...ORIGINAL COMMUNICATION Obesity, diet, and poverty: trends in the Russian transition to market economy L Jahns1, A Baturin2 and BM Popkin1* 1Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; and 2Institute of Nutrition, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia Objective: To examine trends in macronutrient intake, overweight, and obesity. Design: Cross-sectional samplesFcollected nine times between 1992 and 2000Ffrom the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey provide interviewer-administered 24-h diet recalls and measured height and weight, together with detailed information regarding income and expenditures. Setting: The Russian Federation. Subjects: Women and men, aged 19–55y. Interventions: None. Methods: A nationally representative sample of working-age Russian adults was stratified by gender and income (per cent of regional poverty level). Secular trends in mean energy and macronutrient intake, as well as prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population are described over the first 8y of the Russian Federation. Results: Overall, energy intake increased slightly. Fat, as a percentage of energy (E%), decreased from 39.6 to 31.6% and protein, as a per cent of energy, decreased from 14.3 to 12.5%. Overweight (determined by body mass index (BMI) Z25kg/ m2) prevalence remained relatively stable at about 50% and obesity (BMI Z30kg/m2) prevalence increased from 13.3 to 16.0% of the adult population. Women consumed less...
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...Health Nutrition: 14(4), 653–660 doi:10.1017/S1368980010002442 Pepsi and Coca Cola in Delhi, India: availability, price and sales Fiona C Taylor*, Ambika Satija, Swati Khurana, Gurpreet Singh and Shah Ebrahim South Asia Network for Chronic Disease, C-1/52 First Floor, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi 110016, India Submitted 19 February 2010: Accepted 16 July 2010: First published online 6 October 2010 Abstract Objective: India is experiencing increased consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated drinks, consumption that may be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The aim of the study was to determine the availability, price and quantity sold of ‘Pepsi’ and ‘Coca Cola’ in their ‘regular’ and ‘diet’ forms in Delhi and London. Design: A questionnaire about the availability, price and quantity sold per day of both regular and diet Pepsi and Coca Cola was devised and piloted. Using this, a survey of food and drink outlets within a 100 m radius of randomly selected Metro stations was conducted in both cities. Subjects: Store vendors, owners and staff of food and drink outlets. Setting: Delhi, India; London, United Kingdom. Results: In Delhi, of the outlets stocking regular Pepsi and Coca Cola, only 34 % sold diet versions and these were more readily available in the most affluent areas than in the poorest areas (34 % v. 6 %, Z 5 3?67, P , 0?001). This social patterning was not observed in London. Little price differential between regular and diet versions...
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...Results……………………………………………………………………Page 4-6 Works Cited……………………………………………………………Page 7 Appendix……………………………………………………………….Page 8-10 Purpose Statement This project will discuss the correlation between exercise and diet on the ever growing crisis of obesity in America. The dependent variable obesity is determined by independent variables; exercise (lack of) and diet. Americans are not getting adequate exercise to burn their caloric intake. This is not only a concern for adults, the CDC (center for disease control) reports that “most adolescents fall shorts of the recommended 60 minutes of aerobic physical activity each day, as only 18% of students in grades 9-12 met this recommendation in 2007.” Instead of exercising outdoors, children are turning to video games and television to occupy their time. Nicolas Stettler, MD performed a study that suggested that every hour children play video games or watch television may double their risk of obesity. With this being said I feel the most important independent variable in this relationship is exercise, or the lack of it. By teaching proper exercise and nutrition at a young age the likelihood of being obese as an adult diminishes. Definition of Variables The model used is: Y = X1 + X2 Where: Y = Obesity X1 = Exercise (lack of) X2 = Diet Y: The result or dependent variable is obesity. It is defined by the percentage of overweight people, children and adults in America. Data taken from the CDC (Center for disease control). X1: The...
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...Nutrition MIDTERM Review #1 1. The RDAs for most nutrients are 63 units 2. Dietary recommendations to prevent disease include all of the following except: 3. Which of the following is characteristic of an essential nutrient? Nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in insufficient quantity to meet physiological needs; also called indispensable nutrients 4. Nutrient dense refers to foods that rich in nutrients compared to their calorie content 5. During digestion, protein is broken down to amino acids, carbohydrate to glucose and fat to fatty acids and monoglycerides 6. The form of sugar important to the body as blood sugar is Glucose 7. Dietary Guidelines recommend that carbohydrate intake continue approximately what percent of the total caloric intake? 8. All of the following are benefits of fiber except: 9. What is the function of bile? Is produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and acts as an emulsifier to suspend fat 10. You have once again just finished a light breakfast of pancakes, syrup and orange juice. Which of the following series of events proceeds upon digestion/absorption of the meal until it is near time for lunch? 1. Blood Glucose rises 2. High blood glucose stimulates the pancreas to release insulin 3. Insulin stimulates glucose into cells & storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles 4. The body’s cells use glucose; blood levels decline 5.Low blood glucose levels...
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...“The emerging epidemics of obesity in developing countries”, Retrieved on July 9th, 2012 from: http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/1/93.short Aboulnasr, K. (2010, January 1). Gender Differences in the Processing of Nutrition Information on Food Products. Journal of Academy of Business and Economics, 47, 528-556. Aggett, PJ et al. (2005) PASSCLAIM Process for the Assessment of Scientific Support for Claims on Foods: Consensus on Criteria. Eur J Clin Nut 44 (Suppl 1), pp. 1-30. Alice T. Yang Æ David S. Sugarbaker Æ Paul E. Farmer (2008), “Increasing Access to Surgical Services for the Poor in Rural Haiti: Surgery as a Public Good for Public Health”. World J Surg 32:pp. 537–542 Baek, O. K. (2009). The engines of Hippocrates: From the Dawn of Medicine to Medical and Pharmaceutical Informatics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Bailey, R. (2007, December 1). Japan 2007 yearend update: demographic trends point to a strong potential market for non-drug products as the costs of healthcare rise and new health claim categories are explored.(JAPAN INSIDER). Nutraceuticals World, 9, pp. 53-62. Bevan H, Ham C Plsek PE (2008) “The Next Leg of the Journey: How do we make High Quality Care for All a Reality? Coventry”: NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. 89-102 Bourdieu, P., 1986, “The Forms of Capital”, in Richardson JG (ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, Greenwood Press, New York, pp. 241-258 Cole, T. J., Bellizzi, M. C., Flegal,...
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...18 20 21 21 22 Nutrition, health and wellness Nestlé. Good Food, Good Life Research & Development Nutrition: the core of the Nestlé business Priority on nutrition, health and wellness Nestlé Nutrition – a specialist nutrition business The Nestlé Nutrition Council and the Nestlé Nutrition Institute Looking to the future Nestlé: almost 150 years pioneering nutrition and health 26 27 28 30 32 32 33 People, products, brands Putting the consumer first Food is local Nestlé – a company built on brands Contributing to nutrition, health and wellness Ensuring quality and food safety Wherever, whenever, however The changing consumer 36 37 38 40 41 42 43 45 46 47 48 48 50 How Nestlé runs its business Principles, not rules A multi-cultural business Looking after the environment Sourcing raw materials A network of local companies Benefi ting local economies Nestlé in the community: reaching out beyond our business Consistent, sustainable growth People are Nestlé’s greatest asset Wide variety of career opportunities How our business is organised Other Nestlé Group companies The world of Nestlé 52 Nestlé website and Nestlé publications Website and publications 1 2 Welcome to Nestlé The aim of this booklet is to introduce ourselves to you, and to share with you some special insights into the many facets of our Company. Nestlé is the largest food and beverage company in the world. It is also well on its way to becoming world leader in nutrition, health and wellness...
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...The world of Nestlé Table of contents 21 22 Nutrition, health and wellness Nestlé. Good Food, Good Life Research & Development Nutrition: the core of the Nestlé business Priority on nutrition, health and wellness Nestlé Nutrition – a specialist nutrition business The Nestlé Nutrition Council and the Nestlé Nutrition Institute Looking to the future Nestlé: almost 150 years pioneering nutrition and health 26 27 28 30 32 32 33 People, products, brands Putting the consumer first Food is local Nestlé – a company built on brands Contributing to nutrition, health and wellness Ensuring quality and food safety Wherever, whenever, however The changing consumer 16 16 18 18 20 21 45 46 47 48 48 50 How Nestlé runs its business Principles, not rules A multi-cultural business Looking after the environment Sourcing raw materials A network of local companies Benefi ting local economies Nestlé in the community: reaching out beyond our business Consistent, sustainable growth People are Nestlé’s greatest asset Wide variety of career opportunities How our business is organised Other Nestlé Group companies The world of Nestlé 52 Nestlé website and Nestlé publications Website and publications 36 37 38 40 41 42 43 1 2 Welcome to Nestlé The aim of this booklet is to introduce ourselves to you, and to share with you some special insights into the many facets of our Company. Nestlé is the largest food...
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...18 20 21 21 22 Nutrition, health and wellness Nestlé. Good Food, Good Life Research & Development Nutrition: the core of the Nestlé business Priority on nutrition, health and wellness Nestlé Nutrition – a specialist nutrition business The Nestlé Nutrition Council and the Nestlé Nutrition Institute Looking to the future Nestlé: almost 150 years pioneering nutrition and health 26 27 28 30 32 32 33 People, products, brands Putting the consumer first Food is local Nestlé – a company built on brands Contributing to nutrition, health and wellness Ensuring quality and food safety Wherever, whenever, however The changing consumer 36 37 38 40 41 42 43 45 46 47 48 48 50 How Nestlé runs its business Principles, not rules A multi-cultural business Looking after the environment Sourcing raw materials A network of local companies Benefi ting local economies Nestlé in the community: reaching out beyond our business Consistent, sustainable growth People are Nestlé’s greatest asset Wide variety of career opportunities How our business is organised Other Nestlé Group companies The world of Nestlé 52 Nestlé website and Nestlé publications Website and publications 1 2 Welcome to Nestlé The aim of this booklet is to introduce ourselves to you, and to share with you some special insights into the many facets of our Company. Nestlé is the largest food and beverage company in the world. It is also well on its way to becoming world leader in nutrition, health and wellness...
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...------------------------------------------------- Overview[edit] Nutritional science investigates the metabolic and physiological responses of the body to diet. With advances in the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, the study of nutrition is increasingly concerned with metabolism and metabolic pathways: the sequences of biochemical steps through which substances in living things change from one form to another. The human body contains chemical compounds, such as water, carbohydrates (sugar, starch, and fiber), amino acids (in proteins), fatty acids (in lipids), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). These compounds in turn consist of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and so on. All of these chemical compounds and elements occur in various forms and combinations (e.g. hormones, vitamins, phospholipids, hydroxyapatite), both in the human body and in the plant and animal organisms that humans eat. The human body consists of elements and compounds ingested, digested, absorbed, and circulated through the bloodstream to feed the cells of the body. Except in the unborn fetus, the digestive system is the first system involved in obtaining nutrition. In a typical adult, about seven liters of digestive juices enter the digestive tract.[citation needed] These break chemical bonds in ingested molecules, and modulate their conformations and energy states. Though some molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream...
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...Sampling technique 5. Fieldwork………………….…………………………………………………………15 6. Data Interpretation and analysis ……………………………………………………..16 1. Data Analysis Plan…………….……………………………………………16 2. Methodology………………………………………………………………..18 3. Analysis and Interpretation………….......………………………………… 19 7. Results ……………………………………………………………………………….28 8. Limitations and caveats ………………………….…………………………………..29 9. Exhibits………………………………………………………………………………31 10. References……………………………………………………………………………54 List of Exhibits Exhibit 1: T-test on the influencing factors ……………………………………………..31 Exhibit 2: T-test on the influencing factors in families with kids ……………………….31 Exhibit 3: T-test on importance of product attributes …………………………………...32 Exhibit 4: One way Anova of product attributes vs different income groups…………..33 Exhibit 5: One way Anova of product attributes vs different education groups………..34 Exhibit 6: One way Anova of product attributes vs different age groups………………35...
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...Sampling technique 5. Fieldwork………………….…………………………………………………………15 6. Data Interpretation and analysis ……………………………………………………..16 1. Data Analysis Plan…………….……………………………………………16 2. Methodology………………………………………………………………..18 3. Analysis and Interpretation………….......………………………………… 19 7. Results ……………………………………………………………………………….28 8. Limitations and caveats ………………………….…………………………………..29 9. Exhibits………………………………………………………………………………31 10. References……………………………………………………………………………54 List of Exhibits Exhibit 1: T-test on the influencing factors ……………………………………………..31 Exhibit 2: T-test on the influencing factors in families with kids ……………………….31 Exhibit 3: T-test on importance of product attributes …………………………………...32 Exhibit 4: One way Anova of product attributes vs different income groups…………..33 Exhibit 5: One way Anova of product attributes vs different education groups………..34 Exhibit 6: One way Anova of product attributes vs different age groups………………35...
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...European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) 56, 644–649 ß 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0954–3007/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/ejcn ORIGINAL COMMUNICATION The Adolescent Food Habits Checklist: reliability and validity of a measure of healthy eating behaviour in adolescents F Johnson1, J Wardle1* and J Griffith1 1 ICRF Health Behaviour Unit, University College London, UK Objective: Amid concerns about the quality of young people’s diets, this paper describes the development of a measure of healthy eating behaviour for use with adolescents. Design: Items for the measure were selected from a larger pool on the basis of responses from a pilot study. The 23-item checklist was validated using measures of dietary fat and fibre intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, dietary restraint, nutrition knowledge and a measure of family income. Setting: Participants came from seven secondary schools in the north-west of England. Subjects: A total of 1822 adolescents aged between 13 and 16 y took part in the study, representing 84% of those invited to participate. Results: Correlations between measures indicate a good level of convergent validity, and the checklist is also shown to have high internal and test – retest reliability. Conclusions: The focus on choices available to adolescents means that the checklist will provide a useful addition to food frequency-type approaches to the measurement of adolescent eating behaviour. Sponsorship: This research was funded by...
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...Dear nutrition student, Thank you for inquiring about my RD/DTR study guide. And yes, there is no catch, the study guide is COMPLETELY FREE! All I ask for is some feedback. So feel free to shoot me any questions/comments! A little background: This study guide is the culmination of years of my own research. And after careful thought, I put into the study guide what I feel are the most important concepts you need to know for the RD/DTR exam. If you notice, I spent much time teaching you in detail the concepts you need to know, not just “spitting” you questions with little or no explanation. I believe this is important. I know you might be thinking “oh, how am I going to absorb and learn all this material?” I say, just read and answer the questions at your own pace. Simply test yourself and of course take some breaks along the way. Just take it one concept at a time. After you have mastered one concept, then move on to the next. I know if you study whole-heartedly what I have outlined in this study guide, you are sure to pass! GOOD LUCK! YOU CAN DO IT! ϑ Your nutrition friend, -Jonathan Brown, B.S, DTR THE “NO FLUFF” RD/DTR STUDY GUIDE *Updated as of July 2011 The “NO FLUFF” RD/DTR STUDY GUIDE Tips for taking the RD/DTR exam 1. PERIODICALLY CHECK THE CLOCK TO MAKE SURE YOU’RE GOOD ON TIME! If you wish, get a basic digital watch with a timer for...
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...E&Y Nutraceuticals Critical supplement for building a healthy India Contents Foreword................................................................................................... 04 Introduction............................................................................................. 06 Executive summary................................................................................ 07 An insight into the nutraceuticals market of India Section I: Nutritional status of the population of india....................................10 Section II: Nutraceuticals market: global and India.........................................24 Section III: Way forward............................................................................... 48 Annexure.................................................................................................. 66 Acknowledgements................................................................................ 76 Glossary....................................................................................................77 About FICCI..............................................................................................80 Foreword Ajit Singh Chairman- FICCI Task Force on Nutraceuticals Chairman- ACG Worldwide (formerly Associated Capsules Group) President- Health Foods and Dietary Supplements Association (HADSA) Dear reader, Nutraceuticals as they are called in industry parlance cover a basket of products from...
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...| Module One : Introduction to Nutrition Hot Sheet | | | | | | | | The following provides you with a "Hot Sheet" of helpful bullet points that you can refer to for information on this module, as well as suggestions for your journal entry for this module. Remember, working though these journal entries at the end of each module will help you create your Final learning statement at the end of the course. So take a moment to use your journal and write down your thoughts to the questions below. | | | | Journal Entry #1 : Preparation for Your Final Learning Statement | | | | So far in this module we have covered the definitions of nutrition and energy, label reading, the USDA Pyramid Food Guidance System, USDA Dietary Guidelines and the Exchange System for menu planning. In preparation for your final learning statement that is submitted at the end of the course. I would like you to:Log onto: www.mypyramid.gov and calculate your personal food intake needed to maintain your current weight, etc. Most of us learn by applying concepts, especially about nutrition and health to our own lives. There is a wealth of information and tracking sheets that the USDA has created that you may choose to use in your daily lives.Please write in your journal your thoughts on the concepts learned in this module. Review the sections if you need to. After looking at your MyPyramid Plan comment on your intake of adequate calories and whether or not you meet any of these guidelines...
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