...U.S. Military Spending and its impact on the Economy’s GDP Matthew Magana Abstract This paper examines whether increases in military spending have a positive or negative impact on the U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The paper focuses on the three North American economies: Canada, Mexico and the United States as models to develop a case. It will also illustrate the utilization of multiple economic tools to produce variable outcomes to analyze the full spectrum of economics. It will also discuss the multiple statistical models such as Granger causality and Vector autoregression and the asymmetric results produced. Increased U.S. Military Spending and its impact on the Economy Given the long-accepted, theoretical direct relationship between investment and economic growth, if defense spending has a negative impact on investment, then it would seem reasonable that defense spending would have an adverse impact on economic growth. This was exactly the findings of two studies published in the seventies, zymanski (1973) and Lee (1973). Some studies attribute the negative effect of defense spending on economic growth to reduced investment. Another study argues that defense spending restricts export growth and economic growth because military expenditures compete for the same resources used in the production of exports. Which may also be a understood trade off for military spending vs. export and economic growth. However, other studies were unable to find any stable...
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...Shylinda Graystreete Dr.Davis - Unit 2 Individual Project 29 July 2012 Expected U.S. GDP growth rate going forward The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a major factor that shows how the economy will either get better or worse. The GDP is how we can measure the spending and production of the U.S. The GDP is a total measurement usually calculated quarterly (Russell, 2012). These calculations show change to the economy even if products and services increased or decreased, According to Russell, (2012) regardless of changes in the purchasing power of the currency. There are many things that affect our economy such as international debt, increase in taxes, the effect to interest rates, the rise in unemployment, the poor failing real estate market, lack of investing, lack of spending by consumers, which is directly affected because of lack of employment. Some believe that the economy will eventually recover. This may be a slow process, however. Those in the business world believe this will most likely put inflation at a standstill. (TBQ, 2012). It is predicted that the GDP will continue to go up and down for years to come as the US tries to recover from the economic slump that it has found itself in unless congress and the president can pull us out. There are three different methods of determining GDP. The first one is estimating each industry’s gross output or production (Wells and Krugman, 2009). Second would be to measure income (Wells et al). Third would be expenditures...
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...1 1.a) Units of Price of Nominal GDP Real Year Stuff Produced Stuff GDP Deflator GDP 2003 500 $20 $10,000 95.2 $10,504 2004 520 $21 $10,920 100.0 $10,920 2005 560 $24 $13,440 114.3 $11,759 Nominal GDP = (Units Produced in a Year) x (Price in a Year) Price Deflator = Ratio of Price in Each Year to Price in the Base Year, multiplied by 100 (Note: The Price Deflator for the base year is given to be 100.0) Real GDP = (Nominal GDP for Year t) x (Deflator in Base Year) / (Deflator for Year t) The numbers you calculated may differ slightly due to rounding. b) Growth Rate of Nominal GDP between 2004 and 2005: (13,440 / 10,920) - 1 = 0.2308 or 23.08% c) Inflation Rate between 2003 and 2004: (100.0 / 95.2) - 1 = 0.0504 or 5.04% d) Annualized Growth Rate of Real GDP between 2003 and 2005: (11,759 / 10,504)1/2 - 1 = 0.0581 or 5.81% Note that the 1/2 power is used because the growth took place over two years, and you want to "annualize" the growth. That is, you want to compute how fast real GDP would have to grow each year to reproduce its actual growth over the two-year period. 2a) Here is a table with the 2010 data obtained from the FRED database (http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/). From the FRED home page, follow the links to “Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Components” and then “GDP/GNP.” The quarterly nominal GDP figures are designated by the series ID “GDP.” You can take real GDP directly from the variable “GDPC1” (one...
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...contributes more GDP-the production of an economy car or the production of a luxury car? Why? The luxury car because the luxury car cost more and therefore increases consumption and it reduces the net port because the car is imported 4. Many years ago Peggy paid $500 to put together a record collection. Today she sold her albums at a garage sale for $100. How does this sale affect GDP? The sale from Peggy selling her record collection at a yard sale is not included in GDP. GDP measures the value of production that takes place within a specific interval of time, usually a year or a quarter. 5. List the four components of GDP. Give an example of each. The four components of GDP are 1) consumption- Spending on Households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing. 2) Investment-the purchase of goods that will be used in the future to produce more goods and services. 3) Government Purchases-Spending on goods and services by local, state, and federal government 4) net exports- Spending on domestically produced goods by foreigners (exports) minus spending on foreign goods by domestic residents (imports). 6. Why do economists use real GDP rather than nominal GDP to gauge economic well being? Because by evaluating current production using prices that are fixed at past levels, real GDP shows how the economy’s overall production of goods and services change over time. 8.Why is it desirable for a country to have a large GDP? Give an example...
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...Abstract This assignment studies the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), U.S. manufacturing employment trends, and the state of Illinois employment trends in order to forecast company sales over the next few years. Specifically, this paper analyzes the GDP and the employment trends over the past four years. It also discusses the effect GDP has on the U.S. economy (such as inflation) and how technology and the lack of skilled labor have affected the employment trends. Statistics will also be shared showing the change in GDP and the different employment trends. The consumer price index over the last four years will also be examined to measure the pace of inflation. Keywords: gross domestic product (GDP), employment trends, inflation, consumer price index (CPI) Taking it to the Net So how do you forecast a company’s sales for the next two years? What kind of data do you review to make an educated forecast? A company’s future sales can be determined by many different factors, some of these factors include: the gross domestic product in the United States, employment trends in the manufacturing industry and the consumer price index. The state of Illinois’ employment trends will also be discussed and what economic changes have inclined the changes in them. Government bureaus such as the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics have created countless databases to disclose all of this information to the public. So what do these factors mean...
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...to become of the United States if President Obama cannot get us out of the recession? EXPECTED U.S. GDP GROWTH RATE GOING FORWARD The gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate is an important indicator of the U.S. economic health. The slope of the yield curve – the spread between long and short - term interest rates – is a good predictor of future economic activity. As these slopes shift, you will get periods of high and low growth in GDP. There are three different methods of determining GDP. The first one is estimating each industry’s gross output and subtracts intermediate inputs from other industries to derive each industry’s residual value-added, which is sometimes called the production approach (Wells and Krugman, 2009). The second method is the income approach, which measures the income earned by the different factors of production (Wells et al). The third method is the final expenditures approach, which shows what is happening across different types of spending throughout the economy, usually done annually (Wells et al). The calculation is GDP = C (Consumption) + I (Investment) + G (Government production) + X (Exports) – I (Imports) (Wells et al). The three methods of measuring the GDP must carry out the same result, in other words the total value of the production, the total value of the incomes and total value of the expenditure must be equal. According to the Bureau of...
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... Price of pineapples $10 $10.50 $11 75 85 90 $15,000 $16,000 $15,500 50,000 60,000 45,000 $4 $4.50 $5 a) Using 2009 as base year, calculate nominal and real GDP per capita for 2009, 2010 and 2011. b) Keeping 2009 as base year for prices, compute Utopia’s inflation rates for 2010 and 2011 using both the CPI and the GDP deflator. When calculating the CPI, assume that the representative consumer purchases in any given year 10 T -shirts, 1 car and 100 pineapples. c) Explain why the computed inflation rates are not the same when u sing the two different methods. 2. For this question assume that we are within the short -run goods market framework developed in Chapter 3 in Blanchard. Suppose that the economy is characterized by the following behavioral equations: Note that in this economy investment, I, depends positively on output, Y. This mirrors the fact that firms in the real world will increase their investment expenditure on capital goods when sales are picking up. a) Write down and graph the supply and demand functions for the economy’s goods market. When drawing the goods market diagram, make sure to accurately label the intercepts and slopes of both fu nctions. Econ 301B Winter 2012 b) Solve for the following variables: equilibrium GDP (Y), disposable inco me (YD), consumption spending (C)...
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...How Exports impact GDP Tiffany Cook March 19, 2015 Econ 214 (gwartney, 2015) “Gross domestic import is the market values of all final goods and sales” There are various factors that make up the subcategories of the United States, Gross domestic product. This definition tells us how we ultimately arrive at a calculations of the gross domestic products, but it does not shed light on the economies output and input and the benefits or setbacks each service may have. Some ways that we can look at expenditure approach is to know the wealth of what our goods and services can provide, also how these goods and services can be a come up or a setback dependent upon what we do more of. The expenditure approach allows us to see what our consumers have been benefiting from with the goods and services that have been provided to them by the US. Foreigners make up a portion of the GDP with imports, but in order for us to be on the winning side we would have to provide other countries with more of our products for them to buy or consume. Therefore the greatest impact on GDP is what we export in order to gain a profit from the consumer. If we were the consumer we would be looking to do the same. The economies main goal is to make the money and keep more of it. Exports allow us to do more of that, imports gives us resources to supply the source products for us to export. (Deekay, 2009)States that “export instability stimulates inflation. When inflation rises in a country the products tend...
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...400,000 380,000 Price of 1 Automobile Price of 1 loaf of Bread Price of 1 cup of Coffee Number of Automobiles Produced Number of Cups of Coffee Produced Number of Loaves of Bread Produced 1. Using the year 2007 as the base year, compute the following statistics for each year: nominal GDP, real GDP, the GDP deflator (a Paasche price index) and the CPI (a Laspeyres price index). For the CPI, assume that the representative basket of goods is exactly the one produced in the year 2007 Answer: To calculate nominal GDP for 2007 is $20, 000 ∗ 100 + $1.25 ∗ 400, 000 + $2 ∗ 100, 000 = $2, 000, 000 + $500, 000 + $200, 000 = $2, 700, 000 for 2008 $21, 000 ∗ 120 + $1.50 ∗ 380, 000 + $2.1 ∗ 115, 000 = $2, 520, 000 + $570, 000 + $241, 500 = $3, 331, 500 To calculate real GDP for 2007, since 2007 is the base year real GDP 2007 equals $2,700,000 1 for 2008 just use the 2007 prices $20, 000 ∗ 120 + $1.25 ∗ 380, 000 + $2 ∗ 115, 000 = $2, 400, 000 + $475, 000 + $230, 000 = $3, 105, 000 The amount of stuff produced in 2008, at 2007 prices is the real GDP in 2008 To calculate the GDP deflator in both years simply divide Nominal GDP by Real GDP, so for 2007 GDP def lator 2006 = $2.7 million/$2.7 million = 1 and for 2008 GDP def lator 2007 = $3, 331, 500/$3, 105, 000 = 1.073 For the CPI , just calculate it as a Laspeyres price index so that a0 pat + b0 pbt + c0 pct CP It = a0 pa0 + b0 pb0 + c0 pc0 where a stands for autos and b stands for bread. Since 2007 is the base year the CPI equals one. For 2008,...
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...Econ201 Macro-economy Spring 2013 Wesam Almadani LAG140 Table of Content Overall state of Economy in Saudi Arabia Demographic profile of Saudi Arabia GDP in Saudi Arabia CPI and Inflation Rate in Saudi Arabia Unemployment Rate in Saudi Arabia Economic problems in Saudi Arabia Economy in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia is the largest Arabian Country which is located in southwest Asia. It clenches the largest free market economy in the Middle East and North Africa. The geographic setting of Saudi Arabia provides an easy entrée to export the markets of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Saudi Arabia is an oil-based economy with a robust government control over the main economic activities; it approximately holds 17% of the worlds established petroleum assets. Saudi Arabia grades the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a primary role in OPEC. The petroleum sector alone interprets for roughly 45% of GDP, 80% of budget revenues, and 90% of export earnings. The following shows the demographic profile of Saudi Arabia: Population | 26,939,583 includes 5,576,076 non-nationals | Dependency Ratio | total dependency ratio: 46.9 % youth dependency ratio: 42.6 % elderly dependency ratio: 4.2 % potential support ratio: 23.6 | Population Growth Rate | 1.51% | Net Migration Rate | -0.62 migrant(s) / 1,000 population | Urbanization | urban population: 82.3% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 2.38% annual rate of change...
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...Real GDP vs. Nominal GDP Real GDP is GDP adjusted for changes in the price level and Nominal GDP is GDP expressed at current prices and it is often called money GDP (Gwarthney, pg. 732 & 734). Both the Real GDP and Nominal GDP are from the GDP deflator which is measurements of money and power that are the effects of inflation. The Real GDP is the measurements of significant of price changes and Nominal GDP is the measurements of inflation. We need both Real GDP and Nominal GDP because both plays important roles in the economics system and both are use to keep up with the comparison of years, prices, price index, and real GDP with percentage increases between of the area noted. In my first article, Wall Street Journal, it took place in Japan around the 2000 about the fourth quarter concern because instead of the prices rising they are progressively declining among other nations are excelling. I paid attention in the first 2 quarters real and nominal were the same but on the last two it change the nominal gdp became poorer then the real gdp. In which is bad because the products of goods and services determined the inflation and real growth in which is the numbers economics look for to increase because it’s the profit that counts. I suggest that Japan needed to reevaluate a plan to increase their products and sells so the inflation and real gdp and the nominal which is the money would increase in the world trade sells. My 2nd article of reality of today of 2014...
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...Analysis on M2 & CPI of China, 1990-2014 The chart below demonstrates the broad money (M2) and Consumer Price Index (CPI) of China during the period of 1990 to 2014. The data is picked from the official website of the National Bureau of Statistics of China. (Data source: National Bureau of Statistics of China) According to the graph, both two figures show an uptrend in last three decades, and they shows a positive correlation. The M2 of 1990 was only about 1,500 billion yuan, and it increased gradually in the next decade. The growth rate of the CPI kept raising every year, and after the year of 2008 it witnessed a remarkable rise, reaching at 122,840 billion yuan in 2014, which is 80 times of the figure of 1990. At the same time, the CPI ascended from 216.4 in 1990 to over 600 in 2014. During 1993 and 1996, the increase was apparently more rapid than other years. However, in 2009 the number decreased slightly, and this is the only year in which it goes down. The increase of paper money accelerates the raising speed of M2, and as a result the CPI goes up as well. During 1993 to 1996 the growth rates of CPI were almost 25%, which is incredibly high. Serious inflation was happened around that period, and it turned better between 2000s. In 2010s, however, the bad circumstance seems back again. The amount of M2 rocketed dramatically during the past few years, and it may cause another serious inflation in the near future if the government do not take effective measures...
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...Calvin B. McIlwain Professor Bartels ECO-201 March 28, 2012 Gross Domestic Product The gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the main indicators used to measure the health of a country’s economy. Economists measure growth with changes in real gross domestic gross domestic product (real GDP)---the market value of final goods and services produced in economy stated in the prices of a given year (McGraw-Hill 155). In plain simple terms gross domestic product is the economic report card of the United States. The parts that make up GDP are: Growth where when production and sells are good income is good with a growing economy with total output and total income increasing. Business cycle is the upward or downward movement of the economic activity that occurs around the growth trend (McGraw-Hill 158). The business cycle phases are: The peak, The downturn, The trough, and The upturn Unemployment in where a percentage of people who are fully capable of working but they can’t attain employment. Unemployment is social problem and a government problem. Inflation is a continual rise the price level. The consumer price index (CPI), the producer price index (PPI), and the GDP deflator are all price indexes used faced by producers (McGraw-Hill 158). GDP with its components of growth, business cycle, unemployment and inflation affects everyone in the country. A good report card we will usually see low unemployment and wage increases and a booming economy...
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...to a miller for $1.00. The miller turns the wheat into flour and then sells the flour to a baker for $3.00. The baker uses the flour to make bread and sells the bread to an engineer for $6.00. The engineer eats the bread. What is the value added by each person? What is GDP? Farmer’s VA = $1 Miller’s VA = $2 Baker’s VA = $3 GDP = $6 3. Suppose a woman marries her butler. After they are married, her husband continues to support him as before (but as a husband rather than as an employee). How does the marriage affect GDP? How should it affect GDP? GDP is affected because the husband is no longer employed and GDP will be reduced minus his salary. 4. Place each of the following transactions in one of the four components of expenditure: consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports. a. Boeing sells an airplane to the Air Force. Government purchases b. Boeing sells an airplane to American Airlines. Investment c. Boeing sells an airplane to Air France. Net exports d. Boeing sells an airplane to Amelia Earhart. Consumption e. Boeing builds an airplane to be sold next year. Investments 5. Find data on GDP and its components, and compute the percentage of GDP for the following components for 1950, 1980, and the most recent year available. 50 80 10 a. Personal consumption expenditures 183.4...
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...This report discusses macroeconomic factors that impact both the automotive and health-care industries. Interest rates, consumer price index (CPI), consumer confidence, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), wage rates, and inventory levels impact the macroeconomic environment to influence these industries in the short run. Consumption as a percentage of the GDP depicted in table 1 indicates a continuous declined in consumer spending from 2005 through 2010 and suggests that consumers are becoming more conservative with disposable income spent on elective health-care products and procedures as-well-as new vehicle purchases. As the nominal interest rates indicate in table 2, the FED attempted to encourage consumer spending by decreasing the interest rates to encourage expansionistic economic activity, which would also be a positive influencing factor for both the health-care and automotive industries. The automobile industry is volatile by nature and heavily influence by macroeconomic factors, while the health-care industry enjoys an inelastic environment. Macroeconomic factors influence the health-care industry, it is unlikely essential health-care demand will decrease in the short term; however, elective health-care products and services will likely suffer as will new vehicle purchases as consumers remain conservative. The future is not as bleak as one might anticipate. The automotive industry is traditionally volatile and dependent upon the macroeconomic environment and currently producing...
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