...classified the different types of societies into six categories, each of which possess their own unique characteristics: 1. Hunting and gathering societies 2. Pastoral societies 3. Horticultural societies 4. Agricultural societies 5. Industrial societies 6. Post-industrial societies Hunting And Gathering Societies Hunting and gathering societies are the earliest form of society. The members survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing, and gathering edible plants. A majority of the members' time is spent looking for and gathering food. A hunting and gathering society has five characteristics: 1. Family is the society's primary institution. Family determines the distribution of food and how to socialize children. 2. These societies are small compared to the others. They generally have less than 50 members. 3. Hunting and gathering societies are nomadic, which means that they move constantly in order to find food and water. 4. Members of hunting and gathering societies are mutually dependent upon each other. 5. Although there is equal division of labor among the members of hunting and gathering societies, there is division of labor based on sex. Men are responsible for hunting and women are gatherers. Pastoral Societies Pastoral societies began around 12,000 years ago. These societies rely on products obtained through the domestication and breeding of animals for transportation and food. Pastoral societies are common in areas where...
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...ESSAY British type of multicultural society In less than three decades «multiculturalism» has become a world immediately recognized by policy makers, social commentators, academics and the general public in Western industrial countries, if not elsewhere. Britain is not an exception. In this case it is necessary to discuss pluses and minuses of multicultural society. The UK has welcomed newcomers for centuries. It is a mixture of diverse ethnic groups, each with their own distinct culture and sometimes their own language or religion. In my point of view, there are more negative sides of multiculturalism in the UK than benefits. One argument in support of my opinion is the fact that multiculturalism in Britain causes immigration crime and terrorism. At the beginning of the 21st century, the multiculturalism started to be seen from race relations to religion, religion is clearly seen in a cultural context. All this led to numerous acts of terrorism and crimes based on religion. Also the widening gap in cultures has caused more segregation and fear in many communities, and has created more radical organizations which are visible on both sides. Also it is a well-known fact that the UK is a prime example of realization of the model of "hard" multiculturalism: the country has not only developed and actively implements a broad system of measures to support national minorities to preserve their identity, culture, traditions and customs. But also has adopted a number of laws to prevent...
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...1.4 Types of Computer in our Society 1. Analog Computers Analog Computer is a computing device that works on continuous range of values. The results given by the analog computers will only be approximate since they deal with quantities that vary continuously. It generally deals with physical variables such as voltage, pressure, temperature, speed, etc. 2. Digital Computers On the other hand a digital computer operates on digital data such as numbers. It uses binary number system in which there are only two digits 0 and 1. Each one is called a bit. The digital computer is designed using digital circuits in which there are two levels for an input or output signal. These two levels are known as logic 0 and logic 1. Digital Computers can give more accurate and faster results. Digital computer is well suited for solving complex problems in engineering and technology. Hence digital computers have an increasing use in the field of design, research and data processing. Based on the purpose, Digital computers can be further classified as, * General Purpose Computers * Special Purpose Computers Special purpose computer is one that is built for a specific application. General purpose computers are used for any type of applications. They can store different programs and do the jobs as per the instructions specified on those programs. Most of the computers that we see today, are general purpose computers. 3. Hybrid Computers A hybrid computer combines the desirable...
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...the types of institutions which comprise the emerging global civil society. What is their potential for contributing to ‘globalization with a human face’? Essay Number: 707004 Word Count: 3491 I. Introduction While globalization processes have propelled the world into an era of shrinking borders, rapid technological advances and intensifying connectedness, global civil society has risen at an equally rapid pace. Though global civil society is not a new phenomenon, the realm has become increasingly compelling in light of the explosion of civil society institutions that constitute a truly global sphere (Falk, 2000). By 2002, more than 30,000 international nongovernmental organizations existed alongside more than 20,000 global civil society networks, ninety percent of which had emerged during the previous three decades (Edwards, 2002). As numbers continue to increase, the true estimate of global civil society institutions is likely in the millions (Matthews, 2003). The growth of global civil society in the era of globalization leads naturally to questions regarding the institutions included in this sector and their contributions to the processes of globalization. Consequently, this essay will review the institutions that comprise the emerging global civil society and critically assess their potential to promote ‘globalization with a human face’, as defined by the 1999 United Nations Human Development Report. Many global civil society actors...
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...that many types of punishments in regards to someone who commits a crime don’t necessarily have long term effects. In other words, the punishment used in American society has not deterred crime. There are four types of punishment used in American society which are: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and societal protection. There have been many research studies that described the results of each one. The first type of punishment which is called retribution can be described as the belief of doing unto them as they have done to others. Many consider this as the old saying of an “eye for an eye,” and example of punishments of these includes death penalties, life sentences, or other forms of capital punishments. Though there are a lot of controversies about this type of punishment, there are still others who still believe this kind of punishment. It is by far the oldest form of punishment to date and still considered popular today. The effects can be damaging nonetheless to everyone involved in this process. The families of the victim(s) and the offender all grieve however judges and the authorities might justify the punishment as a way of making sure one hundred percent that the criminal will never commit their viscous act. Retribution usually happens when the offender is a serial murderer or someone else who has killed many people and is threat to society as a whole. Many opinionated researches believe this type of punishment sends a mix signal to society that revenge...
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...XCOM 100 Week 8 Assignment-Advertising in Society Paper Get Tutorial by Clicking on the link below or Copy Paste Link in Your Browser https://hwguiders.com/downloads/xcom-100-week-8-assignment-%E2%80%8Eadvertising-society-paper/ For More Courses and Exams use this form ( http://hwguiders.com/contact-us/ ) Feel Free to Search your Class through Our Product Categories or From Our Search Bar (http://hwguiders.com/ ) Advertising in Society Paper XCOM/100 Without advertising and marketing, users wouldn’t be persuaded to purchase that is why advertisement these days has played a huge role in modern society. Everywhere you look, advertising and marketing leaves behind a trace of its original influences. Whether it’s the jeans you put on, what you had for lunch time or the automobile you drive, an advertisement most probably persuaded you to spend your money. Depending on a Circuit City commercial, the normal person is exposed to nearly three thousand types of advertising and marketing daily. The same manner in which mass media of social communication has huge impact so does advertising and marketing which uses the mass media as a driving force in being convincing and dominating in certain behaviors in society. Advertisers are often criticized for the lengths at which some advertisements stretch the moral problems of being misleading and offensive. One might say that these types of criticisms are validations for the stereotypes we try so desperately to overcome...
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...Groups are the essence of life within society. We become who we are because of our membership in human groups. The essential feature of a group is that its members have something in common and that they believe that what they have in common is significant. To understand this complex group called “society”, sociologists have identified five types of societies that have developed throughout the course of human history. In this thread, I will focus on three of them. The first type of society was the Hunting and Gathering society. In this society, the men hunt large animals and the women usually gather edible plants, fruits, and other foods found growing in the wild. The first social revolution was based on the domestication of plants and animals. This resulted in the development of the pastoral society that concentrated on the herding of animals and the horticultural society that specialized in planting and harvesting crops. The second type of society was the Social Revolution society-which included agriculture. This revolution started more than 10,000 years ago, when nomads started to get tired of moving from place to place. Therefore, they started to establish themselves and started to cultivate and domesticate plants and animals. For example, they developed new tools such as the cultivation hoe to create more complex irrigation systems. As these new tools started to emerge, food production increased resulting in food surpluses. These extra food surpluses led to the establishment...
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...diversity today. (24 marks) In today's society, there are various alternatives from the typical family type. The top examples of these are lone-parent, cohabitation and reconstituted. But there are also some others such as same sex couples, single parent and multi-cultural families. There has been a decrease in the number of nuclear families in the UK and an increase in various other families such as single parent families. But the raise in single parent households has to do with the increase in divorce across the UK which means that more people are left having to support their children on their own unless they become a reconstituted family. Functionalists are classed as modernists when it comes to their opinions on family diversity in post-modern UK. But they also see modern society as clear-cut, fixed and predictable. They think that the best and strongest family type is the nuclear family. The main functionalist who is focused on is Parsons. He came up with the functional fit, which is where pre-industrial society and the extended family changed into industrial society and the nuclear family. He also believes that the nuclear family meets all of society’s needs the best unlike any of the other diverse family types which society has to offer. Functionalists see all other family types as inadequate, abnormal or deviant. This shows that they don’t think that any other family type other than the nuclear family will benefit society and help to achieve the best it can. Functionalists...
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...sociologist to our understanding of the family Functionalists believe that society is based on a value consensus into which society socialises its members, which enables to cooperate harmoniously and meet society’s needs and goals. Functionalist’s sees that society is made up of a range of different sub-systems which depend on each other, and that society needs these functions or order for survival and is vital towards society. Functionalists see the family as a very important sub-system, as it raises and teaches children norms and values. According to Peter Murdock, he argues that the family performs four main functions to meet the needs of society and the members of society. One of the functions is the stable satisfaction of the sex drive, this is husbands and wives having sexual access to each other and that this maintains stability and limits sexual access of other members of society as you are with the same person. The second function is the reproduction of the next generation, this function is based on bearing and raising children and to provide the society with new members and take on the responsibility as parents to raise them and without this function society would not be able to continue. The third function is the socialisation of the young/educational function this is transmitting norms and values of the younger members, as without this function the norms would disrupt the stability of society. The last function is meeting its members’ economic needs, this are factors...
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...Personality Types This world is a unique place. The people who live in this world also have unique characteristics. Every single person is different from physical appearances to personalities. Even identical twins who have identical physical appearances may not have the same personality types. Psychologists have used a variety of personality tests to identify a person’s personality type. Frank Farley, the president of the American Psychological Association, coined his own terms for how different types of people engage the world. There are two types of people: Type-T and Type-t. Type-T personalities are willing to take risks, challenges, and changes. Type-t personalities are not willing to take risks, dislike the unfamiliar, and like the predictable. The society needs different personality types in order to function properly. Not everybody has the potential to be a Type-T person. However, Type-T people are needed in our society. There need to be people who are willing to take the risks and challenges in order for the economy to grow, new technologies to be invented, and new measures for government to enact in order to make changes. For example, one needs to be very brave to be a police officer. If nobody in a society is willing to take the risk of being in danger or getting killed, then there would not be any police officers to enforce the laws, catch criminals, or protect the citizens. A society without any police is hard to imagine. First of all, crime rates may increase...
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...not something you learn in school. But if you haven’t learned the meaning of friendship, you really haven’t learned anything.” – Muhammad Ali. Friendship, a natural presence which society interacts with frequently throughout the day. What “defines” a friend can vary in different answers if given to high school students, from a person who has already graduated college; one of course is more experienced than the other, while the other still is gaining more knowledge . The characteristics of a friend can vary from being honest, respectful, understanding, and to sometimes...being full of life. Aristotle, a greek philosopher claims that there are three type of friendships: Pleasure, which is when both of the friends are in a friendship because of the way they look, Utility when both have attributes that benefit one another…and at last there is the goodness friendship which is when both are friends because both cherish each other’s kindness and try to achieve for kindness(Aristotle..).All three type of...
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...Family diversity is the idea that there are a range of different family types, rather than a single dominant one like the nuclear family. It is associated with the post-modernists idea that in today’s society increasing choice about relationships is creating greater family diversity. The modernist view sees society as having a fairly fixed, predictable structure. The modernists see the nuclear family as being the best as it performs certain essential functions. Talcott Parsons saw that the nuclear family as uniquely suited to meet the needs of modern society for a geographical and socially mobile work force. Also Parsons saw that the family performed two ‘irreducible functions’- the primary socialisation of the young and the stabilisation of adult personalities. These functions contribute to the overall stability and effectiveness of society. The New Right has an anti-feminist and conservative view on the family; they are firmly opposed to diversity within family life. The New Right sociologists hold the view that there is only one normal family type; this is the traditional patriarchal nuclear family consisting of a married couple and their dependent children. The New Right sees this family type as being natural based upon the fundamental biological differences between men and women. These sociologists would argue that family diversity is the cause of many social problems, such as education failure and high crime rates. The New Right believes that lone-parent families...
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...1) What is "culture"? Culture refers to a society that carries (a sum total of) common ground: behavior, objects, space, beliefs and shared values, among others. All of which is transferred from one generation to another, like a pattern or design of behaviorisms and the like. [ *material culture & non-material culture] 2) What are the characteristics of culture? Culture is learned. People learn and acquire other people's behaviors and practices, on purpose or not, because of their exposure to one another. This creates a common ground amongst a particular society. Culture is a concept that concerns itself with the whole group, pertaining to it's behavior and traits. Culture is shared. Learning mannerisms from one to another, even sharing material things, the entirety of society connects to one another and interacts. Culture is transmitted. Since a member in society learns something from another member, and teaches something to another member, one can conclude that culture is something that in transmitted. Culture is ever-changing. Culture evolves as it learns and adapts, although at different times and speeds and situations. Culture is liked to the past. Since culture changes, it needs to have a beginning to change. Society as well, it's members as it replaces and creates new members, takes in what they learn from the past and apply it to the present for the future. *Types of Culture Material Culture: From material culture we understand material...
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...Consider Emile Durkheim’s approach to the study of suicide. Why does he associate egoistic suicide with modern society and altruistic suicide with pre-modern suicide? Emile Durkheim goes to great lengths in this article to describe the many different types of suicide and how they affect society. He believes that social influences have a large part to play with suicide rates in different countries. He looks to take the matter away from the individual and focus on how and why suicide rates among different classes, genders, and age groups are similar throughout different countries. Durkheim goes on to discuss the different reasons why people may commit suicide. These include people been over- integrated into society or altruistic suicide, under integrated into society or egotistic suicide, having too much moral regulation or fatalistic suicide and having too little moral regulation or anomic suicide. This assignment will discuss all these different factors and will comment on why Durkheim associates different types of suicide to different types of suicide. Durkheim defines suicide as “The term suicide is applied to all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or a negative act of the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result” (E. Durkheim, suicide: A Study in Sociology, pg 214). A positive action like shooting or stabbing oneself is the same as refusing to eat food knowing that you will die as a direct result of your actions or non actions...
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...which society socialises people, this enables society to get along and meet society’s needs. Functionalists believe that the family is regarded as a basic building block of society. George Murdoch (1949) argues that the family performs four essential functions to meet the needs of society and its members. These functions are; economic needs, reproduction, primary socialisation and sex.He do believe that these goals should be reached within a nuclear family and that’s the best way to do it. However, some sociologists would argue that these needs can be met in other ways than within the family. For example, other family types such as an extended family or institutions such as the Kibbutz in Israel can be used for primary socialisation and economic security. Other needs such as reproduction and sex can also be prostitution and other things. Marxist and Feminist sociologists have criticised Murdoch’s theory. They say that Functionalism ignores conflict and exploitation within society. Feminists see the family as being patriarchal and serving the needs of men and Marxists see the family as meeting the needs of capitalism and not the needs of the family members. According to Parsons there are two types of society, pre and post-industrial. Parsons argues that when britain began to industrialise from the 18th century onwards then the extended family became redundant and made way for the nuclear family. Parsons believes that this change happened because the needs of the society changed...
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