...THE EFFECTS OF ROLE PERCEPTIONS ON WORKPLACE CONFLICT The effect of role perceptions and their impact on workplace conflict is examined. The results of a questionnaire study on a full time working employee showed that differences in individual employee role expectations have a direct impact on workplace conflict. A relationship between ambiguous rules and counterproductive workplace behaviours exist. Misinterpreted role perceptions by employees and other stakeholders in the organisation create varied levels of understanding that directly contributes to conflict. The problem of ambiguous or unrealistic role expectations has an increased impact on workplace conflict and in particular dysfunctional workplace conflict. Levels of conflict are identified in relation to role perceptions and are seen as the stressors of conflict which impact on achieving goals that benefit both the individual and the organisation. These findings relate to how well the individual understands their role expectations and how those expectations are also understood by others within the organisation structure is explored. Role perceptions and conflict immediately has its challenges, however with clear expectations and realistic performance goals identified, dysfunctional conflict impacts can be reduced and minimise the effects of wasted resources and effort to achieve organisational objectives. A workplace without conflict is an ideal state of mind, something we all strive for and is rarely achieved...
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...the organization as a method of team motivation, satisfaction and performance. Work design is one method to boost the ubiquitous effectiveness of a team. However, the attitudes, emotions, personalities and values of the individual team members affect the operation and behavior of a team. Understanding, evaluating, and analyzing the attributes of each team members contribute to the work design and team layout of an organization. Team members who are not ecstatic about their job are usually not comfortable with the team concept. Using the emotions, attitudes, values and personalities of employees to motivate their team performance creates a cohesive and progressive team. An analysis of Team C Future Leaders personality tests created a progressive team assessment. The evaluations were used to combine personality traits to create a cohesive and productive team. Their interactive personalities are dreamers that create ideas and persuade others to believe in the dreams. Their outgoing personalities lead marketing, and advertising projects. The members of Team C are interactive which will perform well in those roles. Attitudes Attitudes are individual perceptions on people events or items. Attitudes are either negative or positive reactions. Attitudes contain components which develop their perception, which are cognitive, affective and behavioral. “In order to fully understand attitudes, we need to consider their fundamental properties” (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p74). Analyzing...
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...Communication at Work Professional communication is one of the most coveted skills in the workplace today. The number one cause of wasted work time and effort is poor communication. Poor communication not only contributes to wasted effort, but also causes frustration and poor employee morale in both the workers and managerial staff. Whether we are an individual performer, manager, or Vice President, effective professional interpersonal communication is an essential skill that will both ensure our stability in the corporation and the major indicator for our promotion. In this essay, we will discuss the principles and misconceptions of effective professional communication in the workplace, explain how perceptions, emotions, and nonverbal expression affect interpersonal relationships, and describe a systematic approach to guide us through interpersonal conflicts in the workplace. Principles of Professional Communication In today’s troubled economy, corporations are basing their future success and longevity on their business principles, conduct, and reputation. To build a solid reputation, they focus on integrity, business ethics, and a code of business conduct designed to make them stand out above the competition. The same basic principles hold true for the successful employee workforce. With interpersonal communications skills being one of the most coveted skills in the workplace today, each employee must focus on improving in this area. Integrity, respect, openness...
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...managers and other executives use to promote employees in an organization. From this author’s understanding, this article for this assignment was written to dispel “disconnects [that] occur in part due to differing view of why one was promoted and other were not.” (Service 2008). This article also proffered a revised formula consisting of 30 factors that, though not dispositive when taken individually, with a totality of the factors, can determine why someone is and is not hired. This article and its authors, also present the idea that the 30 factors, moderates, and other dependent variables can be used in conjunction with the HRM Model in order to produce the best work environment and promoting structure possible. Some of the 30 factors presented by this article are: hygiene factors, mindsets, past job performance, having an influential mentor or sponsor, etc., that are considered independent variables (IV) that are essential to a promotion. In addition to the 30 independent variables, they are moderated by things such as industry, timing, level of position, and location-culture-internal and external. When a manager or person in charge of considering a promotion, by applying the “promotions as a function of formula” principles, both the person being considered and the one considering can put themselves in a better position and understanding of the ability to be promoted by understanding these concepts. In addition, this author believes that the author of the article made an...
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...disciplines to the OB field: Organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science that is built upon contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines. Psychology is the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. it may be the mental and behavour characteristic of an individual or group Sociology is study the social system in which individuals fill their roles; that is, sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings. Social psychology is the area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another. it deal with the fulfilment of social needs in a phycological sense of interpretations.it cause different socio phycho conditions and affaire for the modificationof OB. Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. we also define anthropology as "science of human beings especialy of their environment and social relations and there culture" environment play a pivotal role in the improvement and modification of OB Political science is the study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment. Management Functions (Henry Fayol) Planning: A manager must determine what the organizations goals are and how to achieve those goals. Much of this information will come directly from the vision and mission statement for the company. Setting objectives for the goal...
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...the value of having employees work in teams (Robbins &Judge, 2011). Companies who have choose teamwork, have expressed that the performance and work production have increased. Team work can improve job satisfaction and achievement for employees. An example of this, working in teams improves employees’ performance and also makes the work enjoyable to them. The biggest advantage of working in teams is the workload is shared among the team members. Team members will create a plan for positive influence. This plan will discuss the differences in attitudes, emotions, personalities, and values as well as how these differences influence behavior positively in a business setting. The plan will also adopt a plan for increasing motivation, satisfaction, and performance in a team. Attitudes, emotions, personalities, and values are different with each team member. Recognizing the strengths, weaknesses, values, and personalities can help in determining what each team member can provide and how each team member can motivate each other to complete the task. Motivation, satisfaction, and performance are necessary in a business setting. Motivation is the process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence (Robbins & Judge, 2011). The way employees feel about their job determines how motivated they are. When employees are satisfied on their job, productivity increases. To keep employees motivated, managers must be fair at work, and promote equality, and diversity...
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...Organizational behavior process in the workplace includes knowledge of the understanding of perception and its link to learning, emotions and attitude, and organizational culture. With perception and learning these two primary activities in human behavior are important aspects in the workplace. These elements are always around us; how one is perceived is a major factor in the workplace. In society there is a process on how we break ourselves and others down by belonging to different societal groups like culture, gender, or profession. Human being inherently want to feel good about themselves even in the workplace and associate with the groups that tend to make them feel that way. Through the use of interactive learning tools such as training, meaningful interaction, and accountability employers are minimizing the biasing effects of stereotyping and making to wrong judgments based on perception. “Organizing people and objects into preconceived categories that are stored in our long term memory” (McShane & Von Glinow, 2010, p.70). A final perceptual activity about a person can influences their behavior to act in a consistent manner with those beliefs. There are perceptual errors found in the workplace which managers must strive to minimize perceptual biases by improving perceptions through empathy and self-awareness. There are three fundamental ways in which we learn: behavior modification which is learning through reinforcement, social learning theory which is learning...
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...organizational effectiveness depends on the organization’s capacity to acquire, share, use and store valuable knowledge. 7. Absorptive Capacity – The ability to recognize the value of new information, assimilate it and use it for value-added activities. 8. Intellectual Capital – A company’s stock of knowledge, including human capital and structural capital and relationship capital. 9. Human Capital – The stock of knowledge, skills and abilities among employees that provides economic value to the organization. 10. Structural Capital – Knowledge embedded in an organization’s systems and structures. 11. High Performance Work Practice (HPWP) – A perspective which holds that effective organizations incorporate several workplace practices that leverage the potential of human capital. 12. Stakeholders – Individuals, organizations, and other entities who affect or are affected by the organization’s objectives and...
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...consist of internal subsystems that transform inputs to outputs. Internal Subsystems Effectiveness According to the open systems perspective, an organization’s effectiveness isn’t just its fit with the external environment. Effectiveness is also how well the company internally transforms inputs into outputs. organizational efficiency The amount of outputs relative to inputs in the organization’s transformation process. structural capital Knowledge embedded in an organization’s systems and structures. relationship capital The value derived from an organization’s relationships with customers, suppliers, and others. high-performance work practices (HPWP) A perspective which holds that effective organizations incorporate several workplace practices that leverage the potential of human capital. stakeholders Individuals, groups, and other entities that affect, or are affected by, the organization’s objectives and actions values Relatively stable, evaluative beliefs that guide a person’s preferences for outcomes or courses of action in a variety of situations. ethics The study of moral principles or values that determine whether actions are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad corporate...
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...from traditional trait leadership to modern multifaceted type leadership (Hellriegel and Slocum 2011). Hellriegel and Slocum (2011) believe that leadership is learnt and not taught. This study seeks to supplement the role of a manager with guidance in organizational behaviour. The framework of learnings and models identified in this document provides a manager with some of the tools that are needed for him to influence employees to achieve optimum performance and attain the organizational goals. The models are adapted from theory and research done by various scholars. The guidelines provided herein include: • Individual differences • Perception and attributions • Motivating employees • Learning productive behaviour. A manager must possess six competences to effectively apply the learnings and techniques in the workplace. These competences are self-competency, diversity, across cultures, communication, teams and change. Competences provide the foundation for an individual in the performance of his role in the organization (Hellriegel and Slocum 2011). 2.0 Individual differences Individual differences are the ways which makes each person differ from each other. Individual differences include the following attributes; physical, intelligence, personality, attitudinal and emotional. These individual differences affect behaviour and ultimately job performance (Mullins 2007). 2.1Intelligence Based on studies conducted by various researchers intelligence is a significant...
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...Emotional Intelligence and its Role in the Workplace Lori Shick Bryant & Stratton College Principle of Sociology I Professor T. Sedor April 9, 2011 Emotional Intelligence and its Role in the Workplace Emotional intelligence (EI) brings together emotions and intelligence by looking at emotions as valuable sources of knowledge that can help with the perception and management of one’s emotions and the emotions of others. Psychologists Peter Salovey and John Mayer formally define emotional intelligence as “the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings, to discriminate among them, and use the information to guide one’s thinking and action.”(Mayer & Salovey, 1990, p. 189). Emotional intelligence is different from intellectual intelligence (IQ) because it can be developed and improved through training, coaching, and feedback (Goleman 1998, p.). A person with high EI can manage his or her own impulses, effectively communicate with others, solve problems and deal with stress well, which is what gives a person the ability to be successful in both their personal and professional life. Although there are many factors that affect an individual’s professional life, emotional intelligence plays a critical part in relating to and managing relations with others. More specifically, emotional intelligence contributes to effective leadership. Emotional intelligence is based on a set of four complementary abilities that process emotional information. These four abilities...
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...you about the motivation in the workplace. In order to have success in the workplace todays workplace, you have to have an understanding of how to establish morale that will produce high results from employees and overall company results. Motivation is the key to for any business that wants to be successful. Motivation is determined by many things but motivation can’t be determined by the economic environment because that fluctuates. However, the ultimate goal is to create an environment that will engage the employees in the workplace and make them feel more important and considered a vital asset to the company. Motivation has been defined as the psychological forces that are determined by the direction of the person’s level of effort. Trust, engagement, values, job satisfaction, rewards, and acknowledgement are all factors of what drives a successful workplace in today’s market. Companies want to retain talent in the workplace because who’s to say that you will come across that talent again. The main focus is to meet goals and by meeting goals, you have to go beyond expectations to make something stand out like “sore thumb”. Some people think that managers are the ones who make sure that employees are happy and being treated fairly. However, they are, but the main department to oversee that would be the HR department and organizational leaders. They are the ones to tend to oversee that there is excellence and happiness in the workplace. The expectations for employees...
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...acquire, share, use and store valuable knowledge. Intellectual capital- A company's stock of knowledge, including human capital, structural capital, and relationship capital. Human capital- The stock of knowledge, skills, and abilities among employees that provide economic value to the organization. Structural capital- Knowledge embedded in an organization's systems and structures. Relationship capital- The value derived from an organization's relationships with customers, suppliers, and other. Absorptive capacity- The ability to recognize the value of new information, assimilate it, and use it for value- added activities. High-performance work practices (HPWP)- A perspective which holds that effective organizations incorporate several workplace practices that leverage the potential of human capital. Stakeholders- Individuals, organizations, or other entities that affect, or are affected by, the organization's objectives and...
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...Affective Events Theory 1/26/2012 Abstract Emotions and moods are an important part of daily live and work live, and can influence our job performance and job satisfaction. The affective events theory demonstrates how employees react emotionally to things that happen to them at work, and that their reactions can influence their attitudes and behaviors at work. The theory, which was introduced by psychologists Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano, states that negative emotional episodes in a work environment can produce shocks that then produce lasting affective reactions. Emotions and moods are an important part of daily live and work live, and can influence our job performance and job satisfaction. The affective events theory demonstrates how employees react emotionally to things that happen to them at work, and that their reactions can influence their attitudes and behaviors at work. The theory, which was introduced by psychologists Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano, states that negative emotional episodes in a work environment can produce shocks that then produce lasting affective reactions. Work events can include, but not limited to hassles, tasks, autonomy, job demands, emotional labor and uplifting actions. Emotional labor occurs when an employee displays the company’s desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work. These work events affect employees positively or negatively. Employee mood directly affects the intensity of their reaction...
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...opportunities, human capital in any organization is the most important asset in achieving company objectives. The role as managers and leaders is to understand that we are working with people who have their own way of thinking and behaving. For this reason this time we are given (one year) we must use our energy, creativity, knowledge, and experience to enhance the three factors mentioned above. Our plan must be clear to understand, transparent in their actions and to establish clearly the role of each team member. The way we approach each of the different attitudes, emotions, values and personalities allow us to improve and identify the mechanisms that we use to create a productive work environment. Team Performance and Effectiveness Teamwork is essential to the performance of a team and is necessary for most development programs as it needs multiple skills to manage any development project (Biswas, 2008). When a team is formed several factors must be considered in order to determine if a team is able to succeed. They are personality, values, attitudes, and emotions. Personality Personality traits are individual characteristics that describe a person’s behavior. The characteristics are a result of heredity or environment that influences satisfaction and well-being at work. (Greguras & Diefendorff, 2010). For example, an individual with a proactive personality has an increased probability of success, promotion, and good...
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