...After watching the tutorials at the end of our lecture, I have found that there are more types of power then I thought of previously. Some of these seem to be effective, while others seem to be less effective. The ones that I find to be the most effective are Referent and Expert powers, I think it is much benefit in a hardworking approach to power, such as with the referent form of power. You can ensure that things get done in an easy and fair manner. Also with the expert form of power, you ensure that you are also on top of the situation, regardless of the surrounding factors, such as people or other stresses. I would like to believe that I have these types of power, but more commonly in my job, I use legitimate power. In most of the time at work I have to be the one to tell all my fellow employees what to do and how to meet our boss demands, therefore meeting our deadline of work is the most important part. Overall I am seen as the authoritative type of management but my boss is more uses of the coercive form of power, which I think is probably the least effective type. It almost makes me want to perform at a lower level when being treated in that way. When he does use this form of power, there are times where I do use some expert power by not responding in a negative way to his coercive attitude. Being aware of these types of power can able to help me identify which types of method I should use when I am the regarding situations, and it also helps me with my leadership skills...
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...There are five types of powers that managers can use to influence their subordinates: coercive power, reward power, legitimate power, expert power and referent power. Different types of powers can be used in different situations. Some leaders prefer to use certain type of power more often than others. At my restaurant, I will lead my team by exerting mainly referent, reward and legitimate powers. I will also use expert and coercive powers in some seldom situations. I believe in leading by example therefore I would prefer to use referent power whenever it possible. For instance, if I ask my servers to use trays to bring their drinks to the customers I will make sure that I do the same thing. Nothing can be worse than say one thing and do another. I will show employees my respect and concern for their personal needs and will ask them to do things that I will be willing to do myself. Being a role model means doing the right thing and following your own rules. If people would respect and trust you, they would work harder and would need less supervision. Reward power can be used to motivate and encourage employees. For example, to boost wine sale I will offer reward to the waiter who will sell more bottles of wine than anyone else. I will also verbally praise my staff for doing the right thing on the daily bases and will give annual raise base on employees’ performance appraisal. I will use legitimate type of power when hiring employees, making their schedule and performing their...
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...Type A and B Personality Types Mariana Puche Los Angeles Southwest College Health 11- Principles of Healthful Living Priscilla Watkins March 4, 2012 While conducting research on stress related heart disease, Cardiologists Friedman and Rosenman acknowledged two basic personality types, Type A personality and Type B personality. Type A personality is described as “being extremely competitive, achievement oriented, hostile, aggressive, and as exhibiting a sense of urgency” (Goethals, 2004, p.1189). People with type A personalities often come off as aggressive because of their mannerisms and their competitiveness. They are loud and quick in their speech, they are very rigid, and they judge themselves very harshly. They seek to always be engaged and stimulated and are often perfectionists. They are very different than Type B personalities. Type B personalities are “characterized by a more calm and even-tempered demeanor… Type B individuals show more muscle relaxation and lower levels of activity and alertness” (Darity, 2008, p.224). Type Bs are less angry and aggressive and more tolerant and understanding of others. They also tend to be less stressed which equates to them having lower incidence of Coronary Heart Disease. I would classify myself as a Type A personality. I am ambitious, competitive, and a perfectionist. My ambition is a positive stressor because it fuels me to work my hardest, Reference Darity, W. (2008) Personality, Type A/ Type B. In International...
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...The definition I have determined that defines a data type is different types of data that will include a range of value or a specific type of data in a storage formant. A variable that is stored as data in a computer program has to be a specific data type. There are many different types of data that includes dates, values, numbers, and characters to name a few. Different data types can be used by a large number of database applications. A specific kind of data is usually required in certain fields of a database. For example, if a business has a database for all the employees a different data type would be used for each kind of data. The start date for an employee could be stored in a date format, but a wage/salary amount would be stored as an integer. If database types are kept the same in all the records then the applications are easily search, compare, and sort different records. Data typing is important if you want to keep a business managed. Data entry is important because it is a way of organizing data that keeps a business well managed. Data entry is very important if you want to manage information and records in a computer software program. Data entry assures accuracy of company’s data and all information keeps up to date. Accuracy is very important in data entry validation. Validation of data entry will reduce the problems of inaccuracy if incorrect data is input. When creating a data entry the format for each field can input. The date, time, number, character, etc...
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...June is being treated at the hospital for severe wounds after a car crash. Although June has Type B blood, she is given Type O blood. During transfusion, the blood of donor and recipient is categorized into following types: A, B, AB and O. This classification is based on the presence or absence of protein agglutinogens or antigens in the blood. In type A and type B blood, antigen A and B is present, respectively. In type AB both antigens A and B is present while, in type O blood, neither of these proteins exist. In the absence of antigen A, Red blood cells develop Anti-A antibodies known as agglutinins. Same happens in the type B as the absence of antigen B cause the production of Anti-B Antibodies in the plasma. In this case, Anti-A antibodies are present due to the lack of antigen A and presence of antigen B on the surface of red blood cells. Type O blood contains no antigens that is why it develops anti-A and anti-B agglutinins or antibodies. Finally type AB blood contains A and B antigens, so not any antibodies or agglutinins. Antibodies are gamma globulins produced by bone marrow and lymph gland cells that produce antibodies against any antigens. Most of the antibodies are IgM and IgG immunoglobulin molecules (Klein & Anstee, 2008). Infusion of blood with any group antigen like type-A in a recipient with blood group-B, as in the case of June, cause a typical immune response. This response against antigen A makes much stronger Anti-A antibodies and at a greater quantity...
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...Different Types of Friend; classification essay Anyone who has spent time with friends will notice that each one has a special personality all of their own. Friends, have different traits that make up their personalities. We have researched this phenomenon in detail and classified friends into different categories. The three categories that most notable with have been named “honesty”, “loyalty”, and “care.” Friends actually may have similar interest, but this way there are the way they interact and show their up personality type. The first personality type is called “honesty”. These actions mean the honesty friend is easy to keep our secrets. They usually adapt to their experience and are generally cheerful. An honest person always gives us the truth statement even if it’s not always what you want to hear. As long as you close with this person, you will feel comfort because the lies aren’t good in your friendship. The next notable is “loyalty” type. These are the more quiet and shy friends but in their physical they have a big loyal to you. They don’t care how rich or poor you are, how bad or good you are, they just comfort to be friend with you. They always accompany you if you have trouble in your life, and generally they also will solve your problem. In this type, they will never let you down when you when times are hard. They may be what you call a best friend. The last type is “care”. A care person expresses their type with pay some attention. whether you are happy...
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...Types of Restaurants Definitions and Examples of Restaurant Concepts By Lorri Mealey, About.com Guide Today there are many different types of restaurants, from fast food to family casual. Here is a brief overview of some of the more popular restaurant concepts. Fast Food Restaurant Fast food is the most familiar restaurant to most people. Chains like McDonalds and Burger King became popular in the 1950s, and helped spawn countless other concepts like Taco Bell, KFC and In&Out Burger. Fast food service attracted customers for its speed and convenience. Fast food restaurants are typically chains. If you are thinking of opening a fast food franchise, keep in mind that the initial costs of franchising are more expensive than opening an independent restaurant. Fast Casual Dining This is one of the biggest trends right now. Fast casual is slightly more upscale than fast food. Fast casual restaurants offer disposable dishes and flatware, but their food tends to be presented as more upscale, such as gourmet breads and organic ingredients. Open kitchens are popular with fast casual chains, where customers can see their food being prepared. Boston Market is classified as fast casual. Café A café is a restaurant that does not offer table service. Customers order their food from a counter and serve themselves. A café menu traditionally offers things such as coffee, espresso, pastries and sandwiches. Cafes originated in Europe and are strongly associated with France. They are known for...
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...A lot of us want to set up a business. A business that will bring to them good profits, but to set up a successful business except from the benefits or services you will be provide, you must chose what type of business organization is the best for you. There are plenty types of organizations that you can chose, let see some of these types below. Sole trade Sole trade is a type of business that anybody can set up very easy. Sole trade organization has only one owner. This business can trade under the owner name or under the business name for example Chris Brown or Fish Center but the owner must be careful because the name of the business must not be register already by another business because if its register may be have problem with them. On the other hand there are some other registrations words like “Royal”, “Authority”, “International” you can not use them if you haven’t got proper entitlement. The owner name must appear on the business stationery. As all the business sole trade have advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are that is very simple to set up this kind of business because of the reason we say before and there are not any legal fees in sole trade. Also you need much fewer regulations concerning accounts. The owner is free to take any decision he want alone and he don’t need to ask nobody else like other organization which are more than one owners. At last the biggest advantage is that the owner can enjoy all the profit of the business for himself. ...
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...What is business? An organization or economic system where goods and services are exchanged for one another or for money. Every business requires some form of investment and enough customers to whom its output can be sold on a consistent basis in order to make a profit. The purpose of business? The purpose of a business is to offer value (through products and/or services) to customers, who pay for the value with cash or equivalents. The aim of businesses is to make profit and to grow. There are 3 business sectors in the UK, these are Private, Public and Voluntary sectors. Types of businesses in UK? The private sector has different categories which are sole traders, partnerships, companies and franchises. A sole trader is a type of business entity that is owned and run by one individual and in which there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business. Being a sole trader is considered the simplest way to run a business as it does not involve paying any registration fees. You must register as self-employed, keeping records and accounts is straightforward, and you get to keep all the profits. The difference is that you are personally liable for any debts that your business runs up, which can make this a risky option for businesses that need a lot of investment. Examples of sole traders are plumbers, electricians etc. These can even be small web based businesses or home based business. Sources of Advantages *The firms are usually small, and easy to set...
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...Holland's Six Personality Types According to John Holland's theory, most people are one of six personality types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. The characteristics of each of these are described below: Realistic • Likes to work with animals, tools, or machines; generally avoids social activities like teaching, healing, and informing others; • Has good skills in working with tools, mechanical or electrical drawings, machines, or plants and animals; • Values practical things you can see, touch, and use like plants and animals, tools, equipment, or machines; and • Sees self as practical, mechanical, and realistic. Investigative • Likes to study and solve math or science problems; generally avoids leading, selling, or persuading people; • Is good at understanding and solving science and math problems; • Values science; and • Sees self as precise, scientific, and intellectual. Artistic • Likes to do creative activities like art, drama, crafts, dance, music, or creative writing; generally avoids highly ordered or repetitive activities; • Has good artistic abilities -- in creative writing, drama, crafts, music, or art; • Values the creative arts -- like drama, music, art, or the works of creative writers; and • Sees self as expressive, original, and independent. Social • Likes to do things to help people -- like, teaching, nursing, or giving first aid, providing information;...
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...Personality Types This world is a unique place. The people who live in this world also have unique characteristics. Every single person is different from physical appearances to personalities. Even identical twins who have identical physical appearances may not have the same personality types. Psychologists have used a variety of personality tests to identify a person’s personality type. Frank Farley, the president of the American Psychological Association, coined his own terms for how different types of people engage the world. There are two types of people: Type-T and Type-t. Type-T personalities are willing to take risks, challenges, and changes. Type-t personalities are not willing to take risks, dislike the unfamiliar, and like the predictable. The society needs different personality types in order to function properly. Not everybody has the potential to be a Type-T person. However, Type-T people are needed in our society. There need to be people who are willing to take the risks and challenges in order for the economy to grow, new technologies to be invented, and new measures for government to enact in order to make changes. For example, one needs to be very brave to be a police officer. If nobody in a society is willing to take the risk of being in danger or getting killed, then there would not be any police officers to enforce the laws, catch criminals, or protect the citizens. A society without any police is hard to imagine. First of all, crime rates may increase...
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...There are many legal forms of businesses that can be selected when a new business is being established, or a previously established business is considering changing legal form. These legal forms of business each have innate advantages and disadvantages related to legal liability, taxes, continuity, and control. The legal forms of business include: sole proprietorship, general partnership, limited partnership, C-corporation, S-corporation, and Limited Liability Company. Other forms of business include: family limited partnership, professional partnership, professional corporation, and personal services corporation, but for the purposes of this document we will include only the most common and appropriate. We'll discuss the characteristics of each of these legal forms of business below. Sole Proprietorship: Sole Proprietorship is the most common form of business in the United States. This is most likely due to the ease with which this form of business can be established. In the United States more than 17 million companies are operated under the form of sole proprietor, this equates to approximately 73 percent of all businesses in this country. Sole Proprietorship is an unincorporated form of business which can be established simply and with very few legal formalities. Local permits and licensing are all that would be required in order to establish a sole proprietorship, unless the business intended to operate under a name other than that of its owner. A sole proprietorship can...
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...Type I error (or, error of the first kind) and Type II error (or, error of the second kind) are precise technical terms used in statistics to describe particular flaws in a testing process, where a truenull hypothesis was incorrectly rejected (Type I error) or where one fails to reject a false null hypothesis (Type II error). The terms are also used in a more general way by social scientists and others to refer to flaws in reasoning. This article is specifically devoted to the statistical meanings of those terms and the technical issues of the statistical errors that those terms describe. Statistical test theory In statistical test theory the notion of statistical error is an integral part of hypothesis testing. The test requires an unambiguous statement of a null hypothesis, which usually corresponds to a default "state of nature", for example "this person is healthy", "this accused is not guilty" or "this product is not broken". An alternative hypothesis is the negation of null hypothesis, for example, "this person is not healthy", "this accused is guilty" or "this product is broken". The result of the test may be negative, relative to null hypothesis (not healthy, guilty, broken) or positive (healthy, not guilty, not broken). If the result of the test corresponds with reality, then a correct decision has been made. However, if the result of the test does not correspond with reality, then an error has occurred. Due to the statistical nature of a test, the result is never...
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...Sole Proprietorships The vast majority of small businesses start out as sole proprietorships. These firms are owned by one person, usually the individual who has day-to-day responsibilities for running the business. Sole proprietors own all the assets of the business and the profits generated by it. They also assume complete responsibility for any of its liabilities or debts. In the eyes of the law and the public, you are one in the same with the business. Advantages of a Sole Proprietorship: * Easiest and least expensive form of ownership to organize. * Sole proprietors are in complete control, and within the parameters of the law, may make decisions as they see fit. * Sole proprietors receive all income generated by the business to keep or reinvest. * Profits from the business flow directly to the owner's personal tax return. * The business is easy to dissolve, if desired. Disadvantages of a Sole Proprietorship: * Sole proprietors have unlimited liability and are legally responsible for all debts against the business. Their business and personal assets are at risk. * May be at a disadvantage in raising funds and are often limited to using funds from personal savings or consumer loans. * May have a hard time attracting high-caliber employees or those that are motivated by the opportunity to own a part of the business. * Some employee benefits such as owner's medical insurance premiums are not directly deductible from ...
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...Positively, different people react in different ways when they are under stress. Furthermore, a person’s personality plays a substantial role in how an individual reacts to stress. For example, an individual with a type A personality has the drive to be number one, with an insatiable drive to succeed. Additionally, the type A is easily angered and continuously grapples with individuals, and takes on more than they can handle with not much relaxation (Manning, Curtis, McMillen & Attenweiler, 2011). Moreover, type A behaviors are competitive; they are concerned with the attainment of possessions, aggressive, and suffer from an embellished sense of time urgency (Gulzar & Khalid, 2016). Consequently, the type A personalities work against impracticable...
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