...Prepared by: Lisa Fell The Effect of the “Right to Work” Law on Unions and Union Workers in the United States Capstone Co-ordinator: Ted Seath Faculty Advisor: Gary Gannon Table of Contents CHAPTER I 1 DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM 1 Background Statement 1 Problem Statement 2 Purpose Statement 3 Limitations of Study 3 Reliability 4 Availability 4 Timeliness 4 Precision Error 4 Researcher Prejudice 5 CHAPTER II 5 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 Selected Review of Literature 5 The Effect of Right-to-Work Laws on Workers and Wages 5 Right-to-Work Laws are Beneficial to Unions and Union Workers 10 Right-to-Work Laws Negatively Affect Unions and Union Workers 16 Free-Riders are the Cause of Union Demise 23 Free-Riders Make Unions More Accountable 26 Results Summary 28 Right-to-Work Laws Weaken Labor Unions 28 Workers Gain Fewer Benefits from Economic Growth under Right-to-Work Laws 28 The Broader Economic Effects of Right-to-Work Laws are Difficult to Separate 29 CHAPTER III 29 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 29 Conclusions 29 Recommendations 30 WORKS CITED 32 CHAPTER I DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM Background Statement The typical factory worker in the late nineteenth century worked ten hours a day, six days a week. Unskilled workers were paid between $1.00 and $1.50 per day. Children were a significant part of the labour force after the Civil War. Workplace accidents were common, and the idea of compensating workers...
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...EUROPEAN UNION E-COMMERCE: CONSUMERS RIGHTS AND PROTECTION ON THE INTERNET PICHAYAPONG PICHAYAPONGS U 3055471 CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION 3 II THE EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE OF 20 MAY 1997 CONCERNING DISTANCE CONTRACTS 3 A The distance contract 4 B Written confirmation 5 C Cooling-off period 5 D Tax payable on goods 5 E Credit card fraud 6 F Special protection 6 G Directive 97/7/EC of The European Parliament and of The Council of 20 May 1997 on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts 7 III SECURITY AND CONFIDENCE ON THE WEB 7 A Asymmetrical cryptography 8 B Electronic payments 9 1 Europe Adopts Legislation to Expedite E-payments 9 C The labelling of websites 9 IV GOVERNMENT REGULATION 10 V CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 10 VI REFERENCE 11 I INTRODUCTION In the past decade, the boom of the internet in Europe and the emergence of e-commerce has led to a broader of the commercial offers that can be proposed to the consumers. Indeed, an expansion in internet offering come the demand for online security regarding the rights and interests of the internet users and also the development of the internet implies a certain number of adaptations to efficiently protect the consumer. In Europe, a person considered as a consumer is protected by the consumer rights.[1] As texts and laws directly dealing with e-commerce are very uncommon, on 20th May 1997 the European Parliament and the Council adopted Directive 97/7/EC regarding...
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...In the civil rights movement, the labor unions played an important role. The labor unions and the civil rights movement shared a common goal for better pay and equal rights. They were allies in the African American struggles especially since there were growing amount of African American workers. The unions believed that African American workers and their white coworkers lives intertwine with one another through their concerns for economic security and their anti-discrimination causes. The president of the United Auto Workers (UAW), Walter Reuther was very open in the support of the Civil Rights Movement. Also Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. had reached out to his allies in the unions for their financial support and through protests to bring people...
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...had the greater impact on the rights of the trade unions 1865-1950; the federal government or the actions of workers? In 1865 there were little labour rights and even less trade union power, firstly looking at the four key aims of trade unions; the right to exist, the right to bargain collectively, the right to be recognised by both the government and the employers and finally the right to strike without losing their jobs. In 1865 there was no legal right to exist at all instead the government actively opposes the development of the rights of trade unions. This can be witnessed throughout the period up until the New Deal era as evidenced by the Supreme Court injunctions and troops used to break strikes. The right to collective bargaining was again a no as there was no legal recognition meaning that there are no examples of willingness to negotiate with them. This is evidenced due to the fact 1920s employers use ‘yellow dog’ contracts to stop workers joining unions. There was no protection from losing your job if you chose to strike, due to resource stock piling and scab labour the employers had no real need to listen to the demands of those striking. Whereas at the end of the period the right to exist has been gained via the Wagner Act, the right to collectively bargain was very close to being nationally complete, the right to strike has been taken away due to the president limiting the power to strike during world war two and finally the right to be recognized has been achieved...
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...How far was the 1890s the most significant Turning point in trade union & labour rights in the period 1865-1992? The 1890’s had been a turning point for the development of trade union ad labour rights, however it could be said that the period of the 1930’s and the New Deal could be proved as a more significant turning point as well as the start of the period for the development of trade union and labour rights. The 1890s was the time trade unions begun to develop and start to threaten the power of the `robber barons' with powerful strikes. Trade unions wanted the right to exist and collectively bargain with the employer. This was the process where a group of employees formed a unit and bargained with the employer to better their rights. In the 1890s, union membership was steadily growing reaching a membership of just under a thousand by 1900s. This shows that Unions were slowly becoming recognised as membership grew, meaning that employers were under more obligation to accept them. With the creation of the first Industrial Union in 1893, the American Railroad Union, it meant that some unskilled workers could be organised and recognised. This was important as previously mainly craft unions only accepted skilled workers like the American Labour Federation (1874). However, the ARU set a precedent that other industrial unions could do the same, making unions more powerful. However, there were some negatives in this period, lessening the 1890s impact as a turning point. For...
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...Dr. Arcadio Santos National High School Km. 15, East Service Rd. SSHW SMDP, Parañaque City Supreme Student Government Officers School Year 2015-2016 Position | Name | Address | Contact Number/s | President | John Lloyd S. Ballesteros | #22 Sta. Teresa Camp NDH, Taguig City | 09101328779/09187220439 | Vice-President | Ma. Angelica T. Burgos | Blk 65 Lot 12 Upper Bicutan, Taguig City | 09309752216/ 09282938212 | Secretary | Janalyn A. Villafranca | 347 Tenement Bldg. Western Bicutan, Taguig City | 09062306778/09172700764 | Assistant Secretary | Vera Lou A. Arinuelo | Blk 60 Lot 13 P-2 Reposar St. Upper Bicutan, Taguig City | 09186232972/09193591016 | Treasurer | Tiara Veronica C. Arriesgado | Blk 12 Lot 16 P-7 Bagong Tanyag, Taguig City | 09235555228/09234198699 | Auditor | Jenny M. Rodriguez | Blk 137 Lot 32-9 Upper Bicutan, Taguig City | 09996610286/09092956980 | Public Information Officers | Kristal V. Lucero | 255 Sitio Sto. Niño SMDP, Parañaque City | 09488457954/09099481185 | | Paolo A. Binasbas | 109 Lot 7 San Lorenzo Ruiz, BLS, Parañaque City | 09367975774/984-98-68 | Peace Officers | Christian T. Sumagang | 32-D Champaca St. Western Bicutan, Taguig City | 09078887974/09771212009 | | Stephanie Anne Lykah G. Terrones | #12 Rd. 39 NDH, Taguig City | 09489745174/09086192864 | Grade X Representatives | Monaliza C. Fabrigar | K.A. 184 Bougainvilla St. Katipunan Village Western Bicutan, Taguig City | 09307238443/09355176841 | | Billy Boy...
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...employment responsibilities and rights in health, social care or children and young people’s settings Unit number: 201 Unit reference: R/602/2954 Produce an employee document/handbook that has information on Employee Rights And Responsibilities. Your document should consist the pointers outlined below. 1 statutory responsibilities and rights of employees and employers Rights at work Your rights at work will depend on:- Your contract of employment cannot take away rights you have by law. So if, for example, you have a contract which states you are only entitled to two weeks' paid holiday per year when, by law, all full-time employees are entitled to 28 days' paid holiday per year, this part of your contract is void and does not apply. The right you have under law (to 28 days' holiday in this case) applies instead. If your contract gives you greater rights than you have under law, for example, your contract gives you six weeks' paid holiday per year, then your contract applies. There are special rules about the employment of children and young people. Statutory rights Statutory rights are legal rights based on laws passed by Parliament. Nearly all workers, regardless of the number of hours per week they work, have certain legal rights. There are some workers who are not entitled to certain statutory rights Sometimes an employee only gains a right when they have been employed...
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...Legal Issues in Public Education Grand Canyon University EDA 555 February 25, 2015 Response to Concern of Teacher Misconduct To: Mr. Joe Black, Lead Custodian From: The Principal Date: February 24 Subject: Letter of Concern Mr. Black, Thank you for sharing with me the information about an educational professional in our building. I appreciate that you felt confident enough to bring this to my attention. The safety of the students and staff are very important to me and I will take the allegations seriously and investigate it with great detail. I have professional protocol to follow to start the investigation. I will need you to come in and make a formal statement about what you witnessed from the girls communicated to each other. Our school reputation in our community is very important to me so I would like for you to come in as soon as possible so we can get the investigation started. Thank you for your concerns. Principal PLAN OF ACTION It needs to be determined if the allegation is recent or past conduct and if it is a risk the behavior may be repeated. If it is determined that there is a chance that the allegation may be repeated than affirmative action must be taken to keep the students and staff safe, that can be done by temporarily suspending with pay or reassignment. It is important to understanding the collective bargaining and superintendent responsibility before taking these steps. There also has to be a determination if the allegation...
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...test so in essence are not able to work. They seem to be able to afford cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs but run short on bills, diapers and household goods. The dilemma is that on one hand it might be a violation of rights to ask people to be drug tested, but it’s no more intrusive than providing social security #’s, birthdates, and mother’s maiden named, or pay stubs. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, (2008) the 1996 Welfare Reform Act authorized - but did not require - states to impose mandatory drug testing as a prerequisite to receiving state welfare assistance. This is in part to the fact that some think that testing people for drug use is a violation of their civil rights. The big question is should people be allowed to collect benefits from the state if they are misusing the money for drugs? If the person cannot pass a drug test to get benefits they cannot pass one for a job. This means they have no intention of getting a job in the first place unless they are forced. If the people are not working they get lazier and more likely to produce more children. I would side on testing, because if the money is used for the purpose it was intended for most people will not mind but those who use have an issue. References American Civil Liberties Union, (2008). Drug testing welfare recipients....
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...The Civil Rights Act of 1991 – How Does its Changes Affect the Workplace MMT 107-Human Resource Management APA Formatted Research Paper By: Anthony Barrera Submitted to: Mae Hicks Jones, Instructor 11/30/2012 Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to show what changes came from the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1991. Topics that will be mentioned are topics that have to do with unlawful practices in the workplace, for example, discrimination against employee’s physical appearance, orientation, or disability, but also one’s own emotional and personal beliefs. This paper will mention three topics that the Civil Rights Act of 1991 will prohibit in the workplace which are discrimination, inequality, and harassment. Each topic contains sub topics that will explain more in detail each of the three main points. Research of these topics is helped by internet sources, as well as, textbooks. Authors like Chuck Williams, Nickels G. Williams, James McHugh, Susan M. McHugh, Robert L. Mathis, John H. Jackson and sources from www.eeoc.gov and the Encyclopedia of Business. The sources indicate what laws where placed by the United States government and what changes is brought to the workplace and employees. Also, authors indicate what rights employees have with the new laws placed and how they can be protected. Conclusion will recap how employees are protected by the amendment and rights they are provided by the government for a pleasant work environment, free from harassment...
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...cropped, altered or modified. I acknowledge and agree that I have consented to publication of my ethnicity(ies) as indicated below, but understand that other ethnicities may be associated with me by the Photographer / Filmmaker and / or Assigns for descriptive purposes. I agree that I have no rights to the Content, and all rights to the Content belong to the Photographer / Filmmaker and Assigns. I acknowledge and agree that I have no further right to additional consideration or accounting, and that I will make no further claim for any reason to Photographer / Filmmaker and / or Assigns. I acknowledge and agree that this release is binding upon my heirs and assigns. I agree that this release is irrevocable, worldwide and perpetual, and will be governed by the laws (excluding the law of conflicts) of the country/state from the following list that is nearest to the address of the Model (or Parent*) given opposite: New York, Alberta, England, Australia and New Zealand. It is agreed that my personal information will not be made publicly available but may only be used directly in relation to the licensing of the Content where necessary (e.g. to defend claims, protect rights or notify trade unions) and may be retained as...
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...Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination | History class Fall semester Nov. 22/ 2011 | Susan Kennedy | The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968 was a tragic blow, not only for the civil rights movement but also for the rights movement of all lower class citizens in America. Dr. King represented one of the few voices in 1968 able to form any type of consensus among increase-polarized groups in society. His death inaugurated a period of some of the worst race riots in American history. However, his death did not signal a end to the Civil Rights Movement. The movement had been splitting into factions for several years before he was assassinated. Dr. King’s death did accelerate the polarization of American society. The Black power became the leading force behind the transforming Civil Right Movement. However, to a far greater degree, King’s death signaled an alienation among white supporters of the movement who saw in King their opportunity to participate in the movement, while opposed to the movement hardened their stance in the face of the emerging drive for black self-determination. Robbed of the man who galvanized their community, outraged African Americans took to the streets to protest. Furor erupted among blacks in many cities as angry African Americans refused to heed the President\’s call for calm. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a vital figure of the modern era. His lectures and dialogues stirred the concern and sparked...
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...CO2 output by investing in more efficient technologies and exploring innovative solutions that cut CO2 emissions by reducing energy consumption or using renewable energy. More and more sharing network equipment (2G, 3G, 4G) Main focus on using less energy, however they do switch to renewable energy too. By replacing network equipment, better service is maintained, however, it produces E-waste. E-waste is always disposed in a responsible way, by hiring recycling contractors. Human Resource Policyhttp://www.slideshare.net/mayank210/vodafone-hr-practices-a-study Employee engagement (Open and regular communication is fundamental -> ‘Intranet’) Employee consultation (Consult to their employees directly, which is preferred over trade unions) Vodafone European Employee Consulvative Council (EECC), meets once a year Managing organizational change (Committed to treating employees fairly and with respect during periods of organizational change, by communicating changes clearly) Development and training (Development and training programmes, annual analysis of learning needs accros the business) Diversity and inclusion (Inclusive leadership, Valuing diversity, Individual responsibility) Reward and Recognition (Competitive and fair rates of pay and benefits, global short- and long-term incentive plans reward employees base on their performance, potential and contribution) Employee wellbeing (‘Group Health, Safety...
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...The U. S. Civil War and Civil Right Era Abstract This paper will contain information dated during the Civil War through the Civil Rights Era. Throughout this paper you will hear about the expansion of the U.S Federal government and the events of the Civil War, The Reconstruction Period, The Progressive Era, The Great Depression and The Civil Rights Era. The U. S. Civil War and Civil Right Era The Civil War is a war between organized groups within the same nation state or republic or less commonly between two countries created from a united nation. The Civil Right Era began in 1955. Another important factor of this particular era was the great depression. Throughout this paper you will hear about the events, trials and tribulations that transpired throughout this time frame. Through the expansion of the U.S Federal government are the events of the Civil War, the Reconstruction period, the Progressive Era, The Great Depression and the Civil Rights Era, which will also be discussed. The Civil War officially began on April 12, 1861, when confederate troops attacked Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. The bloodiest battle of the Civil War took place in Maryland on September 17, 1862, which was called the Battle of Antietam. This event caused Abraham Lincoln to announce abolish to slavery in the South, which became official in 1863. More men died in the Civil War than any other American conflict, and two-thirds of the dead perished from disease. (Facts, 2011)...
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...Bill of Rights and Amendments Salvatore Coco HIS/301 AUGUST 15, 2013 Christina Winn Bill of Rights and Amendments Although the Constitution was written primarily to define and represent the ideals and dreams of men for freedom of life; liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, there were many imperfections because of the compromises required to get the document ratified by the states involved. Amendments to the Constitution were added to correct these deficiencies, including the Bill of Rights and the first 10 amendments. However, the Bill of Rights still did not adequately address the issues of slaves. Amendments 13, 14, and 15 were added in an attempt to fulfill the gaps left by the original 10. These amendments were also a precursor to future amendments addressing civil right issues during the Civil Rights movement. How and Why Amendments are added to the Constitution The Constitution was approved in 1788, including Article V stating how amendments would be added. Amendments were needed either as an improvement, a correction, or an addition. There are two ways to pass an amendment although only one has ever been used. The first method takes two-thirds of the house and Senate and three-fourths of the states to have a proposed amendment ratified. The second method, although never used requires a Constitutional Convention to be called by two-thirds of the House...
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