...제 1 장 화학: 물질과 측정 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.12 1.13 1.14 화학과 원소 원소와 주기율표 원소의 몇 가지 화학적 성질 실험과 측정 측정의 정확성, 정밀성, 유효숫자 반올림 계산: 단위환산 1 1 1.2 화학과 원소 • 원소 (element) = 화학적으로 변화시키거나 더 간단한 것으로 분해할 수 없는 기본적 물질 • 원소의 종류: 현재118종 , • 1250년 : As (비소) 약 90종만 자연계 존재 (그 중 7종은 거의 희귀함) • 고대의10원소: C, S, Fe, Cu, Ag, Sn, Au, Hg, Pb, Sb • 19세기에 추가된 원소 수: 53 개 • 20세기 이후 - 나머지 30여 개 (원소의 인공적 합성 28개) • 원소의 이름 : 라틴이름, 그리스이름, 발견장소(나라, 도시, 지역), 발견자, 또는 유명 과학자 이름에서 유래 • 원소 기호 : 한 글자 (대문자: H, C..) 또는 두 글자 (대문자 + 소문자: Fe, Au… ) 로 표시 영어 이름 예: H = 수소 (Hydrogen), C = 탄소 (Carbon), Al = 알루미늄 (Aluminum) 예: Na = 나트륨(sodium) - 라틴어의 Natrium Pb = 납 (lead) - 라틴어의 Plumbum W = 텅스텐 (tungsten) - 독일어의 Wolfram 라틴어나 다른 언어 2 1.3, 1.4 족 (group) 18개 의 세로줄 주기율표 주기율표 (periodic table) 족의 표기; International standard: 1-18 족 (US system: 1A - 8A, 1B - 8B ) (왼쪽 2개, 오른쪽 6개) (중앙 10개) 주기(period) 7개 의 가로줄 내부전이금속족 (주기율표에서 따로 표시) 3 주기율표의 같은 족에 있는 원소는 매우 유사한 화학적 성질을 나타냄. 1A족: 알칼리 금속 (alkali metals) • 은빛 금속 • 물과 빠르게 (흔히 격렬하게) 반응하여 알칼리성이 강한 생성물을 형성함. • 높은 반응성 때문에 순수한 상태로는 존재하지 않으며 다른 원소와 결합해서 존재함. Li Na K Rb Cs Fr Na + H2O → NaOH + ½ H2 4 2A족: 알칼리 토금속 (alkaline earth metals) • 광택이 있는 은빛 금속임. • 1A족보다는 반응성이 약함. • 천연에서 순수한 상태로 존재하지 않음. Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra O2 Mg → MgO 마그네슘은 공기 중에서 연소함. 5 7A족: 할로젠 (halogens) • 플루오린(F), 염소(Cl), 브로민(Br), 아이오딘(I)은 색이 있고 부식성인 비금속. • 천연에서 다른 원소와 결합한 채로만 존재함. (NaCl) • 아스타틴(At): 너무 소량으로 존재 함→ 알려진 것이 거의 없음. F Cl Br I At 브로민은 실온에서 부식성의 진한 붉은색 액체 ...
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...The Role of Cultures in Global Management Abstract What is culture and how other people deal with culture on a daily basis. Countries around the world work daily with different cultures in a business setting. There are many different ways that culture practices get done throughout the world. Middle East does things different than what the United States does. Global management and cultures bring many issues with it. Managers and staff need to find new ways to handle values, beliefs and social norms when working a business around the world. Most businesses have an assortment of different cultures and backgrounds because there are different people working within the group. This “Group of people" has the same religion, language, beliefs, and values share a culture no matter what. This, in turn, joined with all different types of people in the same cultural system. An examination made of the art of administering groups who are from different cultures, taking into account their different set of values, carry out, and ways of achieving different goals. A review presented of some of the problems that inherent in from one country to another because manager reject or is helpless of internalizing the local culture in which the displacement operates. Culture provides two functions that affect global management today. With the growth in global activities of both domestic and multinational companies, managers need a good perceptive of culture. People’s cultural...
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...Unit title Level Credit value Unit code Unit review date Understanding Organisations and the Role of Human Resources 31 4 3HRC Sept. 2011 Purpose and aim of unit This core unit provides an introduction to the role of human resources and learning and development (HR/L&D) within an organisation and the environmental context. By the end of this unit the learner will have developed their understanding of how HR activities support an organisation’s strategy and assist the achievement of business objectives and how these are shaped by internal and external factors. This unit is suitable for persons who: are aspiring to, or embarking on, a career in HR/L&D are working in the field of HR/L&D in a support role and wish to develop their knowledge and skills have responsibility for HR/L&D activities and decisions within an organisation without a specialist function are employees or independent consultants within the field of HR/L&D wish to understand the role of HR/L&D in the wider, organisational and environmental context. Learning outcomes On completion of this unit, learners will: 1 Understand the purpose of an organisation and its operating environment. 2 Understand the structure, culture and functions of an organisation. 3 Understand how HR activities support an organisation. 1 Equivalents in Ireland = 5; Scotland = 6 CIPD unit 3HRC - Version 2 - 17.03.10 1 Unit content Indicative content is provided for each of the learning...
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...hundred years ago it would have taken these people months to communicate, but today they can communicate with the press of a button. As our interactions with those from cultures much different than our own increases, communicating with one another creates obstacles we normally wouldn’t face when interacting with those from our own culture. This presents the peculiar problem for the business because it must train managers to effectively communicate within the constructs of different cultural norms and values. Communicating to others the importance of diversity in multinational corporations is a difficult task because it essentially involves asking others to reject the idea of their culture being superior to others. As O’Rourke (2010) points out, “failures in an overseas business setting most frequently result from an inability to understand and adapt to foreign ways of thinking and acting, rather than from technical or professional incompetence,” (p. 284). Regardless of difficulty, if a business is going to remain competitive as a multinational corporation, it is absolutely imperative that managers successfully communicate with individuals from different cultures. I chose to research multi-cultural management strategies because I understand how multi-national corporations are growing in number and size. Understanding why some are more successful in the global marketplace than...
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...The Role of Performance Management in Establishing and Maintaining Corporate Culture Performance management provides a large role in the establishment of a corporate culture and maintaining it, as well as observing the performance of the employees and provides the necessary positive and corrective feedback. “Performance management is considered the frame work of talent management, which encompasses all areas of HR that have to do with onboarding, developing, evaluating, and managing the workforce through all the normal cycles” (Kavanagh & Thite,2009, p. 341). This in turn is the connection that is developed between performance management and the company’s corporate culture, and it is dependent on the connection between management and employees. Performance management is connected with several other areas such as, recruiting, staffing, career management, etc., all which play a primary role in establishing and maintaining a company’s corporate culture. In order for an organization to maintain their culture they must find individuals that are willing and able to adapt to their culture as well as maintain and recruit other employees that can do the same. The Role of Compensation and Benefits in Establishing and Maintaining Corporate Culture Compensation plays an important role in establishing and maintaining a corporate culture. Compensation includes base pay, merit pay, short-term and long-term incentives. It also provides recognition awards, and the attraction/retention...
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...Understanding, why change is frequently difficult for people, can help building in methods for easing the process and increasing the likelihood that it will succeed. Being very clear about what changes are required and being very intentional about building a culture, that supports the new mission, goals, strategies and practices, increases the probability of success exponentially. This necessarily involves a large cross section of the organization in assessing the current system of norms and beliefs, determining what changes are needed, and designing an implementation plan. These new beliefs and resulting behaviors needed to be elevated to a conscious level so that the company could choose how it needed to modify its practices. New assumptions and values should be articulated and systematically communicated through every channel and should be reinforced at every opportunity. It is true that changes in organizational culture are brought about through employees, so the employees play a major role. But role of the leader cannot be overruled because they influence the organizational culture very deeply. Culture is deep seated and difficult to change, but they can influence or manage an organization's culture. It isn't easy, and it cannot be done rapidly, but leaders can have an effect on culture. Productive cultural change will occur if leaders correctly analyze the organization's existing culture, and evaluate it against the cultural attributes needed to achieve strategic objectives...
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...ELSEWHERE A DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING COMMUNICATION COMPETENCIES AMONG DIRECT SELLERS IN MALAYSIA Many studies have been conducted related to communication competencies since the last decade until now. However, the availability of the studies on communication competencies has not been explored in depth particularly in the direct selling context in Malaysia. To understand the direct sellers’ communication competencies, a conceptual framework will be built based on related literature studies. Literature reviews have shown a variety of studies on communication competencies from the behavioral and cognitive perspectives. Although numerous studies have provide understanding of communication competence in various context, there is a gap in viewing communication competencies in a more dynamic context, particularly in the process of communication of direct sellers with their potential customers. This paper attempts to discuss the importance of a dynamic research related with communication competencies by developing a conceptual framework for a direct selling as a communication process. INTRODUCTION The key purpose of this paper work is to discuss the need of developing a conceptual framework for studying communication competencies of direct sellers in Malaysia. Research on...
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...Unit 5 Intercultural Communication Overview. This unit focuses on the role of communication in the relationships of peoples and groups with different cultural, ethnic, religious or social backgrounds. It looks at both the cultural barriers to effective communication as well as to various ways those barriers can be overcome. This unit also addresses the concept of dialogue as the use of communication to achieve harmony, mutual understanding and respect among peoples and groups. Learning Outcomes: Students who complete Unit 5 will be able to: explain the role of ethnocentrism in intercultural communication discuss guidelines for effective intercultural and interreligious communication compare Arabic and English communication patterns demonstrate intercultural aspects of inter-religious communication Key Concepts for Unit 5 Definition and conceptualization of intercultural communication and overview of guidelines Overview of ethnocentrism and prejudice in communication Definition and conceptualization of dialogue as a model of communication ► Intercultural Communication Nations and people of the world are increasingly interconnected and mutually interdependent. Globally, most cities and countries are becoming more diverse internally, with citizens and residents of varying races, religions, ethnicities and national backgrounds. Meanwhile, greater the risk is associated with economic or political aloofness and social isolation. All of these social forces are fostering increasingly...
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...question stated below: Culture – Negotiation, "Cross-cultural communication often involves several barriers preventing success, the aim of this report is to identify the various problems that may arise in an attempt to explain how to overcome them" Basically we`re going to have a look at the meaning of communication before getting to understand the different cultures we come across worldwide. What defines communication, the different types of communicating and how is communication used. When understanding these subjects’ doors open to have a look at the differences communication is altered and affected by different cultures and how it is used in doing business across the globe. Hopefully it will reveal the answer to the question stated above. This report explores the communication process and identifies how varying cultures have an effect. The differing regional norms within the continents globally are also compared to aid successful communication across different cultures. Introduction In its basic form, negotiation is a method of conflict resolution. It is a problem-solving process in which two or more parties attempt to resolve their disagreement or conflict in a manner, and through a process, that is mutually agreeable. Whereas the general concept of negotiation is easy enough to understand, in practice it can be an extremely difficult proposition. Opposing views about what is right and wrong, disagreement on what is fair and equitable, understanding each other’s message...
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...Eslsca Leadership final exam Wael Emil Bassely Group C46 Question 1 : Develop the profile of a highly effective leader who can inspire his / her followers to fulfill the organization missions and achieve its objectives. In order to effectively answer this question, we have to know the following points first: * What is Leadership, who is a leader? *What is effectiveness? When is a leader effective? *why do we need leaders? * Obstacles to effective leadership. * The difference between leader and manager. *Roles and functions of leaders. *Understand the role culture can play in leadership. * The methods, results, shortcomings and contributions of the of the leadership theories. *The power and leadership relations. *Characteristics of charismatic leaders. What is Leadership, who is a leader? The leadership is a group phenomenon, without followers there are no leaders .It is a goal directed and has a big role in groups and organizations moreover it creates a hierarchy within group in some cases. The leader is the person who influences individuals and groups within an organization, helps them in establishing goals, and guides them toward achievement of those goals, thereby allowing them to be effective. Ref. The art and science of leadership What is effectiveness? When is a leader effective? The leaders are effective when their group performs well and their followers are satisfied while achieving their organizations goals. Goal achievements...
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...........7 Grade 1. Foundations of Social Studies: Families........................................................................12 Grade 2. Foundations of Social Studies: Communities ................................................................17 Grade 3. South Carolina Studies ..................................................................................................22 Grades 4–5 Grade 4. United States Studies to 1865 ........................................................................................29 Grade 5. United States Studies: 1865 to the Present ....................................................................36 Grades 6–8 Grade 6. Early Cultures to 1600 ...................................................................................................45 Grade 7. Contemporary Cultures: 1600 to the Present .................................................................53 Grade 8. South Carolina: One of the United States .....................................................................61 High School Course Standards for Social Studies...
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...Culture and Socialization Learning to be Human Understanding Cause & Effect • Correlation - the existence of a regular relationship between two sets of occurrences or variables. • Causation - a relationship in which one event or situation brings about the other. • Correlation does not imply causation. But a causal relationship must mean that two variables are correlated. Sociological Imagination • The more we understand what is happening in the world, the more frustrated we often become, for our knowledge leads to feelings of powerlessness. We feel that we are living in a world in which the citizen has become a mere spectator or a forced actor, and that our personal experience is politically useless and our political will a minor illusion (Mills 1959) Macro argument. Chapter 3 Culture & Society The Concepts of Culture Culture - The values the members of a given group hold, the norms they follow, and the material goods they create. Values - abstract ideals. For example, monogamy is a prominent value in most Western societies. Norms - definite principles or rules people are expected to observe Society - a system of relationships that connects individuals who share the same culture. The Concepts of Culture Culture and society are closely related. Cultural variations among humans are linked to different types of society. No culture could exist without a society; equally, no society could exist without culture. The Concepts of Culture Ethnocentrism – judging...
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...Sundaravalli Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi ABSTRACT: Cross-cultural communication has become ever more significant through the globalization of markets, affairs of nation-states and technologies. Consequently, the cultural quotient (CQ) is becoming increasingly important, especially in the context of the changing dynamics of work culture around the world. This paper makes a case for the need to pay attention to intercultural communication and discusses some specific approaches and strategies in the teaching of intercultural communication in the classroom. These approaches include addressing issues like learning to honour one’s own culture and sharing it with others while developing a capacity to be open to other cultures. Other strategies include progressing from an ethnocentric to an ethno-relative state of understanding and acceptance of cultural differences and increasing one’s ability to communicate with non-native speakers. Specifically, classroom practices and strategies suggested include intercultural explorations, use of texts, films, short stories and other multi-media resources, contrastive case studies of cultures, group encounters and role plays. Introduction Sir Francis Bacon said that if a man was gracious and courteous to strangers, it showed that he was a citizen of the world, and that his heart was no island cut off from other lands, but a continent that joined them. The present work force even in local contexts demands global skills such as excellent communication...
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...originated from certain cultures. Through this, it has come to be known that there are specific mental conditions that are only evidenced among certain cultures yet lacking to others. As such, this calls for specialists to be weary of how they perform their diagnosis since out of the diversity associated with certain cultures realized among varied people within any community, treatment associated with culture bound syndromes and symptoms are not clearly defined as they may seem to be. The complexity associated with culture bound syndromes and symptoms have led many psychiatrists’ to question the reality of the way these syndromes occur. This has been backed up by the unending dispute that is realized pertaining to the legality with which culture manifests...
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...which, the majority is the minority race in the community. In my immediate neighborhood, the experience with my fellow neighbors are a welcoming aspect due to the flexibility of tolerance. The diversified demographics within my community are races from different ethnicity not just black and white but Latinos, Mexicans, Jamaicans, and Japanese. The perspective in my community provides an understanding how diversity enriches the awareness of other cultural lifestyles within the context of interaction with different ethnic groups. Do members of your community look like you? In what ways do they look the same or different? The members in my community are welcoming and thoughtful by projecting respectfulness in sharing the same amenities in the neighborhood without conflict. For instance, the local community has a vast array of diversified backgrounds that do not intrude on privacy or make stereotype assumptions of neighbors, instead, the interactions are cordially with each other. The children are diversified and plays well with each other by learning each other unique personality and culture. The children provides an opportunity for the parents to learn...
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