...TYPES OF RESEARCH The different characteristics of research: Research May be Applied or Basic The purpose of applied research is to solve an immediate, practical problem. Basic Research (Pure) adds to the existing body of knowledge; doesn't necessarily provide results of immediate, practical use. Research May be Obtrusive or Non-Obtrusive Obtrusive research - where the researcher introduces conditions that influence participants. Where the researcher manipulates the environment. Non-obtrusive research - where researcher avoids influencing subjects in any way and tries to be as inconspicuous as possible. 2 Four Main Types of Research Historical research - describes what was-mostly nonobtrusive Descriptive research - describes what is-mostly nonobtrusive Correlation research - makes comparisons, looking for trends or tendencies Experimental research - describes what will be - mostly obtrusive 3 Historical Research A systematic process of searching for information and fact to describe analyze or interpret the past Value-can provide prospective for decision making about current problems -issues are often better understood if we understand the historical perspective Sources-must have good backed sources to protect from criticism -most common sources are past records Descriptive Research Describes, interprets, and clarifies what in the present -often done with surveys -may be done by observation or an observational instrument Developmental...
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...Types of Research Types of Research Advantages of Questioners Practical, large amounts of information can be collected from a large number of people in a short period of time and in a relatively cost effective way, Can be carried out by the researcher or by any number of people with limited affect to its validity and reliability, The results of the questionnaires can usually be quickly and easily quantified by either a researcher or through the use of a software package. Can be analysed more 'scientifically' and objectively than other forms of research. When data has been quantified, it can be used to compare and contrast other research and may be used to measure change Advantages of Focus Groups A focus group is a useful method that can be used to measure the reaction of customers to a company’s new product or to the company’s strategies. Focus groups usually provide immediate ideas for the improvement of particular products or concepts. They also help identify the product requirements of end users as well as other needs not addressed by the company and its competitors. In addition the focus groups provide insights on the current position of the company’s competitors in the mind of the customer, as well as measuring the reaction of customers to a product’s design, packaging, price and message. Advantages of Internet Research Internet research is a useful method of research for a company, the main advantage is that it’s faster for the company to obtain without hassle...
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...ijcrb.webs.com SEPTEMBER 2010 VOL 2, N O 5 INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS The Impact of Information Technology (IT) on Decision-Making Process in the Public Sector Dr. Mohamad Noor Al-Jedaiah Assistance Prof. Abstract M.I.S Department Al Ahliyya Amman University This paper aims to identify the impact of information technology on the decision-making process in the public sector. By citing international experiences (The Taxation System in Europe Union) and the Solid Waste Association of North America as case studies, the most important findings were: (a) Public sector has to gather complex information through using technological equipment and software. (b) Public sector organizations can build their own information systems. (c) Information systems provide a significant help to the decision maker, and enable to exchange information with other governments. Keywords: Impact , Information Technology (IT) , Decision-Making Process ,Public Sector 1. Introduction Nowadays, organizations, individuals and the whole society are effected by the information and communication revolution, in their thinking manners, doing things, leadership styles of businesses, and even their life style. Organizations, either in the public sector or private sector are working to achieve their planned objectives through implementing strategies and plans that enable them to achieve these goals efficiently. Information now is available to any user in a wide range;...
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...Chapter 5 The Components of Language and Reading Instruction Multiple references have been made in preceding chapters to the use of “balanced” reading instruction in studies of reading instruction. Prior to describing the components of reading, an introduction to the components of language that shape that foundation is warranted. Components of Language Reading would not exist without the human capacity for language. Because the components of language and their associated terminology align with our demarcations for many of the elements of reading, they are described briefly in this section. Linguists have identified five basic components (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics) found across languages. Language acquisition progresses across these components with increasing quantity (e.g., sounds, words, and sentence length) and gradual refinement, and understanding of the subtler and more complex points of usage (e.g., using “taught” rather than “teached”). Readers are encouraged to explore the literature in the field of language development to better understand and appreciate the oral language skills students may bring to the reading process. Speech and language pathologists are a great resource for identifying resources in this area and assisting in determining whether a child’s language skills are developing normally and providing support when assessment and intervention may be required. Phonology The study of speech structure within a language...
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...Feasibility Studies In order to make wise investments in a marketplace experiencing increasing levels of risk, companies are turning to feasibility studies to determine if they should offer new products, services or undertake a new business endeavor. The purpose of a feasibility study is to determine if a business opportunity is possible, practical and viable. When faced with a business opportunity, many optimistic people tend to focus on just the positive aspects. A feasibility study enables a realistic view at both the positive and negative aspects of the opportunity. A feasibility study is an important tool for making the right decisions. A wrong decision often leads to business failure. For example, only 50% of start-ups are still in business after 18 months and only 20% are in business after 5 years. Feasibility studies are useful when starting a new business or identifying a new opportunity for an existing business. Ideally, the feasibility study process involves making rational decisions about a number of enduring characteristics of a project, including: * Definition of the project; * Current market segmentation; * Projected growth in each market segment; * Current market offerings; * Customer profile(s); * Estimation of customers/revenues; * Determination of competitive differentiation and advantage(s); * Vision/mission statement; * Definition of proposed operations/management structure and management methods; and * Financing and projected...
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...The responsibility of law enforcement is to protect and serve the community as well as make sure the law is obeyed by all citizens. In many instances, civil order is implemented by specialized units. The objective of this assignment is to discuss how the United States handles issues relating to civil order control. In addition, this paper will compare and contrast procedures utilized by other countries. Functions of civil order in the United States are outlined by enforcing the laws of the land, protecting the civil rights of citizens and protect federal property (Feaver, Hikotani, & Narine, 2005). By enforcing the laws, the United States assume the responsibility keeping order in the world. Keeping order assist in the protection of the civil rights of citizens and federal property. Examples of organizations created to implement civil order in the United States are the U.S Department of Homeland Securities and the National Guard. The purpose of the U.S. Department of Homeland Securities is to protect the country the various threats. In response to the 9/11 attacks on U.S. soil, this department was created to respond to terrorist attack, human attacks and natural disasters. Some of the department jobs include aviation, border security, emergency response, cybersecurity and chemical inspections (Homeland Security, 2011). It main is to provide safety for the American people on American soil. The purpose of the National Guard is to supply defense for the United States...
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...4 Types of Research Theories CRJS430 – 1104A – 01 Unit 1 IP Charlotte Cordova October 6, 2011 American Intercontinental University Abstract In this paper, I will discuss the four types of research theories – deductive, inductive, grounded, and axiomatic. I will also discuss why and how these theories are used, and which is the most relevant, or most important. I will discuss the differences and similarities in theory and hypothesis. I will also discuss variables, and why they are important components of theoretical research. Four Types of Research Theories When doing research, it is important to first have your idea, or subject you will be researching. Once you have chosen the subject, then the research begins. There are so many places to go to use as sources. There are books, articles in magazines or newspapers, interviewing sources, and the ever growing internet. Personal experiences are another great way of getting information for your research. There are many ways to obtain information for your subject, but deciding on the subject to research is the first step. Then you need to decide how narrow or wide-ranged your topic is going to be. One example is Crime Scene Forensics. Will the paper be done on the entire subject of forensics, or will it be narrowed down to one element of forensics, such as DNA testing, or maybe ballistics? This is a decision that you will make before you start researching the subject. A very intelligent instructor, said...
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...discuss the four types of research theories – deductive, inductive, grounded, and axiomatic. I will also discuss why and how these theories are used, and which is the most relevant, or most important. I will discuss the differences and similarities in theory and hypothesis. I will also discuss variables, and why they are important components of theoretical research. Four Types of Research Theories When doing research, it is important to first have your idea, or subject you will be researching. Once you have chosen the subject, then the research begins. There are so many places to go to use as sources. There are books, articles in magazines or newspapers, interviewing sources, and the ever growing internet. Personal experiences are another great way of getting information for your research. There are many ways to obtain information for your subject, but deciding on the subject to research is the first step. Then you need to decide how narrow or wide-ranged your topic is going to be. One example is Crime Scene Forensics. Will the paper be done on the entire subject of forensics, or will it be narrowed down to one element of forensics, such as DNA testing, or maybe ballistics? This is a decision that you will make before you start researching the subject. A very intelligent instructor, said to choose something that interests you and the researching will be a lot more interesting and fun to do. I think this is a very good concept to remember about research, and can also...
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...The Relationship Between Theory And Research An excerpt from .awcett, J., and Downs, .. (1986). The Relationship of Theory and Reseach. Norwalk, CT: Appleton Century Crofts. [.awcett & Downs teach in a School of Nursing and their examples involve topics of interest to nurses. Your humble instructor has modified this excerpt slightly to maintain terminology consistent with the social sciences]. 1 The close connection between theory and research was implied in the discussion of their functions. Stated explicitly, the initial impetus for research is the search for theory. Theory development relies on research, and research relies on theory. Brown (1977) characterized the relationship between theory and research as a dialectic, a transaction whereby theory determines what data are to be collected and research findings provide challenges to accepted theories. 2 Research, then, is neither more nor less than the vehicle for theory development. It is the method used to gather the data needed for the theory. This is true whether the purpose of the research is to generate a theory or to test one. When the purpose is theory generation, the phenomenon of interest suggests things to look for. .or example, if a theory of clients perceptions of factors influencing their adherence to a nursing care plan were to be generated, one source of data would be clients perceptions of why they were willing and able to follow the care plan. Conversely, if the purpose is theory testing...
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...Definition of Marketing Research: Marketing research is defined as the systematic and objective identification, collection, analysis, and dissemination of information for the purpose of assisting management in decision making related to the identification and solution of problems (and opportunities) in marketing. 1) Identification: Involves defining the marketing research problem (or opportunity) and determining the information that is needed to address it. 2) Collection: Data must be obtained from relevant sources. 3) Analysis: Data are analyzed, interpreted, and inferences are drawn. 4) Dissemination of information: The findings, implications, and recommendations are provided in a format that makes this information actionable and directly useful as an input into decision making. Classifications of marketing research.: 1) Problem identification research: The goal is to identify existing or potential problems not apparent on the surface. Examples include market potential, market share, market characteristics, sales analysis, short-range forecasting, long-range forecasting, and business trends research. 2) Problem solution research: The goal is to solve specific marketing problems such as segmentation, product, pricing promotion, and distribution research. Steps involved in the marketing research process: 1) Problem definition: Defining the marketing research problem to be addressed is the most important step because all other steps will be based on...
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...Student Name Farina Syed Research Type True Experiment Reference (Harvard Format) 1. 1.Bordone, L, Cohen, D, Robinson, A, Motta, M, Van Veen, E, Czopik, A, Steele, A, Crowe, H, Marmor, S, Luo, J, Wei, G, & Guarente, L 2007, 'SIRT1 transgenic mice show phenotypes resembling calorie restriction', Aging Cell, 6, 6, pp. 759-767, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 16 October 2015 SUMMARY: IN YOUR OWN 50-100 WORDS and complete sentences, describe What This Article Was About And The Main Findings. Use PAST TENSE and PASSIVE STYLE (no pronouns). Cite Reference with (1). Researcher produced mice that overexpress the sirtuin, SIRT1. Transgenic mice had been produced by cracking SIRT1 CDNA into the β-actin locus. Mice those were homozygous...
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...Samantha Parker October 9, 2014 Personality Type Traits of an ENFP The results of my personality type assessment were ENFP which means extroverted, intuitive, feeling, and perceiving. After doing some research I realized the characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses were a very accurate judgment of my personality. It’s interesting that when a few simple questions are answered the consummation can sum up an entire personality of an individual. Some of the characteristics of my personality type include impulsive, creative, impatient, enthusiastic, procrastination, and animated. Some good and some not so good but in all it describes me. My mother has told me my entire life that I’m animated. She used to tell me to try and talk with my hands behind my back as a joke and I would actually stutter and fumble my words. I find it impossible to speak without my body especially my hands. I’m very impulsive and this seems to go both ways with me. For instance I might wake up one day and decide that I want to go to the beach and invite my friends and have a random yet memorable outing. Unfortunately I forgot to check my bank account and get to the beach and realize I can’t buy anything. I seem to do a lot of things without thinking them all the way through. I also tend to get bored easy and what was once a project I committed myself to is now left unfinished and uninteresting. Impatience and procrastination are the two that seem to be a downfall for me. You would think an impatient...
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...and over 950, 000 of those affected suffer from Type 2 diabetes. As it has grown to become a common issue affecting much of our society today, it is important to know the effects that food can have on our body, so we are able to avoid or delay this illness. Since recent research in science claims that berries are a diabetes super food, the experiment revolves around the question “What berry is good for the diet of a diabetes type 2 patient?”. Type 2 Diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, affecting 85-90% of those with diabetes. It usually affects older people, but as society has adapted to unhealthy eating habits, people from younger generations are being diagnosed as Type 2 Diabetic. It is commonly known as...
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...1 Main types of market research There are 2 main types of market research, these are primary and secondary research, and they are used to gather information for decision making. 1.1 Primary research This type of research involves gathering data first-hand. It should provide information that is better suited to the specific needs of a business. There are a few methods that can be used to carry out primary research, these are: • Observation • Surveys • E-marketing research • Focus groups • Panels • Field trials • Piloting 1.1.1 Observation This is a cost effective way of collecting data that involves simply watching and recording what happens. The amount of time required to collect data using this method depends on what needs to be done to set up the observation, as well as carry it out and analyse the results. Observation is more suitable for collecting quantitative data rather than qualitative data, this is because this type of method is usually undetected, it records what people actually do. If people are aware that their views and behaviour are being noted, they may be encouraged to act differently and in a certain way, this can then create a more favourable impression of themselves. Observation can only help to reveal what people do, the lack of interaction means that it cannot establish reasons for their reactions or actions. 1.1.2 Surveys Surveys are used to gather primary date either qualitative date or quantitative data. These are often based on...
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...Discuss the research into different types of attachment Attachment promotes survival; babies will always need their caregivers. This is the idea that Bowlby put forward. Bowlby explained the three main ways in which secure attachment provides survival. Firstly, safety results in a desire to maintain proximity ensuring safety of the baby and is reflected by both the infant and caregiver being distressed when separated. Attachment enables babies to form healthy emotional relationships. This is the continuity hypothesis – the idea that there is a direct link between early attachment behaviour and later emotional behaviour. The final way attachment promotes survival is a secure base for exploration. Having an attachment is important for protection. A child can explore the world e.g. when they go school and have a safe haven (a safe place) to come back to for protection and comfort. This will ensure that the child develops well intellectually, socially and emotionally. Bus and Van Ijzendoorn (1988) found that securely attached children showed more interest in written material than did the insecurely attached children regardless of their intelligence and the amount of preparatory reading instruction. Maccoby (1980) argued that you can tell two people have an attachment by looking at their behaviours. There are 4 areas he put forward. The first is seeking proximity. This is the desire of the infant and caregiver to be near one another and spend time together for example playing...
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