...Participation in Local Unions: A Comparison of Black and White Members Author(s): Michele M. Hoyman and Lamont Stallworth Source: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 40, No. 3 (Apr., 1987), pp. 323-335 Published by: Cornell University, School of Industrial & Labor Relations Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2523490 Accessed: 12/01/2010 13:33 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=cschool. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Cornell University, School of...
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...through the defection of the national unions that formed the Change to Win (CTW) coalition (Fossum, 2012, pp. 27-34, 53-54). Paralleling the union development was a series of national labor legislation: Railway Labor Act (1926), Norris-LaGuardia Act (1932) legitimizing collective bargaining, National Industrial Recovery Act (1933), ruled unconstitutional in 1935, National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act, 1935) establishing the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), Taft-Hartley Act (1947), and Landrum-Griffin Act (1959) (Fossum, 2012, pp. 63-75). This paper will examine this evolution of the legal status of American unions and what union activities were restricted by laws and courts; the major contributing causes to the failure of uplift unionism; advantages and disadvantages of a business union vs. labor political party approach; leading personalities contributing to the definition of labor relations in the United States; and the most effective union leaders during the 1930s and 1940s and would they be effective now. Legal Status of American Unions: Activities Restricted by Laws and Courts Initially American courts dealt with union organizing and collective bargaining efforts as a conspiracy, in the late 18th century applying this conspiracy doctrine in the Philadelphia cordwainers case (Fossum, 2012, p. 30, citing 3 Commons & Gilmore 228-233). This...
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...Labor Unions in the United States Posted Mon, 2010-02-01 17:21 by Anonymous Gerald Friedman, University of Massachusetts at Amherst Unions and Collective Action In capitalist labor markets, which developed in the nineteenth-century in the United States and Western Europe, workers exchange their time and effort for wages. But even while laboring under the supervision of others, wage earners have never been slaves, because they have recourse from abuse. They can quit to seek better employment. Or they are free to join with others to take collective action, forming political movements or labor unions. By the end of the nineteenth century, labor unions and labor-oriented political parties had become major forces influencing wages and working conditions. This article explores the nature and development of labor unions in the United States. It reviews the growth and recent decline of the American labor movement and makes comparisons with the experience of foreign labor unions to clarify particular aspects of the history of labor unions in the United States. Unions and the Free-Rider Problem Quitting, exit, is straightforward, a simple act for individuals unhappy with their employment. By contrast, collective action, such as forming a labor union, is always difficult because it requires that individuals commit themselves to produce "public goods" enjoyed by all, including those who "free ride" rather than contribute to the group effort. If the union succeeds, free riders...
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...able to accomplish a great deal throughout that time. The Knights’ accomplishments revolved around the process in which they successfully attracted a large number of people, as well as their two most notable victories regarding the 8 Hour Movement and the Jay Gould Strike. To begin, it is crucial to have a basic understanding of the Knights of Labor and their origins. The Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of labor formed in 1869 as a small and secret society (Palmer, 1992, p. 121). They began as a simple group of Philadelphian garment workers lead by Uriah Stephens. Stretching beyond boundaries of a common labour union, Stephens incorporated “a religious brotherhood, a political reform society, a fraternal order, and a pure and simple unionism” into his organization (Palmer, p. 121). Under the leadership of Stephens, the Knights remained a relatively secretive organization. This completely changed when Terence V. Powderly took over the union and exposed the Knights to the public in the 1880s. This marked the beginning of the Knights rapid growth and success (Palmer, p. 121). The rapid growth of the Knights stemmed from their inclusivity and willingness to welcome virtually anyone into their organization. The Knights succeed in the organization of workers from small towns and villages (Grob, 1958, p. 176). This was done through the incorporation of mixed assemblies. Unlike their fellow craft unions, the Knights...
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...BUS 405 WK 3 Quiz 2 Chapter 2,3 - All Possible Questions To Purchase Click Link Below: http://strtutorials.com/BUS-405-WK-3-Quiz-2-Chapter-23-All-Possible-Questions-BUS4052.htm BUS 405 WK 3 Quiz 2 Chapter 2,3 - All Possible Questions TRUE/FALSE 1. The Haymarket Riot, Homestead Incident, and the Pullman Strike eliminated Samuel Gompers’ leadership effectiveness in the AFL. 2. While the CIO and KOL shared somewhat the “one big union” concept, the CIO’s goals were more similar to the AFL than to the KOL. 3. One change since 1950 is organized labor’s current emphasis on short-range reform instead of long-range material goals. 4. The leadership of the Knights of Labor was more interested in seeking higher wage increases for employees than in seeking moral betterment . 5. The new Change to Win federation believes that the AFL-CIO should be supportive of the Democratic Party, even when party leaders did not stand with organized labor on key issues, such as opposition to the North American Free Trade Agreement and subsequent proposed trade pacts. 6. Many new members joined the Knights of Labor because of the organization’s “get tough” militant stance during the Haymarket Riot. 7. Organized labor repeated its success in three previous presidential elections by delivering a very large majority of union members for Obama. 8. The sit-down strike helped the CIO to obtain union membership in the 1930s, and it was soon approved by the Supreme Court. 9....
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...BUS 405 WK 3 Quiz 2 Chapter 2,3 - All Possible Questions To Purchase Click Link Below: http://strtutorials.com/BUS-405-WK-3-Quiz-2-Chapter-23-All-Possible-Questions-BUS4052.htm BUS 405 WK 3 Quiz 2 Chapter 2,3 - All Possible Questions TRUE/FALSE 1. The Haymarket Riot, Homestead Incident, and the Pullman Strike eliminated Samuel Gompers’ leadership effectiveness in the AFL. 2. While the CIO and KOL shared somewhat the “one big union” concept, the CIO’s goals were more similar to the AFL than to the KOL. 3. One change since 1950 is organized labor’s current emphasis on short-range reform instead of long-range material goals. 4. The leadership of the Knights of Labor was more interested in seeking higher wage increases for employees than in seeking moral betterment . 5. The new Change to Win federation believes that the AFL-CIO should be supportive of the Democratic Party, even when party leaders did not stand with organized labor on key issues, such as opposition to the North American Free Trade Agreement and subsequent proposed trade pacts. 6. Many new members joined the Knights of Labor because of the organization’s “get tough” militant stance during the Haymarket Riot. 7. Organized labor repeated its success in three previous presidential elections by delivering a very large majority of union members for Obama. 8. The sit-down strike helped the CIO to obtain union membership in the 1930s, and it was soon approved by the Supreme Court. 9....
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...How far was the 1890s the most significant Turning point in trade union & labour rights in the period 1865-1992? The 1890’s had been a turning point for the development of trade union ad labour rights, however it could be said that the period of the 1930’s and the New Deal could be proved as a more significant turning point as well as the start of the period for the development of trade union and labour rights. The 1890s was the time trade unions begun to develop and start to threaten the power of the `robber barons' with powerful strikes. Trade unions wanted the right to exist and collectively bargain with the employer. This was the process where a group of employees formed a unit and bargained with the employer to better their rights. In the 1890s, union membership was steadily growing reaching a membership of just under a thousand by 1900s. This shows that Unions were slowly becoming recognised as membership grew, meaning that employers were under more obligation to accept them. With the creation of the first Industrial Union in 1893, the American Railroad Union, it meant that some unskilled workers could be organised and recognised. This was important as previously mainly craft unions only accepted skilled workers like the American Labour Federation (1874). However, the ARU set a precedent that other industrial unions could do the same, making unions more powerful. However, there were some negatives in this period, lessening the 1890s impact as a turning point. For...
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...Good evening everyone, I came here tonight prepared to speak with you all about American Labor Union History going back to the Eighteenth Century. Due to time restraints, I am now being asked to give you the top three most important events in American Labor Union History. There have been so many significant events, picking the three most important is a very difficult task. However, I will rise to the occasion and give you lovely folks what I believe to be the three most important events in American Labor Union History. The three I will speak briefly about are; the formation of The Knights of Labor in 1885, The Wagner Act of 1935, and the merger between AFL and the CIO creating the AFL-CIO in 1955. The foundation of The Knights of Labor is especially significant because this was the first time in American Labor Union History that there was an attempt to form one large general union. The early years of The Knights of Labor were very successful. This union offered membership to skilled and non-skilled workers as well as women and African Americans. Between 1885 and 1886 nearly 600,000 members joined under leader Terence Powderly seeking eight hour work days, equal pay, and to do away with child labor. The Knights won a major strike against the Wabash Railroad which led to the quick increase in membership. However, by the late 1880’s the organization was practically extinct due to lack of leadership for such an overwhelming quick increase in membership . The Wagner Act...
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...American Federation of Labor (AFL) | The leading labor organization in America, founded in 1881 by Samuel Gompers and composed of craft unions rather than a single national union | American Socialist Party | Political party formed in 1901 and led by Eugene V. Debs that advocated replacing the nation’s capitalist system | anarcho-syndicalism | A radical form of political protest that advocates the use of labor activism to overthrow the capitalist system | blacklist | A compilation of known union activists in a particular area; employers refused to hire anyone whose name appeared on one | Contract Labor Law | Passed in 1885, this prohibited employers from forcing immigrants to work to pay off the costs of their passage to America | Crédit Mobilier Company | A construction company set up by the directors of the Union Pacific in 1867 in order to build part of their transcontinental railroadin essence, they were their own subcontractors and awarded themselves generous contracts | craft union | Union of skilled laborers, the type of union assembled under the American Federation of Labor | horizontal integration | The system by which a business takes over its competitors in order to limit competition, lower costs, and maximize profits | Industrial Revolution | Transformation in the way goods were made and sold, as American businessmen between 1865 and 1915 used continuing technological breakthroughs and creative financing to bring greater efficiency to their businesses...
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...Jenny Ulery 01/12/15 5th Ch. 16 Study Questions - America’s Gilded Age: 1870-1890 1. The American economy thrived because of federal involvement, not the lack of it. How did the federal government actively promote industrial and agricultural development in this period? BE SPECIFIC. The federal government actively promoted industrial and agricultural development. It enacted high tariffs that protected American industry from foreign competition, granted land to railroad companies to encourage construction, and used the army to remove Indians form western land desired by farmers and mining companies. 2. Why were railroads so important to America’s second industrial revolution? What events demonstrate their influence on society, politics, and the economy? Spurred by private investment and massive grants of land and money by federal, state, and local governments, the number of miles of railroad track in the US tripped between 1860 and 1880 and tripled again by 1920, opening vast new areas to commercial farming and creating truly national market for manufactured goods. The growing population formed an ever-expanding market for the mass production, mass distribution, and mass marketing of goods, essential elements of a modern industrial economy. The railroads created 5 transcontinental lines and 4 times zones throughout the nation. 3. Why did organized efforts of farmers, workers, and local reformers largely fail to achieve substantive change in the Gilded Age...
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...1)Sources of Industrial Growth a)Industrial Technologies i)Most impt tech development was new iron + steel production techniques- Henry Bessemer and William Kelly invented process to turn iron to steel, possible to produce large quantities and dimensions for construction, RRs ii)Steel industry emerged in Pennsylvania and Ohio (Pittsburgh notably)- iron industry existed, fuel could be found in PA coal iii)New transportation systems emerged to serve steel industry- freighters for the Great Lakes, RRs used steel to grow + transported it (sometimes merged w/ one another). Oil industry also grew b/c of need to lubricate mill machinery b)The Airplane and the Automobile i)Development of automobile dependent upon growth of two technologies: creation of gasoline from crude oil extraction, and 1870s Eur development of “internal combustion engine”. By 1910 car industry major role in economy ii)First gas-car built by Duryea brothers 1903, Henry For began production 1906 iii)Search for flight by Wright Bros lead to famous 1903 flight. US govt created National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics 1915 to match Eur research c)Research and Development i)New industrial technologies lead companies to sponsor own research- General Electric established first corp lab 1900, marked decentralization of govt-sponsored research. At same time cnxn began btwn university research + needs of industrial economy- partnership btwn academic + commercial d)The Science of Production i)Principles of “scientific...
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...Chapter 24-25 Overview 1. Loans and large land grants 2. A) northern pacific railroad B) New York Central C) central pacific railroad 3. Pools 4. The judicial branch/Supreme Court 5. Interstate commerce act 6. A) steel industry, vertical B) oil baron, horizontal C) banking, interlocking directorate 7. Bessemer / Kelly 8. U.S. Steel Corporation 9. 14th amendment 10. Railroad corporations and unions 11. Cotton & textiles; not unionized, cheap labor 12. Corporations 13. A) 2 B) 1 C) 3 14. Nationwide spiritual and moral revival, sexual purity, protected the moral fiber of people 15. It became smaller 16. Reproductive rights, suffrage, 17. Prohibition 18. The ornamental style of architecture such as skyscrapers, and large buildings 19. They found it very important and tried to preserve it. They did in-home rituals, developed religious schools and ethnic enclaves, and were responsible for their practicing privately. Also an increase in nativists attitude. 20. They were in favor of the laws because they were trying to protect American values from immigration. 21. The Knights of Labor 22. National Labor Union 23. American Federation of Labor 24. They are all related in the fact that mostly immigrants lived in them A) slums- area of great poverty inside of cities B) Dumbbell Tenements- apartments that are shaped like a dumbbell that are dangerous to get out of in case of fire C) homes where unemployed citizens, transient, or new citizens...
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...Take Home Quiz Section One: Chapter 11 1. True 2. False 3. True Chapter 12 1. True 2. True 3. True Chapter 13 1. True 2. False 3. False Chapter 14 1. False 2. True 3. False Chapter 15 1. True 2. True 3. True Chapter 16 1. False 2. True 3. True Chapter 17 1. False 2. True 3. True Chapter 18 1. False 2. True 3. True Chapter 19 1. False 2. True 3. True Chapter 20 1. False 2. True 3. True Section Two: Chapter 11 1. (a) Two key factors 2. (b) Little to do with human resource decisions 3. (c) planning Chapter 12 1. (b) Isn’t always smooth 2. (d) Who work in construction and manufacturing 3. (b) A third party called a mediator who encourages both sides in a dispute to continue negotiating and often makes suggesting for resolving the matter. Chapter 13 1. (c) Four steps 2. (c) Geographic segmentation 3. (c) Four Chapter 14 1. (c) Four general categories 2. (d) Brand Loyalty 3. (c) Four Chapter 15 1. (b) Whole set of marketing intermediaries 2. (d) Multiple modes of transportation 3. (b) Three Chapter 16 1. (b) Two very different things 2. (c) Unethical 3. (a) Do not give any time to the community in which they live. Chapter 17 1. (b) two very different things 2. (c) Unethical 3. (a) Do not give any time to the community in which they live. Chapter 18 1. (b) Two...
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...Labor Management Relations Labor management as a definitive term spans over the centuries. Despite the age and issues presented over the years, labor management and, more pointedly, unions continue to be the subject of great debate in today’s business and government environments. As workers and union representatives remain in the forefront of corporate debates over workers rights and wages, one must question how effective labor management relations are today. Unions present the opportunity for workers to have a representative voice; however, as history proves, unions also present the opportunity for union heads to fulfill self-serving agendas that offer little, if any, respite to workers. As such, this paper examines the history of labor management relations to set the stage for included discussion on current labor and union issues to determine how beneficial unions are and whether they do more harm than good in protecting workers’ rights. History Von Otter defines labor management relations as being related to “the rules and policies which govern and organize employment, how these are established and implemented, and how they affect the needs and interests of employees and employers” (np). Labor management relations involves both industry and economics and often encompasses strategic human resources. However, not all sectors of business, economic and social environments “work” well together as history has proven. The world economy experienced massive growth in the twentieth...
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...[pic] |[pic] | | |3.5.3 Test (TS): Populism and | | |Progressivism | | |Test | | | | | | |[pic] | | |U.S. History since the Civil War (S2978848) | | |Billy Jean Bonilla-Davila | | | ...
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