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Unit 23

In: Other Topics

Submitted By jheaphy96
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Acupuncture
Acupuncture is a treatment derived from ancient Chinese medicine in which fine needles are inserted at certain points in the body for therapeutic or preventative purposes. It is often seen as a form of complementary or alternative medicine, although it is used in many general practises as well as the majority of pain clinics and hospices in the UK.
Western medicine is the use of acupuncture after a proper diagnosis. It is based on scientific evidence that show the treatment can stimulate nerves under the skin and in muscle tissue. This results in the body producing pain and relieving substances such as endorphins.
Acupuncture practitioners sometimes called acupuncturists use acupuncture to treat a wide range of health conditions such as headaches, lower back pain but sometimes used in an attempt to help people with conditions such as anxiety to asthma.
The national institute for health and care excellence only recommends considering acupuncture as a treatment option for chronic lower back pain, chronic tension type headaches and migraines. When it is carried out by a qualified practitioner. Acupuncture is generally very safe and some people may experience some side effects such has feeling drowsy or dizzy but these are usually mild and short lived.
Acupuncture is available on the NHS most often from GP’s or physiotherapist although access is limited. Most acupuncture patients pay for private treatment. The cost varies widely between practitioners. Initial session usually cost between £35-£60 and further sessions cost between £30-£50. Acupuncture sessions usually last for 20-40 minutes.
Practitioners will ask you about your general health and medical history. After this procedure he will begin to insert acupuncture needles. There are placed in specific places on the body, which they call acupuncture points. You will be asked to sit or lie down. The needles are very fine and only a few centimetres long. They are for single use only and can be placed from 1 to 12 points on the body.
Needles are inserted just under the skin or deeper in order for it to reach muscle tissue and left in there only for a few minutes or may be left in there for 30 minutes depending on what the practitioner think would be suitable for your diagnosis. In some cases they may have to rotate the needles or stimulate them with a mild electric current known as electroaclosture. There is no statutory regulation of acupuncture in England but many non-medical acupuncture practitioners are required to register with their local authority. This is because of the risk of blood borne infections from piercing the skin with the acupuncture needles.
There are special laws to ensure they are properly qualified to carry out certain standards or codes of practise. The local authority must also ensure it has bylaws that govern the cleanliness of the acupuncture premises, practitioner, instrument, material and equipment.

Aromatherapy
Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils to promote wellness and good health. It is a gentle therapy that uses natural essential oils to promote emotional and physical health and well being. The oils can be inhaled or applied to the skin when diluted often through massage. Aromatherapy sessions are usually 60-90 minutes long.
The therapist will usually ask you a few questions about your lifestyle and medical health history to help them select the appropriate oils for the session. Aromatherapy can be administered in different ways such has inhalation, oils can be vaporised in an oil burner, added to hot bath or into a hot bowl of water and then breathed in. you can also administer it to the skin, when it is diluted.
Oils are blended with carrier oils and then added into a lotion or used in a compress. The most common way for aromatherapy to be applied to the skin is by massage. Some therapist recommend leaving the oils on for 6-8 hours for them to be fully absorbed. At the end of the session the therapist may give the client a blend of the oils to use at home.
Aromatherapy aims to treat the cause as well as the symptoms of a disease or problem and it also looks at the person as a whole.
Different oils are said to have different properties, which may affect emotion or act like medicines such has anaesthetics. Essential oils are thought to stimulate a part of the brain called the limbic system via the sense of smell. This system is linked to memories, mood states and stress levels.
Aromatherapy is thought to promote emotional balance and good physical health through this system.
There are no laws, which regulate aromatherapy, so the therapist does not have to be registered to practise. The therapist may choose to register with one of the two federal regulatory bodies that have been set up. Registration is voluntary, so lack of registration does not mean the therapist is not qualified.
Sessions tend to cost between £30-£60 depending on the length of time of the treatment or the location of where you are having the treatment. Aromatherapy can also be offered on the NHS to patients suffering with cancer.

Chiropractors
Chiropractors use their hands to treat disorders of the bones, muscles and joints. Treatments that involve using the hands in this way are called ‘manual therapies’. They use a range of techniques with an emphasis on manipulation of the spin. They may also offer advice on diet, exercise and life style and rehabilitation programmes that have exercise to do in your own time.
It treats conditions related to the spine such has lower back or neck pain, however some claim to treat a wider range of conditions such as asthma or IBS.
The use of chiropractic in the NHS is limited. Most people who use a chiropractor pay for private treatment. On average a session will cost around £30-£45. The treatment usually involves hands on manipulation techniques, which focus on the spine. Sessions normally last between 15-30 minutes. The length of a course of treatment will depend on the type and severity of symptoms.
The course of sessions usually requires 9 visits. The chiropractor will advise you on treatments, this may involve manipulation of your muscles, bones and joints often in the spine. It may also massage or manipulation of soft tissue.
The treatment technique used or most associated with chiropractic is spinal manipulation. They use their hands to apply force to the muscles, bones and joints around your spine. They use a range of different techniques including short, sharp thrusts applied to the spine, gradually moving joints through a range of different positions and pulling and stretching muscles in a certain direction.
Statutory regulation of chiropractic works in the same way as regulations for conventional medical doctors. This means it is illegal to practise as a chiropractor or call yourself one unless you are registered. The general chiropractic council only accept registration from practitioner who has certain qualification codes of practise: * Respect patient’s dignity, individuality and privacy. * Respect patients to be involved in decisions about their treatment and health. * Justify public be honest and trustworthy. * Provide good standard of practise and care * Protect patients/colleagues from harm
Around 50% of patients report experience adverse effects after spinal manipulation. The effects are moderate and minor and develop within 4 hours after a session and resolve within 1 or 2 days.

Homeopathy
This is a treatment that is based on the use of highly diluted substances, which the practitioner claims can cause the body to heal itself. Homeopathy is a complementary or alternative medicine. This means hat homeopathy is different in important ways from treatments that are part of conventional western medicine. Practitioners believe that the substance is diluted in this way, the greater its power to treat symptoms. Many homeopathic remedies consist of substances that have been diluted many times in water until there is none left.
It is used to treat an extremely wide range of conditions, including physical conditions such as asthma and psychological conditions such as depression.
Homeopathy is not available on the NHS in all areas of the country, but there are several NHS homeopathic hospitals and some GP’s offer treatment. It usually practised privately and the remedies are available from pharmacies.
The price for a consultation with a homeopathic can vary from around £20-£80. Homeopathic tablets or products usually cost around £4-£10. The most common condition that people seek homeopathic treatments for are asthma, ear infections, hay fever and high blood pressure.
There is no legal regulation of homeopathic practitioners in the UK. This means that any one can practise as a homeopath even if they have no qualification or experience.
Homeopathic remedies are generally safe and the risk of serious adverse side effects arising from taking these remedies is thought to be small.

Hydrotherapy
Hydrotherapy is the use of water in the treatment of different conditions, including arthritis and related rheumatic complaints. Hydrotherapy differs from swimming because it involves special exercises that you do in a warm water pool. The water temperature is usually 33-36°C, which is warmer than a typical swimming pool.
Hydrotherapy treatment can take place within a hospitals physiotherapy department. Usually a physiotherapist or a physiotherapist’s assistant with specialist training will show you how to do the exercises. The focus of the exercises can be adjusted to help your range of movement of strength, depending on your symptoms. Hydrotherapy can be quite strenuous, as its generally more focused on slow, controlled movements and relaxation.
Hydrotherapy is beneficial regardless of how many of your joints are affected. It is sometimes used if you’ve had joint replacement surgery or if you have back pain or osteoarthritis, but it can also be used for other types of arthritis. Normally during a session you will share the pool with other people during your treatment, although the exercises will usually be tailored to each individual. However sometimes group sessions are provided for people with similar conditions.
Hydrotherapy can help you in a number of different ways: * The warmth of the water allows your muscles to relax and eases the pain in your joints, helping you to exercise * The water supports your weight, which helps to relieve pain and increases the range of movement of your joints * The water can be used to provide resistance to moving your joints. By pushing your arms and legs against the water, you can also improve your muscle strength.
Hydrotherapy sessions are available on the NHS and most hospitals have access to hydrotherapy pools. Any member of the healthcare team should be able to refer you to an NHS physiotherapist if they think you will benefit from it.
Before you start hydrotherapy, a physiotherapist will see you in your hospitals department, on the hospitals physiotherapy department. They will ask you about your general health and your arthritis and access your individual needs. Using this information and the information provided by your doctor, the physiotherapist would advise on whether hydrotherapy is right for you. This initial assessment normally takes about 30-45 minutes.
A course of hydrotherapy usually involves five or six 30-minute sessions.

Hypnotherapy
Hypnotherapy is a type of complementary that uses hypnosis, an altered state of consciousness. Hypnosis is widely promoted as a treatment for various long-term conditions and for breaking certain habits.
Non-professionals with little training also offer some doctors, dentists and counsellors, practise hypnotherapy but non-professionals can offer it with little training.
A private hypnotherapy session can cost anywhere from £50and £90. Its unlikely you would get it on the NHS. People who use the power of hypnosis to help deal with the vast range of problems.
Hypnosis is not a state of deep state. It does involve the induction of a trance-like condition, but when in it the patient is actually in an enhanced state of awareness, concentrating entirely on the hypnotist’s voice. In this state, the conscious mind is suppressed and the subconscious mind is revealed. It can be applied to many psychological emotional and physical disorders. Also phobias can be treated with hypnotherapy.
The subconscious mind is the seat of all your emotions and therefore directs nearly all of your behaviour. Mostly important the subconscious mind is responsible for maintaining the body for good health and for all the automatic process e.g. breathing, blood circulating and tissue repair. It is a doorway to this inner world.
In the UK there is no legislation to control hypnotherapy, in effect this means that there is a poorly trained hypnotherapist.
The HA registers ensures that all of our members have met a minimum criteria to ensure a safe, ethical and knowledgeable service.

Iridology
This is the study of the iris to diagnose disease. Iridology is not regulated or licensed by any governmental agency. Iridology is based on the questionable assumption that every organ in the human body has a corresponding location within the iris and that one can determine whether an organ is healthy or diseased by examining the iris rather than the iris itself.
Iridology has 2 major types: 1) Clinical iridology- this is where practitioners look at signs in the iris to get more information about tissue integrity in different parts of the body. This is the type that naturopath doctors learn during their training moat frequently. 2) Rayid iridology- this looks at signs in the iris to gain information about personality characteristics.
Iridology claims that the eyes often provide signs of disease. Iridologists maintain that each organ has a counter part in the eye and can determine the state of the organ health by looking out of a particular section of the eye.
The marking and patterns in the iris are compared to an iris chart, which maps zones of the iris and links them to parts of the body. The iris of the eye is comprised of many thousands of individual fibres, amongst which are located nerve endings, which are linked directly to the brain.
An initial iridology consultation can cost up to £60 with follow up sessions costing around £45. Your first appointment may last from 45-90 minutes as the iridologist gains n understanding of your general health and carries out the examination.
The benefits of iridology are that it treats the person instead of the symptoms. The body has healing wisdom given the opportunity to do so.

Massage
Massage may help with people who are having problems relaxing or getting to sleep. These therapies can help you with pain, muscle, stiffness, breathlessness, anxiety and fatigue. The massage therapist uses gentle movements with the addition of essential oil to enhance the effect of massage.
Essential oils are also used in aroma sticks and diffusers for additional help with symptoms management. Patients can be offered four one-hour sessions and you can have more sessions if you require them.
Each session cost around £45. People use a variety of health-related purposes including to relieve pain, rehabilitate, sport injuries, reduce stress and increase relaxation, address anxiety and depression and aid general wellness.
Massage therapists work in a variety of nursing homes, studios and sport and fitness facilities. They usually try to provide a calm, soothing environment.
Therapists usually ask new patients about symptoms, medical history and desired results. The may also perform an evaluation through touch, to locate painful or tense areas and determine how much pressure to apply.
Typically the patient lies on a table, either in loose-fitting clothing or undressed (covered with a sheet). The therapist may use oil or lotion to reduce friction on the skin. Sometimes people receive massage therapy while sitting on a chair.
A massage may be brief but may also last an hour or may longer.
Common licenses that massage therapist have are: * LMT: licensed massage therapist * LMP: licensed massage practitioner * CMT: certified massage therapist

Naturopathy
Naturopathy is a health practitioner who applies natural therapies. It includes approved natural healing practises such as homeopathy, acupuncture and herbal medicine. A naturopath’s to apply natural method of healing is of considerable importance.
A naturopath usually practises in a freelance environment with the option to work in hospitals. An initial consultation with a naturopath normally takes about an hour. During this time the naturopath will ask questions about the person’s medical history, diet and lifestyle and any conventional treatment that they may be taking.
The consulting naturopath may use iridology to get s better picture of the complete health state of the client. There is a general council of registered naturopaths. Their purpose is to establish and maintain standards of education of practitioners. The governing body is to practise naturopathy from an ethical and professional manor, which conforms to standards of registration.
Naturopaths aren’t registered under the NHS. However naturopathy is a complimentary orthodox medicine therefore some doctors do refer their patients to naturopaths if they feel the patients will benefit from a naturopath.
The first consultation will last 1 and half hours. It will cost around £70. A follow up will last up to an hour and this could cost around £55.
Naturopathic approach may be based on the patient’s health symptom profile: * Stomach and small intestine targeted digestive enzyme, bitter tasting herbs, probiotics and nutritional cleanse * Immune enhancing herbs and multi vitamins and minerals * Dietary restrictions, herbs for cardiovascular system * Nerve tonics, multi minerals and vitamin complex * Dietary restrictions and replacements, pancreatic enzymes, herbs controlling appetite centre of the brain.

Reflexology
In reflexology, the thumbs and fingers are used to press areas of the hands and feet thought to be connected to organs, glands and other parts of the body. Reflexology may be beneficial to many conditions, helping to reduce stress and promote relaxation.
People who have had reflexology report benefits such has relaxation and reduced anxiety. During your first session the reflexologist will ask you some question about your medical history, lifestyle and health. The reflexologist will use this information to help decided which areas on our feet to treat.
The therapist will start by gently massaging your foot to help you relax. They then use their fingers and thumbs to apply pressures to specific points of the feet. Some therapist use oils or lotions to lubricate the skin and may add aromatherapy oils.
Pressure in some areas may feel sensitive or uncomfortable, but should not be painful. Reflexology sessions are usually 30 minutes to about an hour long and a course of treatment normally lasts for 6 to 8 sessions, though this may be extended.
Reflexology is a powerful therapy, which has been shown to have very positive effect on health and wellbeing. When a part of the body is not working and its best, a sensitive area will be found in the corresponding part of the foot or hand when pressure is applied to it.
By working over sensitive reflexes through a number of reflexology treatment the tenderness will usually reduce as the body begins to function properly again.
The general aim is to reduce stress, increase relaxation, improve circulation, reflexology is offered to aid relaxation and reduce anxiety.
Reflexology is also thought to relieve pain and sickness caused by cancer and its treatment, improve wellbeing and support the immune system.
If practised by a qualified and appropriately experienced reflexologist. Reflexology is considered safe. There are very few side effects or problems associated with reflexology have been reported.
Sessions can cost between £25 to £60 per hour. Some hospitals and cancer care centres offer reflexology free of charge or at a reduced cost. There are currently no laws to govern reflexology.
However, there are a number of trustworthy organisations that certify reflexologist and support voluntary regulation. Reflexology is now available on the NHS.
There are many people that can run courses for reflexologists to train, it is important that you use a reflexologist that has trained with an approved awarding body such as ITEC, VTCT and city and guilds.

Relaxation
Relaxation may be offered to you in various forms e.g. groups, individually as part of other therapies offered to you. If you have anxiety disorder or other stress related difficulties. Relaxation is a way of teaching you how to release the tension in your body and relax your muscles. This helps calm your mind.
When the average person is awake, many thoughts are going through their mind. The waking mind is very active. During sleep the mind can remain active, though the rhythm is slower than that of the mind awake.
The aim of relaxation therapy is to quite the mind, to allow thoughts to flow in a smooth, level rhythm, and induce the relaxation response. This mental quiet allows for rest and rejuvenation that does not always occur, even during sleep.
Relaxation does not attempt to empty the mind, since it is not possible to think of nothing. In relaxation, we focus the mind and relax both mind and body.
Relaxation techniques calm the body and provide a natural cure for anxiety by inducing the relaxation response- the opposite of the body’s stress response.
At a consultation the client will have a chance to discuss their needs with the qualified therapist and through this discussion the therapist is then able to adjust techniques and information to suit the client.
Your first session of relaxation therapy would cost around £60 and then further session would cost around £50. Each session would normally last around an hour. Relaxation group sessions or individual session are available on the NHS.

Osteopathy
Osteopathy is a way of detaching, treating and preventing health problems by moving, stretching and massaging a person’s muscles and joints, osteopathy is based on the principle that the wellbeing of an individual depends on their bones, muscles, ligaments and connective tissue functioning smoothly together. Osteopaths believe their treatments allow the body to heal itself. They use a range of techniques but do not use drugs or surgery.
Most people who see an osteopath do so for help with back pain, neck pain, shoulder pain or other problems related to muscles and joints. Some osteopaths also claim to treat a wide range of health conditions including asthma, digestive problems and period pain.
Osteopathy is not widely available on the NHS. Most people pay for osteopathy treatment privately. Treatment costs vary, but typically range from £35 to £50 for a 30-40 minute session.
Only people with the general osteopathic council are allowed to practise or call themselves osteopaths.
During your first session the osteopath will ask you about you symptoms and your general health before carrying out a physical examination. The osteopath will use their hands to find areas of weakness and tenderness, which restrict or strain your body, particularly at the spine.
An osteopath aims to restore the normal function and stability of the joints to help the body heal itself. They use their hands to treat your body in a variety of ways, using a mixture of gentle and forceful techniques. These include: * Massage-to release and relax muscles * Stretching stiff joints * Articulation- where your joints are moved through their natural range of motion * High-velocity thrusts- short, sharp movements to the spine, which normally produce a clicking noise similar to cracking your knuckles.
It is claimed that these techniques reduce pain and improve movement and encourage blood flow.
Osteopathy is one of only two complementary and alternative medicines that are regulated under UK law. Under the terms of the osteopaths Act 1993 only people registered with the general osteopathic council can practise.
Osteopathy is generally regarded as a safe treatment although you may experience minor side effects such has mild to moderate soreness or pain in the treatment area, headache or fatigue. These effects usually develop within a few hours of a session and typically get better on their own within a day or two.

The practise of complementary therapies is regulated by a special law that ensures that practitioners are properly qualified and adheres to certain standards or codes of practise. This is called statutory professional regulation. Both professionals of osteopathy and chiropractic are regulated in the same way. But there is no statutory professional regulation of any other complimentary therapies.
Most complementary therapists are not regulated by professional statutory regulation. This means it is up to you to find out whether your practitioner has qualifications and will be able to conduct treatment in a way that is acceptable to you.
The statutory professional regulation ensures that registered practitioners of osteopathy and chiropractic are properly qualified and that they practise in a way that is safe and ethical, following the standards and codes set by their professional regulators.
Regulation exists to protect patient safety, it does not by itself mean that thee is no scientific evidence that the treatment is effective.
Complementary therapies are treatments that fall outside of mainstream healthcare. These medicines and treatments range from acupuncture and homeopathy, to aromatherapy. In most cases the NHS does not offer patients complementary treatments. The national institute for health and care excellence (NICE) provides guidance to the NHS on the clinical and cost effective use of treatments and care of patients. NICE has recommended the use of complementary therapies in a limited number of circumstances.

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