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Unit 1 Reasearch

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Unit 1 Research 1

1. SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce in the early 1970s. This initial version was called SEQUEL which stands for Structured English Query Language, was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in System R which was a database management system, developed in the 1970’s by IBM. Eventually SEQUEL was changed to SQL because, SEQUEL was a trademark of the Hawker-Siddeley aircraft company. In the late 1970s, Relational Software, Inc. (Oracle) developed their own SQL-based RDBMS which they tried to market towards U.S. Government agencies. The first commercially available implementation of SQL was introduced in June 1979 by Relation Software Inc for VAX systems. Currently, there have been 8 total revisions to the SQL standard as of 2012.

2. There are many express versions of major commercial databases, some examples are Microsoft’s SQL Express, Oracle’s Oracle Express and DB2’s DB2 Express. Microsoft’s SQL Express can manage SQL Server 2012 Express databases with SQL Server Management Studio Express, connect to local SQL Server 2012 Express databases and manage objects with full Object Explorer integration. Microsoft’s SQL Express can also write, execute, and test queries by using visual query plans that provide hints to tune queries and access management and maintenance options. Oracle Express is an entry-level, small-footprint database based on the Oracle Database 11g Release 2 code base. It is open source which means that, it is free to develop, deploy, and distribute while also being fast to download; and simple to administer. DB2 Express is also open source and is an ideal entry level database system suitable for transaction processing and handling of complex query workloads. It is optimized to utilize up to 4 processor cores and 8GB of memory and provides an enterprise level set of

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