living things. Animals can be classified according to their shared characteristics, and birds, fish, and humans are members of a group called the vertebrates, characterized by a segmented vertebral column. The shared characteristics and organizational patterns provide useful clues about how these animals have evolved over time...
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...and Hand Lab Name: ____________________________________________ Date: _____________ Please perform the following tasks and answer the corresponding questions. All answers must be typed. Palpation of bony landmarks and other structures Palpate for the following structures and mark their locations: 1. Medial epicondyle of humerus 2. Lateral epicondyle of humerus 3. Capitate 4. Outline the “Anatomical Snuff Box” 5. Scaphoid 6. Hook of the Hamate 7. Pisiform 8. Ulnar styloid 9. Radial styloid 10. CMC joint of the thumb 11. MCP joints of the thumb and fingers 12. IP joint of the thumb 13. PIP joint of the fingers 14. DIP joint of the fingers 15. Have your partner perform full finger and wrist extension so the tendons passing into the hand become prominent. Palpate these tendons AND determine to which muscles they belong. 16. Have your partner perform full finger and wrist flexion so the tendons passing into the hand at the wrist become prominent. Palpate these tendons AND determine to which muscles they belong. Identification Following the palpation and marking of the structures above, please identify: -The muscles that perform PIP joint flexion: __First Digit_________________________ -The muscle group(s) that originates from the medial epicondyle: ________________________ -The muscle group(s) that originates from the lateral epicondyle: _________________________ -The muscle(s) that...
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...INET Lab Report 8 Immunity Student: Email: Date: I. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) EXERCISE 8.1 – AIDS streaming video 1. View the video AIDS, What Everyone Needs to Know. Answer the following questions that relate to this film. 2. When and how did scientists discover AIDS? 3. Who can get AIDS? 4. What do the letters AIDS stand for? 5. What is the body’s first line of defense against an infection? 6. What is the body’s second line of defense against an infection? 7. Which cells of the immune system recognize an invader first? 8. What is the role of the Helper T cells in the immune system? 9. Which type of cell does the AIDS virus invade? 10. Which groups of people in the United States contracted AIDS first? 11. How long can the virus remain inactive in a person’s body? Can people spread the virus before they have symptoms of the disease? 12. How is the disease transmitted? 13. Is the virus found in saliva and tears? 14. How can a person become infected with the AIDS virus? 15. At the time this film was produced, how many people in the United States were thought to have the virus? 16. What are symptoms of AIDS? 17. What usually causes death in an AIDS patient? 18. What are ways that you cannot get AIDS? 19. How can you avoid getting AIDS? 20. Describe sexual transmission of HIV during: ...
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...Medical Anatomy & Physiology 14a Lab Activity Name(s): ________________________ Period: _________ Date: ___________ The Respiratory System A healthy respiratory system is crucial to an individual’s overall health, and respiratory distress is often one of the first indicators of a life-threatening illness. The function of the respiratory system is to exchange gases between the external air and the body. The lungs are the primary organ of the respiratory system that performs this function. The lungs take up a large portion of the thoracic cavity and are actually attached to the surface of the thoracic cavity by a sticky pleural membrane. The pleural membrane produces a liquid called surfactant that allows the lung to stick to the ribs. On occasion, air gets caught in the space between the lungs and the thoracic cavity and can cause the lungs to collapse. This may be caused by trauma, infection, or can occur spontaneously. The amount of oxygen needed by the body, and carbon dioxide produced by the body, can vary greatly depending on an individual’s activity level. Exercise can increase the need for energy produced by cellular respiration, and therefore the oxygen demanded by the body, by 25 times. An increase in the rate of respiration can meet this demand. https://www.lung.ca/children/images/grades7_12/the_r espitatory_system.gif Process of Respiration Step Process The intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs up, and the diaphragm contracts and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 moves down...
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...Jerricah Pierron March 28,2016 Stem Cell Research Stem cells are a different from other cells in the body. Three general properties are common to all stem cells: (1) they are unspecialized (2) they give rise to specialized cell types and (3) they can divide and renew themselves for a long time. Unlike nerve cells, muscle cells and blood cells, stem cells rapidly reproduce. Millions of cells can be grown in the laboratory from a beginning group of stem cells. The unspecialized stem cells are capable of long term self-renewal like parent stem cells. There are two types of stem cells: embryonic and adult stem cells. Also there are some advantages and negative things about stem cells. Stem cells are an important part for living organisms for serval reasons. Blastocysts are 3 to 5 day old embryo. They encompass the whole body including specialized cells and organs. Adult stem cells focus more on the cells that need to be replaced that were injured, diseased or worn out. Adult stem cells are rare and hard to isolate and grow. Embryonic stem cells are fairly easy to grow in a lab. The unique abilities stem cells offer is potentially treating diabetes and heart disease. There is still a lot of work that has to be done by the clinic and laboratory to understand how these cells can be used for cell based therapies to help treat disease. Since stem cells are unspecialized, they can give rise to specialized cells including nerve cells, blood cells and heart cells. This process...
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...NUTRITION 121 HUMAN NUTRITION LABORATORY BACKGROUND AND METHODS MODULE #1 BODY COMPOSITION Late Labs: 10 point deduction! A report submitted >1 week late, will receive 0 points for the lab!! Written and edited by: Karon Felten and Nutrition 121 TA’s With Special Thanks to: Chris Pritsos Ph.D. Nutrition Department Chairman ABSTRACT: In nutrition, there are many factors that influence an individual’s health and body weight, such as heredity, food selection, eating behaviors, and physical activity. Scale weight is not always a good indicator of body fat, lean mass, body water or overall health (1). This laboratory experience will give students the opportunity to conduct physical assessments by evaluating body weight and body composition. To determine body weight and body composition, techniques such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, wrist circumference for determining frame size, and a scale will be utilized. Students will also evaluate their own risk for cardiovascular disease and assess cardiovascular health in volunteers by measuring heart rate, filling out a heart disease risk score form, and estimating oxygen consumption and energy expenditure through a technique known as the Queens College Three-Minute Step Test. BACKGROUND: Your body is made up of the six essential nutrients: water, fat, protein, carbohydrates and various vitamins and minerals. Many factors can influence an individual’s...
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...Chapter 2 Total health and fitness lifestyle benefits What Is Total Health and Fitness? The term total health (wellness) and fitness may be defined in a variety of ways. The most commonly used definition incorporates 5 areas- the mental, emotional, spiritual, social and physical. Although each area is important to your total health and well being, in this text we will only emphasize the physical characteristics of total health. However, since no single area can stand fully separated from the rest, we will discover how small parts of each area are inevitably intertwined with each other. When defining physical fitness, two terms are commonly used: health related fitness, and athletic performance related fitness (also referred to as motor, or skill fitness). The components of these two types are as follows: Health related fitness • Cardiovascular endurance • Muscular strength • Muscular endurance • Muscle and joint flexibility • Body composition (lean mass vs. fat mass) Athletic Performance Related Fitness (motor or skill fitness) • Cardiovascular endurance • Muscular strength • Muscular endurance • Muscle and joint flexibility • Body composition • Coordination • Speed • Agility • Power • Balance • Reaction time • Neurological efficiency Although the five components of health fitness are included in athletic fitness, the additional athletic...
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...teams. How to play the game There are two sets of cards. Set 1 contains 5 cards with a description of a patients pain. Set two also contains 5 cards with a description of pain The goal is to match each card in set one with the correct type of pain in set two. Team 1takes game set 1cards with the description of a patients pain. Team 2 takes game set 2 cards with the type of pain. Goal: Team 2 will match each type of pain to the patient description by asking each member of team 1 questions about their pain and through this assessment will determine what pain type they are experiencing. The game ends when each game card in set 1 is matched to the correct game card in set 2. Game Card Set 1 Patient Profile Presenting Complaints and Symptoms o 19 year old male with complaints of dull pain around navel that has been getting progressively worse. Also has been experiencing nausea and occasional vomiting and constipation. Exam Findings o Abdominal guarding and rebound tenderness o Sudden onset and worsen with coughing Diagnosis: Appendicitis Game Card Set 2 Type of Pain Acute Pain Definition: Pain that starts suddenly and is very sharp. It can be a warning of a disease or from a result of trauma. It can also occur with certain events such as: Surgery Broken bones Dental work Burns or cuts Labor and childbirth Game Card Set 1 Patient Profile • Presenting symptoms: 45 year old with herniated...
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...Dialysis case study A 66-year-old black male was seen by his primary provider for complaints of fatigue, anorexia, swelling of hands, face, and ankles, muscles cramps, and increased difficulty breathing. He has a 3-year history of poorly controlled hypertension related to non-adherence to the medical regimen. His B/P routinely runs in the range 155-165/92-102. His B/P today was 170/105. The client does not like to take pills and feels that they are not necessary. He also has been reluctant to modify his diet and likes to eat fried foods. He does not think his eating habits are causing any problems. Because of these symptoms, the client was admitted to the hospital for treatment and further evaluation. His lab values and renal studies confirmed the diagnosis of end stage kidney disease. Because of the severity of his problems, he was started on hemodialysis. What is the likely cause of his kidney failure? Explain your answers His kidney failure is caused by uncontrolled blood pressure and lack of treatment compliance. When you have uncontrolled high blood pressure it affects the kidneys because the blood vessels narrow and stiffen causing the nephrons in the kidney to work harder. Eventually if hypertension is left untreated it can lead to end stage renal disease because the nephrons in the kidney are no longer able to filter out the toxins such as nitrogen waste which builds up in the blood. They also are unable to maintain fluid or electrolyte balance. Eventually...
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