...Unknown bacteria determined to be Alcaligenes faecalis because of its morphological, physiological and metabolic properties. In a laboratory setting, it often becomes necessary to identify an unknown organism. In this experiment, researchers classified an unidentified bacterium based on its physical structure, colony morphology, optimal conditions and metabolic properties. A Gram stain using crystal violet, iodine, and safranin and a simple stain using methylene blue characterized the organism’s cell wall. Cultural behavior was classified by inoculating the organism onto nutrient agar and incubating it at 37° C for 48 hours, and observing its behavior, as well as using SIM medium to test for motility. Optimal growth temperature was determined by incubating nutrient broths of the organism at 25° C and 37° C, and optimal pH was tested by inoculating broths with pHs of 3, 7, and 10. Fluid thioglycollate medium determined the organism’s oxygen requirements. The metabolic profile was created by inoculating the bacterium into broths containing glucose, lactose, mannitol, and citrate and incubating the tubes at 25° C for 48 hours, then observing it for color change. Oxidative metabolic tests for oxidase and catalase were also performed using an oxidative reagent and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. The Enterotube II System was used to further classify its metabolic profile. The stains revealed that the bacterium was a Gram-negative bacillus. The organism was shown to be non-motile...
Words: 4133 - Pages: 17
...gained information can be used to identify bacteria. A scientist by the name of David Bergey was the first person who proposed the system of bacterial classification in which bacteria are grouped according to Gram reaction, metabolism, and morphology. The first edition of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology was published in 1984. This book can be used to identify a microorganism. The purpose of this experiment is to identify an unknown bacteria using the skills learned in microbiology laboratory this semester. Materials and Methods This experiment was conducted at Louisiana State University in Shreveport...
Words: 934 - Pages: 4
...Introduction Bacteria are microscopic unicellular prokaryotic organisms characterized by the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are remarkably adaptable to diverse environmental conditions and are found in bodies of all living organisms and on all parts of the earth. The purpose of microbial biochemical tests is to identify the unique traits it yields and with that knowledge we can then categorize them in groups and specify them by scientific name. These experiments included the Triple-sugar iron agar (TSIA), Sulfur Indole Motility (SIM), Methyl Red (MR), Voges-Proskauer (VP), Citrate, Urease, Gelatin, and Oxidase Test. In order for these tests to produce reliable and credible results, the bacterium organism must be grown using strict and meticulous procedure to produce viable colonies of pure culture. Having pure culture is significant to ensure that a single type of bacteria is used for identification without contamination so tests can be run without complications or confusion. Once all these tests are performed, the unknown bacteria in this lab will be one of the following: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Salmonella typhimurium. This report included the results and details to these experiments which are discussed further on. Abstract Gram negative bacteria Unknown #12 was run through an array of tests which produced positive and negative results. The results obtained from the various...
Words: 1847 - Pages: 8
...causing products they produce. Overall, microorganisms play an important role in life. The purpose of this study was to identify the unknown bacterium using biochemical tests and various methods that had been learned from previous the microbiology laboratory class. Identifying the unknown bacterium was determined by separating and differentiating possible bacteria based on specific biochemical characteristics. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were Gram staining, oxidase, indole test, urea test, and casein test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The unknown bacteria were given out by the lab instructor. Each student chose their own unknown bacteria according to the number. All methods have been practiced to ensure proper procedure identifying bacteria have been applied to this unknown. Procedures were followed as stated in the course laboratory manual provided by the instructor, unless otherwise noted. Each test performed identified was used to determine the specifics and identify the unknown bacterium. All of the following tests were performed on this unknown on February 09, 2008. Some of the tests required a follow-up right after the next lab. The first procedure that needed to be accomplished was to streak the unknown out on a Trypticase Soy Agar plate, using the T streak method described in the lab manual. The unknown culture was inoculated in the Tryptic Soy Broth tube, a TSA plate agar, and a TSA slant. This procedure is needed to be done in order...
Words: 1873 - Pages: 8
...To begin, for this project a broth was given that contained an unknown bacterium. The purpose of this project was to use a series of tests, in order to determine what the unknown bacterium was. Using the process of elimination, an interpretation of test results was conducted, in order to rule out certain bacteria. At the end of the elimination process, it was concluded what the unknown bacterium was. Interpretation and Explanation of Results The first step was observation of the broth. At first glance, the broth was a clear/yellow color throughout the test tube, with a smooth appearance. The bottom was completely turbid, with a membranous ring of growth. The cap was screwed on very tight. Next, the broth was incubated on a slant, at...
Words: 2212 - Pages: 9
...the identity of bacteria and differentiate between its species. There are numerous types of tests meant to detect key characteristics such as morphology, stain, motility, fermentation pathways used, oxygen requirements, enzymes present, and redox tests used. By conducting these tests with aseptic techniques, one can usually narrow down an unknown bacterium to its family; with the help of dichotomous keys and Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, particular genus and species can be identified. The first tests commonly conducted on a bacterium also give the broadest results. Initial tests employ differential staining and normally include gram, capsule, and endospore stains. All three indicate...
Words: 1853 - Pages: 8
...Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown V v Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown V v vv Unknown V v Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown V Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown ...
Words: 261 - Pages: 2
...Starting Nmap 5.21 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2014-02-26 15:13 Pacific Standard Time NSE: Loaded 36 scripts for scanning. Initiating ARP Ping Scan at 15:13 Scanning 2 hosts [1 port/host] Completed ARP Ping Scan at 15:13, 0.38s elapsed (2 total hosts) Nmap scan report for 172.30.0.0 [host down] mass_dns: warning: Unable to determine any DNS servers. Reverse DNS is disabled. Try using --system-dns or specify valid servers with --dns-servers Initiating SYN Stealth Scan at 15:13 Scanning 172.30.0.1 [1000 ports] Discovered open port 22/tcp on 172.30.0.1 Discovered open port 23/tcp on 172.30.0.1 Discovered open port 111/tcp on 172.30.0.1 Completed SYN Stealth Scan at 15:13, 0.36s elapsed (1000 total ports) Initiating Service scan at 15:13 Scanning 3 services on 172.30.0.1 Completed Service scan at 15:13, 6.00s elapsed (3 services on 1 host) Initiating RPCGrind Scan against 172.30.0.1 at 15:13 Completed RPCGrind Scan against 172.30.0.1 at 15:13, 0.00s elapsed (1 port) Initiating OS detection (try #1) against 172.30.0.1 Retrying OS detection (try #2) against 172.30.0.1 Retrying OS detection (try #3) against 172.30.0.1 Retrying OS detection (try #4) against 172.30.0.1 Retrying OS detection (try #5) against 172.30.0.1 NSE: Script scanning 172.30.0.1. NSE: Starting runlevel 1 (of 1) scan. Initiating NSE at 15:13 Completed NSE at 15:13, 0.09s elapsed NSE: Script Scanning completed. Nmap scan report for 172.30.0.1 Host is up (0.00s latency). Not shown: 997 closed...
Words: 8899 - Pages: 36
...Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown ...
Words: 360 - Pages: 2
...regarding the change | D. | | Vague images of the proposed organizational structure | | 3. | What are the four types of strategic change? Choose 1 answer | | A. | | Cost cutting, process, structural, social | B. | | Cost cutting, process, capital, structural | C. | | Structural, cost cutting, process, cultural | D. | | Capital, process, cost cutting, cultural | | 4. | What level of political action has broad long-term strategic impact? Choose 1 answer | | A. | | Network | B. | | Department | C. | | Coalition | D. | | Individual | | 5. | Surprise and fear of the unknown are reasons people resist change. How might this reaction manifest itself through employee behavior? Choose 1 answer | | A. | | They become increasingly comfortable with the routine. | B. | | They display less fear of the unknown. | C. | | They become more productive in response to warnings. | D. | | They create rumors to fill the void created by lack of official announcements. | | 6. | What two recommendations should a manager consider in implementing an...
Words: 266 - Pages: 2
...Eating sugar - Essay The unknown and the insecure are in many ways one of the biggest fear factors to human beings. It is the fear of not knowing what’s next and how to handle it. The fear of not knowing how to react and the fear of not knowing how to protect yourself and your nearest in a threatening situation. In the short story Eating Sugar, facing your fears is the theme. In addition the story also deals with the differences between how the young and the old handle unknown places and situations. The story takes place in a forest in Thailand. A place that for the daughter Suzanne is perceived as an experience, but for the parents Eileen and Alex, is an unknown and insecure place to be. Eileen indirectly expresses (p.9, l. 79): “Anything could happen” which proves the fact that she is afraid and that fear comes with the old age and with the responsibility of having a daughter you think you still need to take care of. Eileen and Alex acts reserved against the situation of being in the forest without knowing how to get home and they only imagine all the things that could go wrong. Whereas Suzanne takes it all more calm, lives in the present and doesn’t think about what might go wrong. In that way it illustrates how the role as the family protector has actually been reversed by the way the parents have been brought on insecure ground and depends on the daughters acts and knowledge of Thailand. The father, Alex, doesn’t express his fear of the unknown situation, at least not in...
Words: 839 - Pages: 4
...Notes: * Planned change as a cyclic process * Research = guide to action * Action = Information = Research * Process requires considerable collaboration among interested parties * Problem focused change * Heavy emphasis on data gathering and diagnosis prior to action planning and implementation… and evaluation of results after action * Two focus areas * Help specific organizations implement planned change * Developing more general knowledge that can be applied to other settings * Main application is on planned change * Eight Steps 1. Problem identification * When problem(s) identified from higher level * Who is defining the problem? Is this the real problem? * What are the intentions behind the defined problem? * Who are the players? * What do they get out of the change project? * Is it genuine, political, or filler? 2. Consultation with Behavioural science expert * Appraisal of beliefs, assumptions, values to create understanding and level playing field * How do you identify/define competence of the OB expert? * How is alignment between OB expert and Business achieved? * Time requirements/limits to understand influences, positive and negative 3. Data gathering and preliminary diagnosis * Usually completed by OD practitioner * Gathering appropriate information and analysis ...
Words: 1118 - Pages: 5
...under our beds are little kid brains running on overdrive ignorance. That’s it IGNORNCE; the lack of knowledge, that is what made us afraid the lack of knowing what is real and what is not. But “knowledge has banished fear” as Athol furgard once said. Once we started to gain knowledge myths and legends started to go against everything science could prove “real”. According to science fear is a motivating force coming from the ability to sense danger and getting away from it. Also known as the fight-or-flight response you mostly see in animals when under attack. People have a fear for the unknown, we aren’t scared to try something new but more at what the results would be. They limit themselves to curtain things that they know and the rest they put on a shelf claiming it too high to reach, because of the fear of what it might hold. Today I urge you to stop putting the unknown on a shelf, start testing with it explore it to its max. There are people who hide away from things that makes them afraid and then there are people who rush after it. These people are called adrenalin junkies. You might think they have gone mad when in reality they are addicted to the chemical compound released in the brain called Adrenalin when it’s exposed to threatening situations.Adrenalin offers a natural high to the person making them feel confident and irestucktabel. These people aren’t psyiopaths there are a difference. Psyciopaths enjoy inflicting pain and fear on others where else...
Words: 496 - Pages: 2
...Julia’s Food Booth MAT 540 February 22, 2014 Julia’s Food Booth Case Problem (A) Formulate and solve an LP model. Variables: X1 = pizza slices, X2 = hot dogs, and X3 = barbeque sandwiches Maximize Z = ($0.75 X1) + ($1.05 X2) + ($1.35 X3) Subject to: $0.75x1+ $0.45x2 + $0.90x3 ≤ $1,500 24x1 + 16x2 +25x3 ≤ 55.296in of oven space X1 ≥ x2 + x3 (change to –x1 + x2 + x3 ≤ 0 for constraint) X2/x3 ≥ 0 Solution: X1 = 1250 pizza slices X2 = 1250 hot dogs X3 = 0 barbeque sandwiches Z = $2,250 (B) Evaluate the prospect of borrowing money before the first game. Yes, I do believe Julia would increase her profit if she borrowed money. The shadow price is $1.50 for each additional dollar she earns. The upper limit in the model that is given is $1,658.88. This means that Julia can borrow $158.88 from her friend, which gives her an extra profit of $238.32 or a total profit of $2,488.32. (C) Evaluate the prospect of paying a friend $100/game to assist. According to the information presented in (A) and (B), I do believe Julia should hire her friend for $100 per game. It would be difficult for Julia to prepare all of the food needed within the amount of time to reach her goal, so she will need the additional help. If she is borrowing extra money from another friend, she would be able to pay the help for the time spent helping at the game because the $158.88 she borrowed will allow her to do so. (D) Analyze the impact of uncertainties on the model. An impact of...
Words: 448 - Pages: 2
...The determination of iron in an unknown solution by using 1, 10 reagent phenanthroline. Method Hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution (5 cm3, 10% w/v), acetate buffer (10 cm3, 0.10 mole dm! 3) and 1, 10-phenanthroline solution (5 cm3, 0.25% w/v). Was Pipette into the flask 20 cm3 of unknown iron solution Dilute the contents of the flask to the line with deionised water; a dropping pipette was used to add the last ml so to prevent overshooting. Then that solution was mark as A .Then the above procedure was repeated in 50 cm3 volumetric flask and marked the resulting flask as solution B. The absorbance was measured at 510 nm of the standard provided and of loaded into the cell using a dropping pipette. The cell was handled by the opaque sides only ensuring the clear sides are clean, dry and unmarked and there are no air bubbles in the cell. Result Concentration of iron in solution /mol dm Absorbance of solution at 510 nm 0.25072 x10-4 0.201 0.50144x10-4 0.395 1.00188x10-4 0.793 1.2526x10-4 0.97 The results and concentration of standard and samples Calculation Absorbance of sample A = 0.796 Absorbance of sample B = 0.797 Concentration of sample =1.020X10 -4 mole dm-3 Concentration of sample B=1.022X10 -4 mole dm-3 Average concentration =1.0215x10-4 mole dm-3 Concentration of iron in unknown solution=2.555x10-4 Additional calculations Suppose the unknown solution (total volume 100cm3 )was made up by dissolving...
Words: 285 - Pages: 2
