...Parenting Styles Infancy and early childhood is one of the most serious and complicated stage of development because in this span of ages, the human being’s world still evolves in its parents’ means of taking care of them. “Each phase of the parent- child interaction can alter the status of the child so that during the subsequent phase of interaction the child stimulates the parent in a different way or reacts differently to parent behavior. In turn, parents discover that previous behaviors are no longer appropriate, and they are faced with finding new ways of guiding and interacting with the child” ( Hamner, 2001). Parenting is a huge responsibility. Some parents choose to practice an authoritative style of parenting. This type of parenting has high control but low responsiveness. Parents are often strict and have high expectations for their child’s behavior. They also value obedience and discipline and sometimes use punishment when their children do not do what is expected of them. The parents that practice this type of parenting do not explain the reasoning behind the rules they set. If the child asks why things and rules are like they are, the parents’ response will simply be because they said so. These parents are “obedience- and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation” (Baumrind, 1991). The product of such parenting is children that are obedient and good student but are also unhappy, anxious, and withdrawn...
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...As a parent, I’ve made it one of my life’s goals to influence my children’s social and instrumental development and influence their outcome into adulthood. Many theories of parenting style have been developed over the years. Diana Baumrind has formed four styles of parenting authoritative, permissive, authoritarian, and uninvolved. Although all categories of parenting are associated with the defined styles of parenting, the outcome of the child is as diverse as the parenting types. Authoritative parenting is an affectionate type of parenting. They do discipline their children and show love for them as well. Douglas Hardwick, Ph.D. has stated authoritative parents “set limits for their children and expect their children, to follow family rules”. Children brought up in authoritative parenting homes have the best outcomes, however; not all children are exposed to this type of parenting. Permissive parents are similar to authoritative parents; however they apply diminutive control in their parenting. Rules may be set but are not enforced which makes the child have “lower impulse control and difficulty handling everyday frustrations” according to Dr. Hardwick. In addition to the permissive style parenting that has little control there is still another style that has no control. Authoritarian style parents follow the “because I said so” ruling. Children do not revolve around their lives. Children from authoritarian parents are more likely to be underachievers in their education...
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...are the kinds of parenting styles that are portrayed in The Breakfast Club? Fortunately, John Hughes was able to implement most of the styles and assign them to every character in the motion picture. Some of the characters share the same style of parenting, but some differ. In this essay, all of the parenting styles and what character(s) it fits will be discussed. The characters are as follows: Brian Johnson, Claire Standish, Andrew Clark, John Bender, and Allison Reynolds. The parenting styles are authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and neglectful/uninvolved. Firstly, I will include short descriptions of the characters in the movie to give insight to the reason for the parenting styles. Brian Johnson is considered the brain. He...
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...There are many different factors that are involved with parenting. Suppose you have a child named Michael who is 13 years old and wants to rent an M-rated video game he has heard about from his friends. The response that Michael receives is strongly influenced by the parenting style his parents use. There are four different styles of parenting; they are authoritarian, permissive, authoritative, and uninvolved/disengaged. Each style of parenting will have different reactions and answers towards Michael’s request. The first type of parenting style is authoritarian parents. Authoritarian parents are “parents who are controlling, punitive, rigid, and cold, and whose word is law. They value strict, unquestioning obedience from their children and do not tolerate expression of disagreement.” (Feldman, 2014). If Michael’s parents are authoritarian parents, it is likely they will be angry and upset with Michael. They will tell him he will not rent the video game, he will be punished for it, and will be told not...
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...The Four Types of Parenting Styles Parents are a huge part of a child's life. However they act, whatever they say, anything that they do largely impacts a child's development from the moment they are born. According to psychologist Diana Baumrind's research, she found that there are four types of parenting styles (Parenting Styles in Psychology, Brittany Olivarez). Through naturalistic observation, parenting interviews, and other research methods, Baumrind identified the following four parenting styles: * Authoritative: democratic style of parenting, parents are attentive, forgiving, teach their offspring proper behavior, have a set of rules, and if child fails to follow their is punishment, if followed their is reward/reinforcement * Authoritarian: strict parenting style, involves high expectations from parents but have little communication between child and parents. Parents don't provide logical reasoning for rules and limits, and are prone to harsh punishments * Permissive: parents take on the role of "friends" rather than parents, do not have any expectations of child, they allow the child to make their own decisions * Uninvolved: parents neglect their child by putting their own life before the child's. They do provide for the child's basic needs but they show little interaction with the child Each of these different parenting styles impacts and influences the development of child. Through Baumrind's observations she found that the most ideal and balanced...
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...Three Patterns of Parenting Diana Baumrind “states that parents should be neither punitive nor aloof. Rather they should develop rules for children while at the same time being supporting and nurturing”. Baumrind defines four parenting styles, which are commonly put into practice. The first of the parenting styles is authoritarian parenting. Authoritarian parenting is highly restrictive and uses firm controls and little verbal communication. When a parent uses this style it causes many negative aspects among children. Children raised in this order have very limited social interaction and very poor communication skills. When a child is raised in this way he or she may be pushed academically but benefit very little socially. This type of parenting is common among cultures of Asian descent and other minorities. As growing up in a asian family, my parents were very strict on education and we were not allowed to hang out with friends. As raising my son, my ex-wife and I chose not to follow that regiment of study and no play rule. The second parenting style is authoritative parenting, which Baumrind strongly supports. This parenting style is a happy medium in which independence is given to the child but some limitations are put into place. Children parented in this manner are more socially capable, self-reliant, and have a high degree of self-esteem. On the other end of the spectrum, neglectful parenting is also commonly used. This parenting type is classified when...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Five: Infancy and early childhood development There are many aspects that influence a child’s development throughout life. Not only does development start while the fetus is growing, but all through life one’s body continues to develop. The beginning stages are the most important stage, this is were a parent needs to understand the physical and mental factors that affect a child’s development is through observation and interaction. Once an infant is born their brain is like a sponge begins to developed mental changes. Family dynamics can have a major effect on how a child matures and develops he or she grows older. The main impact on development, however, is the five senses that are developed within the child’s brain as it develops. A child’s early childhood can be broke down into two separate categories, they are experience-dependent which is known as cultural-bound and experience-expectant which is known as universal (Berger, 2011). Experience-expectant is where the nervous system is expected to develop a particular manner. The right cognitive growth is reliant on the right environmental exposure. In order for the experience-expectant to be in the proper range of growth is there shouldn’t be any kind of fetal damage to the brain. Family can affect the development of infants and young children through language and physical abuse. During infancy children learn by listening and mimicking what they have observed...
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...put the items back. Second, the children would whine and cry and the mother would tell them if they were not silent no one would get anything. Lastly, the mom seemed very frustrated and the children were upset the majority of the time and under distress. They were also at the register in front of me and the little boy asked his mother one last time for candy but she said no in a frustrated voice. This time the children were silent. The mother did not end up letting them have anything from the grocery store. The mother appeared to have an authoritarian type of parenting style. Authoritarian parenting can be defined as: “makes coercive demands and imposes punishments on children in attempts to control their behavior. It provides little warmth or emotional support,” according to the textbook The Development of Children And Adolescents by Hauser-Cram. I came to the conclusion that the mother was displaying authoritarian parenting because she showed no warmth towards her children and the majority of the time the mother was simply telling them no and telling them to sit down in the cart and silencing them. There was neither positive nor negative disciplines given to the children. The textbook also states that children with authoritarian parents tend to “have poor relationships with peers and lack curiosity” (The Development of Children And Adolescents). Children with authoritarian parents have...
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...rearing. Government and social services are essential in providing financial assistance in most of these families. Many of these families are led by single mothers or grandparents. Statistics show that these families may not have financial security and this insecurity is passed from generation to generation. The family may reside in an unsafe area and the school system lacks the materials needed to provide an education strong enough for the children to prepare the children to succeed in higher education. Extracurricular activities, creative or athletic, are not readily available to families from the underclass due to lack of funding and institionalized prejudice. Four types of parenting styles: Authoritative - parenting with a democratic lean. Controlling yet flexible. A "give and take" attitude towards parenting is evident. Rules and demands are rational. These parents are engaged in their children's upbringing. Communication is important. The...
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...Infant & Early Childhood Development Helene M. Taulbee PSY/375 February 7, 2013 Janice Munn Infant & Early Childhood Development Family plays one of the most important roles in the development of an individual from birth and continuing through adulthood. The family unit is the core network that interacts with an individual from the time he or she takes their first breath. This network provides the building blocks upon which the infant will develop relationships, and grow physically, mentally, and emotionally. One of the very first developmental markers for an infant is attachment. This is an emotional tie to particular people that usually spans across the individual’s life, regardless of time and space. The infant’s parents or caregivers usually form the first attachment with the baby. This emotional bond plays an important part in how well the individual develops relationships in the future. If it is a strong, warm, nurturing bond, the individual will most likely feel secure within themselves. If it is a bond that causes the individual to feel insecure, there is a good chance the individual will grow up with low self-esteem and a struggling self-confidence (Berger, 2011). Another area of development that is largely impacted by the family is language. Parents, grandparents, and siblings all have a part in the development of a child’s language. The infant hears many words and sounds expressed by family members long before he or she can actually begin...
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...increase in the interest of parenting. Entering any given bookstore there are shelves lined with books that offer information and advice for parents. In today’s world we are exposed with a growing number of television, magazines, websites online, and other forms that are all devoted to the topic of parenting. Given all the new material out there about parenting some controversy has arose when it comes to the different parenting styles and how they affect children, their development, and even their education. While being a parent can be one of the most difficult jobs a person will ever have. It may be especially challenging when the child is in their adolescent years and the years they spend thorough out school. A preschool aged child’s social emotional development can be influenced in many ways; one of which being the early style in which their parent uses to raise them. (Dewar). A study examined the relationship between social emotional development of preschool aged children and four identified parenting styles. Parenting style has been found to predict child well-being in the areas of social competence, academic performance, psychosocial development, and behavior problems (Baumrind). Most parents want their children to become independent, productive and able to cope with the world. Since the 1950s, researchers have studied the effects of various influences in young people’s lives, including parenting (Long). There are many different ways of parenting children. Some are more...
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...INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLES ON SOCIAL SKILLS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM INTRODUCTION There is a great agreement among developmental psychologists that parenting styles have important implications for child development (Darling, et al, 1993). Child rearing or commonly known as parenting is a complex activity that includes many specific behaviours that work individually or together to influence child outcomes. The relationship between a student and his or her parents has been noted to have an influential impact on not only the student performance in school but also in his/her life generally. Parenting styles have been analysed and grouped by educationists. Numerous studies such as Baumrind, (1991), Maccoby & Martin, (1983), Mandara, (2006) and Micki, (2008), have shown that the parenting style experienced by children contribute in no small measure to the moulding of the behavioral pattern generally and specifically, the social skills and academic performance of the children. Miki (2008) noted that the relationship between parenting styles and their children's social skills and academic performance has shown that parents can have a dramatic impact on their children’s performance, often resulting in a vast improvement. Also, though; not as preventing, it is also shown that parents can have a powerful impact on their children's behaviour in the classroom and at other...
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...generally the same throughout the course of ones life. Self-esteem can involve a variety of beliefs about the self, such as the judgement of ones own appearance, beliefs, emotions, and behaviors. Self-esteem sets it’s foundations in our childhood and develops throughout our lives. There are four distinctive parenting styles that reflect ourselves later in life. The types are Authoritative parenting, Authoritarian parenting, Permissive parenting, and Neglectful parenting. Authoritative parenting is a style where the parent(s) have a lot of emotional support with firm limits on what their child can and can’t do. This parenting style has a high acceptance of their children as well as high control. Authoritative parenting is shown to have produced people with high self-esteem and shows that it could also reduce adolescent smoking and drinking (Piko and Balázas, 2012). Authoritarian parenting style refers to having very strong rules, limits, and restrictions with a distant emotional support system. These types of parents are very strict and are limited with showing emotions and connections to their child. This is an example of what most people call “tough love”. Permissive parenting is described as having high emotional support with few or...
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...immediately and primarily exposed to their family following childbirth, so there is no surprise that this will have an effect on development. With the absence of an instruction manual, parents often raise their children in ways that they deem fit. Considering the diversity amongst parents across the globe, environmental and cultural cues play a role in the development of children down to the smallest details. Certain cultures place more emphasis on certain aspects of development that influence parenting techniques. A study was conducted observing parents that demonstrated proximal interaction with their children, and distal interaction. Women from Cameron, Africa had more of a proximal relationship with their infants, providing them with more physical touch than the use of objects. Mothers from Athens, Greece had more of a distal relationship spending half as much time physically holding their infants and more time using objects. According to (Berger, 2007) “Researchers hypothesized that proximal parenting would result in toddlers who were less self-aware but more compliant—traits needed in an interdependent and cooperative society such as rural Cameroon. By...
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...Helicopter Parenting Is Harmful to Children In recent years, there are more and more people beginning to discuss parenting. According to research, there is an extreme concept of parenting called “hovering parent” and “helicopter parent.” For this kind of parenting, children are living and controlled by an authoritarian approach. Their parents try to involve and interfere in the children’s life. The parents hover over their children and don’t give any freedom and leisure time to them. Some of hovering parents can’t even tolerate their children to make a tiny mistake and punish them for ridiculous reasons such as playing a wrong note on piano or getting a wrong answer on an exam. Therefore, the majority of people start to blame this type of parenting and try to convince people that helicopter parenting is harmful to children because it restricts children’s free will and development of a sense of independence. In order to help children develop their problem-solving skill and motivation in life, helicopter parents should stop restricting their children’s free will and give them more space and time. For instance, when I was studying in junior high school in Taiwan, my mother thought that I didn’t have ability to study alone and maintain my grade point by myself. Therefore, she found a lot of private tutors to substitute for her and told them to keep my grade point around A+. She considered that my grade point was the most important thing in my life during that period. Consequently...
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