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Unit 4 Musculoskeletal System

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UNIT 4: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT TITLE: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM:j

PECTORAL GIRDLE:

The human appendicular skeleton is made up of bones of both the upper limbs and the lower limbs. Within the skeletal system a limb girdle can be referred to the bones which connect a limb to the axial skeleton.

There is the pectoral girdle also known as shoulder girdle and the pelvic girdle also known as hip girdle which are the bony apparatus with which a limb is joined to the trunk.

The pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle are both sturdy sockets for the limb joints although the pectoral girdle is larger and flexible it does not bear a lot of weight and it can be a shallow socket for limb attachment. Whereas the pelvis girdle on …show more content…
Dextroscoliosis:
This describes the spinal curve which is to the right, dextro meaning right.
This type usually occurs within the thoracic spine and is the most common type of curve.
The most common regions are the thoracic scoliosis which is the curvature in the middle part of the spine near the chest area. It can be found to occur in its own so it forms a C shape or in some cases a double curve can occur so the curve can bend in the opposite direction in the lower spine and so forms an S shape.

Levoscoliosis:
This describes the spinal curve to the left, levo meaning left.
This may occur in the the lumber scoliosis which is the lower part of the spine, it rarely occurs within the thoracic spine which may indicate that there is a high probability that scoliosis maybe secondary to a spinal cord tumour. In which case it is important that an MRI scan and a thorough diagnosis by a physician is carried out.

- …show more content…
Damage caused to one or more of these parts of the body can cause an abnormality to the curve due to the destabilisation of the structure of the spine.

Also possible causes may include; damage occurring to the spine during surgery, osteoporosis which is the weakening of bones of the spine due to the ageing process, as well as conditions that damage nerves and muscles near the spine for instance, Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis.

SYMPTOMS

The symptoms are not noticeable in children unless there is an apparent difference in the appearance of the back. Such as if a child leans to a side a lot or if one shoulder, shoulder blade or hip being higher or more prominent than the other.
Whereas symptoms in adults can be more noticeable and can include back pains and nerves of the spine being compressed causing shooting nerve pains.

DIAGNOSIS
-In children:
This is done by a physical examination of the upper body parts to detect any abnormalities and it is carried out by a

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