...Drug Development for Melanoma As the director of the drug development unit in a biotech company we are always looking for new drugs to treat a variety of different cancers. There are many things that have to be considered when trying to get a drug to go from being an idea in a laboratory to something that can be used by cancer patients everywhere. The process of getting a drug development can be very lengthy. It could take many years and a lot of money before it could get approved to be used by doctors. In order for a drug to be developed it has to go through many testing periods. In order for a new drug to be taken by people, there must be an application submitted to the Investigational New Drug (IND) to the Food and Drug Administration....
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...Epidemiological information linking type 2 diabetes to AD 16 Insulin-signaling abnormalities in Alzheimer disease affected brain 17 Diabetes drugs in treatment for AD 19 Treatments regimens for type 2 diabetes Mellitus and their potential in treating AD 23 Thiazolidinediones (TZDs). 23 Metformin. 23 Amylin and Leptin analogs. 24 Findings 26 Interpretation of Results 26 Limitations 28 Future Research 29 Conclusion 31 References 32 Abstract Type 2 diabetic drugs could serve as potential in the treating Alzheimer’s disease. AD is a dementia defined by partial or total loss of memory. The risk of development of AD increases with age. Different therapeutic approaches have been employed when it comes to treatment of AD. Results of indicate that diabetic drugs are effective in treating Alzheimer ’s disease. Despite efforts directed at treatment of the condition, the results have not been satisfactory. This could be attributed to the early or late onset of AD pathogenesis while at the same time being underpinned by various mechanisms. There is evidence suggesting the effectiveness of type 2 diabetic drugs in treatment of AD. Research has focused on understanding the possibility of using Type 2 diabetic drugs in the treatment of AD. In this paper, a research review is conducted to expand on the potential use of T2DM diabetic drugs in treating AD. A literature review is being carried out on different papers written by authors. A systematic literature review is conducted...
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...Epidemiological information linking type 2 diabetes to AD 16 Insulin-signaling abnormalities in Alzheimer disease affected brain 17 Diabetes drugs in treatment for AD 19 Treatments regimens for type 2 diabetes Mellitus and their potential in treating AD 23 Thiazolidinediones (TZDs). 23 Metformin. 23 Amylin and Leptin analogs. 24 Findings 26 Interpretation of Results 26 Limitations 28 Future Research 29 Conclusion 31 References 32 Abstract Type 2 diabetic drugs could serve as potential in the treating Alzheimer’s disease. AD is a dementia defined by partial or total loss of memory. The risk of development of AD increases with age. Different therapeutic approaches have been employed when it comes to treatment of AD. Results of indicate that diabetic drugs are effective in treating Alzheimer ’s disease. Despite efforts directed at treatment of the condition, the results have not been satisfactory. This could be attributed to the early or late onset of AD pathogenesis while at the same time being underpinned by various mechanisms. There is evidence suggesting the effectiveness of type 2 diabetic drugs in treatment of AD. Research has focused on understanding the possibility of using Type 2 diabetic drugs in the treatment of AD. In this paper, a research review is conducted to expand on the potential use of T2DM diabetic drugs in treating AD. A literature review is being carried out on different papers written by authors. A systematic literature review is conducted where...
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...The Continuing Evolution of the Pharmaceutical Industry: Career Challenges and Opportunities December 2007 Michael Steiner, CFP®, CPA David H. Bugen, CFP®, MBA Brian Kazanchy, CFP®, CFA, MBA William T. Knox IV, CFP®, CFA, JD Margaret V. Prentice, MBA Lauren Goldfarb Mark P. Hurley Steven E. Cortez Christine L. Boudreaux Benjamin J. Robins Yvonne N. Kanner Shehzad Sippy Adam L. Bartkoski Ana M. Avila RegentAtlantic Capital, LLC Michael Steiner is a Wealth Manager and Principal with RegentAtlantic Capital, LLC, and head of the firm’s Pharmaceutical Executive Services Group (PESG). David H. Bugen is a Wealth Manager and Principal, and Brian Kazanchy is a Wealth Manager. William T. Knox IV is a Wealth Manager and Principal. Margaret V. Prentice is the Chief Marketing Officer and Principal, and Lauren Goldfarb is the Business Development Coordinator. Fiduciary Network, LLC Mark P. Hurley is President and CEO of Fiduciary Network, LLC. Steven E. Cortez is Executive Vice President. Christine L. Boudreaux is Director of Adviser Communications, and Benjamin J. Robins is General Counsel. Yvonne N. Kanner is Executive Vice President and COO, and Shehzad Sippy is a Research Analyst. Adam L. Bartkoski is Director of Adviser Operations and Development, and Ana M. Avila is an Intern. © Copyright Fiduciary Network, LLC, 2007 This material is for your private information, and we are not soliciting any action based upon it. Opinions expressed are our current views only, at the...
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...Issue date: March 2009 Schizophrenia Core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in adults in primary and secondary care This is an update of NICE clinical guideline 1 NICE clinical guideline 82 Developed by the National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health NICE clinical guideline 82 Schizophrenia Ordering information You can download the following documents from www.nice.org.uk/CG82 • The NICE guideline (this document) – all the recommendations. • A quick reference guide – a summary of the recommendations for healthcare professionals. • ‘Understanding NICE guidance’ – a summary for patients and carers. • The full guideline – all the recommendations, details of how they were developed, and reviews of the evidence they were based on. For printed copies of the quick reference guide or ‘Understanding NICE guidance’, phone NICE publications on 0845 003 7783 or email publications@nice.org.uk and quote: • N1823 (quick reference guide) • N1824 (‘Understanding NICE guidance’). NICE clinical guidelines are recommendations about the treatment and care of people with specific diseases and conditions in the NHS in England and Wales. This guidance represents the view of NICE, which was arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. Healthcare professionals are expected to take it fully into account when exercising their clinical judgement. However, the guidance does not override the individual responsibility of healthcare professionals...
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...Over the past several decades, highly skilled professionals have attempted to address several issues regarding antipsychotic drugs used to treat school-aged children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The distribution of these ADHD medications have steadily increased over the years, which has, on one hand, presented a possible solution to the escalating diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and on the latter, brought into question the ethics and effectiveness of these medications. Health officials, parents, and the children themselves struggle to come to an agreement when deciding whether or not medication is the best solution. The Debate Over Medicating Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder In the spring of 2004, Jacqueline A. Sparks, an associate professor of family therapy at the University of Rhode Island, and Barry L. Duncan, a cofounder of the Institute for the Study of Therapeutic Change, investigated the ethics and effectiveness behind the distribution of ADHD medications as a modern treatment method for children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Even though, “appropriate identification and treatment of symptoms for psychiatric illnesses (such as ADHD) during childhood and adolescence is critical” (ScienceDaily). Sparks and Duncan note that, “ADHD is arguably the most controversial topic in recent mental health history. The ADHD diagnosis is not defined by a biological marker (Leo & Cohen, 33), but is...
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...the early 1950s. The various forces affecting the competitive environment of the industry are discussed in terms of origins, immediate past and immediate future (2004 onwards). As a result, the note provides insights into the evolution of barriers to enter and exit the industry for prescription pharmaceuticals, while aiming to help students to recognise how to set boundaries for an industry. This is a detailed industry note on the “ethical” pharmaceutical industry which provides an opportunity to analyse key success factors of major players. The note centres on a descriptive overview of the predominant issues in the three major Triad market areas: the US, Europe and Japan (although major issues in emerging markets are also mentioned). The note covers the overall industry environment with in-depth discussion of the driving forces in the industry such as globalisation (in particular global regulatory issues, changing world demographics and worldwide pricing disparities); development of new technology; the importance of time to market; and amalgamations. The case also examines issues around corporate social responsibility. 2. Position of the Case The pharmaceutical industry case study lends itself to: • assessing an organisation’s competitive environment, using the following analysis frameworks: – PESTEL, – Porter’s five forces, – Scenario planning; • • • discussing issues around co-operation and alliance; establishing the role of critical (winner) products for big drug companies;...
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...alternative sentencing concepts to lessen the burden of overcrowded prison systems. The grants divided in half for building prisons to increase the bed space for violent offenders, and the other half for alternative solutions to incarceration. The incentive funds used for more alternative solutions; prison islands, or barges, or closed military bases. Sentencing Drug Statistics The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) reported four to one ratio of prisoners showed under the influence of drugs, or alcohol while committing the current crime, or at the time of the violation (Langan, P, & Levin, D, 2002). The BJS showed detailed statistics report of 400; 000 people arrested for drugs, or drug-related offenses; 70% sent to state prisons, 40% drug-related offenses, 32% alcohol-related offenses, and 20% other violent crimes. The survey researched by the Department of Justice (DOJ) along with the (BJS) report shows out of 100 inmates surveyed 70%, agreed when doing criminal activity under the influence of drugs or alcohol. These nonviolent, low-level women and juvenile offenders need alternative solutions to incarceration for treatment, and re-training; educational and social skills (Langan, & Levin, 2002). Rehabilitation v Prison Differences The differences between rehabilitation and...
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...Direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs has become a controversial subject. Proponents argue that such communication by the pharmaceutical industry leads to better-informed consumers and improved quality of care. Correctly done advertising can inform the public of certain diseases and Increase awareness about Illnesses. Learning about treatment options can motivate patient to contact their physicians and engage in a more informed conversations about their health concerns. Ads can shape an understanding for symptoms, which increase the likelihood that patients will receive appropriate care for conditions that are frequently under-diagnosed and under-treated. By helping patients identify problems early, Direct-to-consumer advertising can...
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...DRUG DEVELOPMENT SCIENCE Obstacles and Opportunities for Collaboration Among Academia, Industry and Government January 13–14, 2005 Washington, DC David Korn, M.D. Donald R. Stanski, M.D. Editors DRUG DEVELOPMENT SCIENCE Obstacles and Opportunities for Collaboration Among Academia, Industry and Government Report of an Invitational Conference Organized by The Association of American Medical Colleges Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Development Science, at the University of California, San Francisco January 13-14, 2005 Washington, DC David Korn, M.D. Donald R. Stanski, M.D. Editors DRUG DEVELOPMENT SCIENCE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This is the report of a conference convened by the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Food and Drug Administration in response to the FDA white paper entitled “Innovation or Stagnation: Challenge and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Product Development”. The conference was partially supported by the FDA. The AAMC acknowledges with gratitude the additional support provided by Abbott Laboratories, Cephalon, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmith Kline, Merck & Co. Inc., and Pfizer, Inc. The conference planning committee consisted of Drs. David Korn, Joel Kupersmith, Carl Peck, Donald Stanski, and Janet Woodcock. Figures 1 and 2 are taken from the FDA white paper. The back cover composite is derived from charts presented at the conference by Dr. Peter Corr, Pfizer, Inc. The report was designed by Douglas Ortiz, AAMC...
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...optimal treatments based on the context of a patient’s genetic content, other molecular or cellular analysis. The application of genetic information has played an important role in certain aspects of personalized medicine such as pharmacogenomics, and the term was first invented in the genetic background although it has been broadened to encompass a variety of personalization measures [1]. Some use cases of personalized therapies, devices, or technologies that demonstrate...
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...alternative sentencing concepts to lessen the burden of overcrowded prison systems. The grants divided in half for building prisons to increase the bed space for violent offenders, and the other half for alternative solutions to incarceration. The incentive funds used for more alternative solutions; prison islands, or barges, or closed military bases. Sentencing Drug Statistics The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) reported four to one ratio of prisoners showed under the influence of drugs, or alcohol while committing the current crime, or at the time of the violation (Langan, P, & Levin, D, 2002). The BJS showed detailed statistics report of 400; 000 people arrested for drugs, or drug-related offenses; 70% sent to state prisons, 40% drug-related offenses, 32% alcohol-related offenses, and 20% other violent crimes. The survey researched by the Department of Justice (DOJ) along with the (BJS) report shows out of 100 inmates surveyed 70%, agreed when doing criminal activity under the influence of drugs or alcohol. These nonviolent, low-level women and juvenile offenders need alternative solutions to incarceration for treatment, and re-training; educational and social skills (Langan, & Levin, 2002). Rehabilitation v Prison Differences The differences between rehabilitation and...
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...doctor found abnormal clumps and tangled bundles of fibers. The clumps are amyloid plaques and the tangled bundles of fibers are neurofibrillary tangles. These plaques and tangles are two of the main features that accompany Alzheimer’s disease. A third feature is the loss of connection between neurons (nerve cells) in the brain (National Institute on Aging, 2013). Developing some knowledge of what Alzheimer’s disease is will help people understand what the symptoms of the disease are, how the disease is diagnosed and what treatments can be used to help slow the progress of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease: Symptoms The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are tricky and can be easily written off as a sign of aging. It is not so much about what the initial symptom is, but more about how often the symptom takes place. Also it may not be a symptom as much as a sign of the disease. According to the Alzheimer’s Association website (2013), there are 10 early symptoms of Alzheimer’s; the symptoms are memory loss, challenges in planning and...
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...dictionary (2011) a hospital is a health facility where patients receive treatment. Obviously, this definition does not state anything about the kind of treatment, the right or wrong treatment or who does the treatment a doctor, nurse etc. Questions one may not ask oneself till patients receive a wrong treatment. According to a landmark study in 1991 1.3 million injuries occur annually in U.S. hospitals of which 69% are partially due to errors in patient management and 13% of these resulted in a patient’s death (Mcafee, Macgregor, Benari, 2003.) Also the Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts became aware of the landmark study (1991) and is therefore preparing to set up a physician order entry (POE) system throughout their hospital. The labor and delivery ward will first use the POE system. The new POE system will be able to replace paper-based and verbal medication ordering processes with an information system. A doctor will enter the patient’s medication order via the new system, which will next transfer that order to the internal pharmacy. Mount Auburn faces the challenge of how to introduce the new system successfully to its new users. In addition, medical error rates at the Mount Auburn Hospital can be decreased through the implementation of a POE system, because it will improve the communication of the drug order between the physicians, nurses and pharmacist and it can guarantee available drug and patient information. This paper starts by explaining the reasons for...
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...be willing to check and double his own work. Professional Commitments: The goal of a pharmacist is to be a professional part of the health care team working hand in hand with doctors to achieve the use of medications that will improve patient’s quality of life. Doctors tend to look at the whole picture when it comes to treating their patients they tend to rely heavily on the pharmacist for their expertise on how a medication will help or hinder their patient. Pharmacist must be aware of adverse reactions if certain medications can be taken together without causing a negative reaction, can medication slow the disease process, or prevent a disease entirely and what are the risks to patients. These are just a few questions that some doctors have. Professional prospects: People are pro-active when it comes to preventative health services. Pharmacists must face new challenges with more responsibilities and increasing opportunities. In our society today people are living longing and focusing more on their health with an emphasis on demanding sophisticated medications and related products and devices with concerns about improving patient access to healthcare related materials, reassurance of the quality of medications and cost control so all people can afford treatment. Education A Pharmaceutical degree involves six major areas or topics of study that take a person through many years of schooling. The educational requirement is four...
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