...Unit 1. Case Study 1. Tell Me About Blood 1. What is the significance of a lower-than-normal hematocrit? What is the effect of a bacterial infection on the hematocrit? (PAGE 618 619) First, hematocrit (HCT) is the percentage of blood made up of red blood cells. Usually measured by centrifuging a blood sample in a graduated tube and then reading the volume of red blood cells and dividing it by the total volume of blood in a sample. A significant drop in hematocrit is an indication of anemia (lower-than-normal number of red blood cells (Jenkins & Tortora, 2013). A bacterial infection would increase the production of white blood cells to fight off the infection. The hematocrit would have a thicker buffer layer (white blood cells) causing the red blood cell production to slightly decrease which would decrease the ratio of red blood cells to whole blood volume. 2. Compare the development of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements. (PAGES 629 631 632 769) Lymphocytes and the other formed elements are developed from pluripotent stem cells. The pluripotent stem cells generate myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells. Myeloid stem cells start and complete their development in red bone marrow and give rise to red blood cells, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes. Lymphoid stem cells begin development in the red bone marrow, but some are completed in the lymphatic tissues, where they give rise to lymphocytes. The B cell lymphocytes...
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...1. What is the significance of a lower-than-normal hematocrit? What is the effect of a bacterial infection on the hematocrit? The significance of lower than normal hematocrit is anemia. This can be caused by nutritional deficiency, loss of blood, bone marrow problems, or abnormal hematocrit. The effect of bacterial infection would cause a decrease in hematocrit. 2. Compare the development of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements. Leukocytes are produced or stored in many locations in the body, including the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. The two kinds of lymphocytes are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. Lymphocytes start out in the bone marrow and either stay there to mature into B cells, or they leave for the thymus gland, where they mature into T cells. Other formed elements, such as blood is a mixture of plasma and other substances which are developed through red blood cells or erythrocytes. Thrombocytes or platelets are formed by fragmentation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. 3. What is Erythropoiesis? Which factors speed up and slow down erythropoiesis? Erythropoiesis is the process of red blood cell formation or production which begins in the red bone marrow as a proerythroblast. It then divides several times until it reaches the end of development, ejects the nucleus, and becomes a reticulocyte. These develop into erythrocytes within one or two days after release from the bone marrow. Erythropoiesis slows down when there is a sufficient...
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...Unit 1 Case Study 1: Tell me about blood. 1. Lower than normal Hematocrit indicates Anemia. Hematocrit does not have enough Hemoglobin which is an oxygen carrying protein in red blood cells that results in having Iron, B12 and Folic Acid deficiencies. The main causes of developing Anemia include: medications and pregnancy, but the more serious causes include: kidney disease and cancer of the kidney, also leukemia and lymphoma. A bacterial infection on the Hematocrit can cause the white blood cell count to raise but lower Hematocrit. 2. Lymphocytes and other formed elements develop from Pluripotent cells. Pluripotent stem cells generate Myeloid and lymphoid stem cells. The Myeloid stem cells starts and completes development in red bone marrow and raises red blood cells, Platelets Eosinophils, Basophils, Neutrophils and Monocytes. The Lymphoid stem cells develop in red bone marrow but complete in the Lymphocytes tissue. 3. Erythropoiesis is the production of red blood cells or Erythrocytes. It slows down when there is a decrees in oxygen carrying capacity of blood but speeds up when oxygen is delivered to the kidneys and other tissue foils. 4. If a person with type B where to receive Type O blood there would be no negative effects because Type O blood is universal. 5. A: The WBC that has a round nucleus surrounded by a blue halo of cytoplasm with no visible granules is called Lymphocytes. B: the WBA that contains dense blue-purple granules that hides...
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...Unit 1 Case Study 1 Tell Me about Blood Paige Keegan March 24, 2016 ITT-Technical Institute 1. How does the volume of blood in your body compare to the volume of fluid in a two-liter bottle of soda? In the average-sized male the blood volume is 5-6 liters and 4-5 in the adult female. (Pg. 616) 2. What is the significance of a lower-than-normal hematocrit? A higher-than-normal hematocrit? Lower-than-normal hematocrit indicates anemia. Higher-than-normal hematocrit indicates polycythemia. (Pg. 619) 3. How is the development of lymphocytes unique when compared to the development of the other formed elements? B Lymphocytes develop in red bone marrow, T lymphocytes develop in red bone marrow and mature in the thymus; the other formed elements develop in red bone marrow. 4. How are red blood cells able to squeeze through capillaries that are smaller in diameter than they are? The cell membrane is strong and flexible, so it can deform without rupturing the cell. (pg. 622) 5. Why do red blood cells live for only about 120 days? Because of the wear and tear their plasma membranes undergo as they squeeze through blood capillaries. (pg. 622) 6. What is erythropoiesis? What factors speed up and slow down erythropoiesis? Erythropoiesis is production of RBCs. Erythropoiesis is speeded up when oxygen delivery to the kidneys falls and slows down when there is sufficient oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. (pg. 624) 7. What would happen if a person...
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...MPE711: Global Trade and Markets ASSESSMENT GUIDE In both assessment 1 (presentation) and assessment 2 (written research article) you will be required to work in a group on the same research topic. Groups should consist of 3 to 4 individuals. Exceptions to this can be made for offcampus students if they can demonstrate difficulty in finding group members. You are free to form your own groups, whether through face-to-face contact or by using the ‘group formation’ forum on CloudDeakin. Ensure once your group is formed that you register it on CloudDeakin. You are required to finalise your group formation by the second week of trimester. GROUP WORK TIPS Your group will benefit from diversity. You are encouraged to form groups with a broad range of skills covering quantitative analysis, writing, editing skills and leadership skills. You should also try to form groups that cover diverse industry groups and cultural backgrounds. You should consider appointing a leader for the group. The role of the leader is to coordinate meetings and set deadlines. However, the group should still agree on decisions made by the leader and the group cannot expect the leader to bear responsibility for the group’s performance. At the initial stage, avoid assigning different tasks to each member. You are encouraged to work as a group, meaning you should first think about the project as a whole, write down some bullet points, and then meet together to work out a plan prior to the assigning of tasks...
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...positive resultson an over-the-counter urine test, and confirmed through a blood test,ultrasound, detection of fetal heartbeat, or an X-ray. Pregnancy lasts forabout nine months, measured from the date of the woman's lastmenstrual period (LMP). It is conventionally divided into three trimesters,each roughly three months long.When gestation has completed, it goes through a processcalled delivery, where the developed fetus is expelled from the mother’swomb. There are two options of delivery: Cesarean section and NSVD ornormal spontaneous vaginal delivery. A cesarean section is a surgicalincision through the mother’s abdomen and uterus to deliver one or morefetuses. NSVD or normal spontaneous vaginal delivery is the delivery of the baby through vaginal route. It can also be called NSD or normalspontaneous delivery, or SVD or spontaneous vaginal delivery, where themother delivers the baby with effort and force exertion.Normal labor is defined as the gradual subjugation anddilatation of the uterine cervix as a result of rhythmic uterine contractionsleading to the expulsion of the products of conception: the delivery of thefetus, membranes, umbilical cord, and placenta. Laboring cannot that beeasy; thereby implicating that there are processes and stages to beundertaken to achieve spontaneous delivery. Through which, Obstetricshave divided labor into four (4) stages thereby explaining this continuousprocess. STAGE 1: It is usually the longest part of labor. It begins withregular uterine...
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...Instructions: All questions apply to this case study. Your responses should be brief and to the point. When asked to provide several answers, list them in order of priority or significance. Do not assume information that is not provided. Please print or write clearly. If your response is not legible, it will be marked as ? and you will need to rewrite it. Scenario D.Z., a 65 year-old man, is admitted to a medical floor for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, emphysema). He has a past medical history of hypertension, which has been well controlled by Enalapril (Vasotec) for the past 6 years, has had pneumonia yearly for the past 3 years, and has been a 2 pack-a-day smoker for 38 years. He appears as a cachectic man who is experiencing difficulty breathing at rest. He reports cough productive of thick yellow-green sputum. D.Z. seems irritable and anxious; he complains of sleeping poorly and states that lately feels tired most of the time. His vital signs (VS) are 162/84, 124 HR, 36 RR, 102 degrees F, Sao2 88%. His admitting diagnosis is an acute exacerbation of chronic emphysema. Chart View Physician’s OrdersDiet as toleratedOut of bed with assistanceOxygen (O2) to maintain Sao2 of 90%IV of D5W at 50 ml/hrECG monitoringArterial blood gases (ABGs) in AMCBC with differential nowBasic metabolic panel (BMP) nowChest x-ray (CXR) q 24 hrs. Sputum cultureAlbuterol 2.5 mg plus ipratropium 250 mcg nebulizer treatment STAT | 1. Explain the pathophysiology of emphysema...
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...infection after injury and/or exposure on duty L Roets, Ph.D School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State LEZiady,M.Soc.Sc School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State. Keywords: Nurse, experience, HIV, infection, injury, exposure. Abstract: Curationis 31 (4): 13-23 The purpose of the research was to describe the experience of nurses in the studied hospital who had been exposed to possible HIV infection during injury or exposure on duty. A qualitative phenomenological descriptive study was used to describe the emotions and non-verbal reactions of the twelve participants during two subsequent in-depth interviews. These were conducted post-exposure, and after counselling and prophylactic treatment took place. The nursing staffs from a selected private hospital Were included in the study after exposure of blood and/or human body fluid. After completion of the study, it was found that the exposed staff's experience had two main categories. Firstly, they were grieving for the loss of the concept of being healthy and invincible, blessed with nursing sldlls and definite goals in life. The bereavement process included phases of denial, anger, anxiety and fear, with recurring thoughts regarding the adverse events, as well as acceptance which developed with time. The bereavement process and shock of the exposure had wider consequences to the family, as well as an impact on the working environment. Most participants reported...
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...PROJECT-1 “MARKET ANALYSIS & PERCEPTION ON PRE-PROBIOTICS” PROJECT-2 “MARKET ANALYSIS & PERCEPTION ON FERROUS ASCORBATE” A PROJECT REPORT Submitted By GAYATRI .P. PAWAR Roll No. 35 In Partial Fulfilment For The Award Of The Diploma Of PGDM IN PHARMACEUTICAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT GUIDE: INTERNAL GUIDE : MR .KAPIL.MUDLIAR MRS.SUMANA BOSE (PRODUCT MANAGER) (FACULTY) DUPEN LABORITIES PVT. SIESCOMS. S.I.E.S COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES MAY 2010 - JUNE2010 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project work entitled “MARKET ANALYSIS AND PERCEPTION ON PRE-PROBIOTICS” –PROJECT 1 MARKET ANALYSIS AND PERCEPTION ON LATEST HEMATINIC (FERROUS ASCORBATE+ FOLIC ACID)- PROJECT 2 submitted to SIES COLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, NERUL NAVI MUMBAI is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Mrs.SUMANA BOSE, Faculty Member,and Dr. Suhas Tambe ,HOD. this project work has not performed the basis for the award of any Degree or diploma/ associate ship/fellowship and similar project if any. GAYATRI PAWAR ABSTRACT The main goal of the report was to investigate about the PRE-PROBIOTICS molecule, its...
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...Unit 1 Case Study 1: Tell Me about Blood Christie Wolford Breckenridge School of Nursing The normal range of hematocrit (percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells) is 38-46 for (average) females and 40-54 in (average) males, a lower than normal hematocrit indicates anemia; a less than normal percentage of red blood cells occupying the blood volume, red blood cells carry oxygen. When there is a low hematocrit that means that there is not enough oxygen being circulated throughout the body because there are not enough red blood cells. When there is a bacterial infection the hematocrit are not affected, red blood cells are transporters, not defenders. Hematocrit is only the percentage of red blood cells contained within a sample and no other cells. The bacterial infection will cause there to be an increase of white blood cells, as they are the ones on the “front line” of invasion protection. (Jenkins, Tortora, 2013) Unlike red blood cells; white blood cells have nuclei and a full set of other organelles, but no hemoglobin. (this is a given as hemoglobin is what gives red cells their color)Lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes, meaning they possess cytoplasmic granules. All formed elements develop from pluripotent stem cells, however lymphocytes derive from lymphoid stem cells rather than myeloid stem cells. Lymphoid stem cells begin development in the red bone marrow and complete it in lymphatic tissues creating lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Lymphocytes...
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...weapons, or manufacture firearms out of there Legos or even play battle and take a stab at wrestling proceeds onward their cushion? Well I think I may have a response to that. Most normal American children have a gaming framework (PS4, Xbox-1 or WII) in their homes. Some of these practices are cause by the sorts of feature recreations that the kids play. A few amusements are excessively fierce for children or youngsters, making it impossible to handle. Diversion architect use ESRB appraisals to rate the recreations as indicated by the age best fit for gaming. Let's about-face in time and take a gander at the historical backdrop of feature diversions, and see when viciousness was present. Why did fashioners make the amusements more savage? What sort of roughness was placed in feature amusements then and now? Do specialists accept that feature amusements are the reason for brutality in kids and teenagers? These are the issues that will be replied in this paper. Thesis:...
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...Blood donation behaviour Context and problem/opportunity The Australian Red Cross Blood Service is becoming increasingly concerned as the number of people donating blood is failing to meet the high demand of blood required. At some point, around 30% of the Australian population will require blood (Godin, Sheeran, Connor, & Germain , 2005). The underlying problem is that only 3% of the eligible population donate blood regularly (Godin, Sheeran, Connor, & Germain , 2005). In particular, Generation Y, who made 150,000 donations, present a problematic age group, as their retention rate is only 61% (Godin, Sheeran, Connor, & Germain , 2005). Young donors, aged below 25, make up the lowest generation for repeat donations. As a consultant to the RCBS, it is vital to understand why Australians choose to disengage with blood donation, in order to retain them as active donors. Literature Review Many scholars have undertaken research into the implications of blood donation and specifically, reasons as to why the retention rate is so low. One of the overarching issues discussed by academics is the effect of the gap between intention and behaviour. Research has found that a positive intention to give blood is not sufficient for an individual to actually perform the behaviour (Pomazal and Jaccard, 1976). Intentions represent a person’s motivation in the sense of his or hers conscious plan or decision to exert effort to enact the behaviour (Connor and Armitage, 1998)...
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... However the documentation of these images by the new wave of terrorism anarchist led in a smart way, reopened the case, which was controversial square elitist confined to the corridors between human rights organizations and international institutions related to the general phenomenon posed by the media without criticism. Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) is one of the numerous groups established in 1975, appeared to fight for the Tamil minority rights against the Sinhalese majority, looking for an independent habitat for Tamil people in the north and east of Sri Lanka. After the Indian Peace Keeping Force attack in October 1987, the LTTE began abducting and forcing large amounts of women and children (many under 15) to fight. Children were immediately trained for massed attacks in battles, they have been the LTTE leader’s most preferred recruits as they can be easily brain washed into suicide bomber, which was their main purpose. Over 90% of the LTTE cadre had been recruited as underage. Child soldering is considered one of the most heinous war crimes committed against humanity. UNICEF statistics indicate 1,591 cases against the LTTE up to end may2007. Once recruited either by force or otherwise, the children are separated from the rest of the world and trained to do all sorts of terrorist acts including killing Sinhalese and Muslim children. 5,794 cases of child abductions have been reported against the LTTE between January 2001 and December 2006 period. All of these...
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...Can Women Serve In Combat? The Military Leadership Diversity Commission is recommending that the Pentagon do away with a policy that bans women from serving in combat units, breathing new life into a debate that really should never have developed in the first place. Let’s take a look at the reasons for the current ban, and the reasons why some may be trying to lift the ban that keeps women from serving in direct combat roles. First, Let Me Be Clear Let me be clear in efforts to head off any “you hate women” ignorance. This article is not about whether women should be allowed to serve in the military in general. This is specifically about why I personally believe women (female or trans-gendered) should not be allowed to, forced into, pressured, or even given the option to serve in direct combat roles such as Infantry, Sniper, Special Forces, Recon, Ranger, SEAL, Combat Diver, or Delta units. In my opinion, this is a common sense issue… but to no surprise, the “well-educated” people that have done studies and compiled reports commissioned by the government seem to be incapable of utilizing a commodity such as common sense. And trust me, I have seen many women, especially in the Marine Corps, that were highly capable, willing and able to serve in infantry and combat-related roles. There’s more to it than that. Reasons Why Women Should Not Serve In Direct Combat Roles Strength, equality, logistics, safety and emotions are a few main areas that I would like to discuss...
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...copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCall, Ruth E., author. Phlebotomy essentials / Ruth E. McCall, Retired Director of Phlebotomy and Clinical Laboratory Assistant Programs, Central New Mexico Community College, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Cathee M. Tankersley, MT(ASCP), President, NuHealth Educators, LLC, Faculty, Emeritus, Phoenix College, Phoenix, Arizona. — Fifth Edition. p. ; cm. Includes...
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