...evidence on how food prices affect the poor and concludes that, although many poor households will require urgent assistance, more are likely to gain from rising prices than lose. She argues that the Doha Round must allow developing countries adequate policy flexibility so that they can build up their own agricultural sectors, increase food supply in the medium and long term, and shield the poor from market failures that can affect their very survival. An agreement should: • • • Sharply restrict domestic and export subsidies provided to wealthy country farmers, which drive farmers in developing countries off the land or into poverty. In-kind food aid should also be restricted in favor of cash assistance. Allow developing countries to shield at least twenty percent of tariff lines from reductions as “special products” to foster greater domestic production and shield poor households until they become more productive or find other livelihoods. Create a robust “special safeguard mechanism” that would permit developing countries to address short term volatility in global food markets by raising tariffs in response to import surges or agricultural price drops. Introduction The rapid increase in prices of rice, wheat, corn and other food staples has sent a shock wave through poor households around the world, as well as through governments and international policy makers. While food prices are always volatile, recent increases are of a magnitude last...
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...Draft Proposal on Impact Assessment of Urban Agriculture Research and Development in Nairobi By William Omoto Department of Research Development Nairobi Kenya 1. INTRODUCTION Background Kenya’s leading development challenges today include alleviation of poverty and environmental management in the context of rapid population growth and urbanization. Kenya’s population was 28.6 million people in 1999 and is expected to reach 43 million in the year 2020. According to the government statistics, the national level of absolute poverty increased from 44% in 1992 to 56% in 2002 (GoK 2002). Nairobi has registered the highest rate of urbanization (4.5%) with a population of 2.2m in 2000 projected to reach 3.2m in the year 2010. About 50% of people in Nairobi live below the absolute poverty line of Ksh. 2 648. As the urbanization trend continues, urban environments are deteriorating. Most of the urban poor are concentrated in the informal settlements where there are no infrastructure and services to address environmental problems and are engaged in urban agriculture. One of the biggest policy challenges today is the inclusion of environmental policy into urban policy. UPA can be an integral part of a set of policies for sustainable urban environmental management. Urban AF can play an especially vital role in waste management by transforming waste into food and fuel. Waste management approaches in place include waste collecting, sorting, treatment and recycling...
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...Public Disclosure Authorized 62696 Public Disclosure Authorized CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Responding to an Urgent Agenda Daniel Hoornweg, Mila Freire, Marcus J. Lee, Perinaz Bhada-Tata, and Belinda Yuen, editors blic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE The Urban Development Series discusses the challenge of urbanization and what it will mean for developing countries in the decades ahead. The series delves substantively into the core issues framed by the World Bank’s 2009 Urban Strategy, Systems of Cities: Harnessing Urbanization for Growth and Poverty Alleviation. Across the five domains of the Urban Strategy, the series provides a focal point for publications that seek to foster a better understanding of the core elements of the city system, pro-poor policies, city economies, urban land and housing markets, urban environments, and other issues germane to the agenda of sustainable urban development. Cities and Climate Change: Responding to an Urgent Agenda is the first title in the Urban Development Series. CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Responding to an Urgent Agenda Daniel Hoornweg, Mila Freire, Marcus J. Lee, Perinaz Bhada-Tata, and Belinda Yuen, editors Washington, D.C. © 2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11 This volume is a product...
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...and strong commitment by government, donors and practitioners towards supporting micro finance activities in Uganda, and the rapid expansion of the micro finance industry. Integration of Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) into the formal financial system has been established, while measures have been taken to build capacity and enhance coordination in the micro finance industry, as well as expand the outreach of sustainable micro finance. The paper, however, identifies a number of challenges to the development of the micro finance industry: There is need to strengthen the capacity of MFIs to build their management information systems, and to rebuild infrastructure in underserved areas as well as strengthen capacity for identifying potential market structures, which could serve as the basis on which to build sustainable micro finance services. Other challenges include restoring peace in conflict areas and strengthening corporate governance especially for the Tier -4 MFIs. Moreover, for many of the programs aimed at supporting the micro finance industry to be effective, there is need for continued economic stability, government commitment to develop the industry, improvements in mechanisms to monitor the implementation o the programs, f and further efforts to rebuild the capacity at local governments. The...
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...Punjab-Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (P-PRSP) Munib ur Rehman OCTOBER, 2003 Preface Pakistan has always been plagued with the scourge of poverty. This situation has worsened during the last decade. Poverty deprives people of the assets they are entitled to. It takes away their rights and liberties and it results in a loss of dignity. Now, despite many gains at the macro level and a generally healthy economic outlook, poverty still persists and continues to increase. This trend needs to be reversed. Fight against poverty has always remained on the agenda of the government. There has been a significant focus on poverty reduction through various development schemes and projects. Government of Punjab did not have a special poverty reduction programme as such in the past. This meant that while resources were spent on various poverty alleviation schemes and projects, there was no significant attention paid to the poor as the focal point in such programme. Consequentially we neither had a proper data base on poverty nor were any assessments made of the projects and Programmes vis-à-vis their impact on the lives of the poor. The present Punjab Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper [P-PRSP] is an effort to streamline the system and to ensure that poverty and the poor are specially targeted for various interventions. Similarly, review and monitoring is being ensured with a view to creating a feedback loop, allowing us to improve programmes as they are implemented...
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...are indicative of resilience. Core industries like power, coal and other infrastructure like ports and roads are also reviving. Available evidence points to a steady revival of flows of investible resources. However, the levels of broadband penetration, capacity creation in some crucial infrastructure sectors and the state of development of markets for longterm finance remain causes for concern. There is need to develop infrastructure to complement and sustain the economic growth momentum. Efforts—legislative, administrative and executive—are on to minimize the infrastructure deficit, ameliorate bottlenecks in completion of projects and nurture core industrial intermediates and infrastructure services. 10 CHAPTER 10.2 The stimulus measures announced by the national authorities worldwide to combat the economic slowdown contained infrastructure buildup plans. In line with the rest of the world, the Union Budget for 2009-10 substantially stepped up allocation for many infrastructure sectors over the Budget estimates for the previous year, especially for the National Highways Development Programme (NHDP), Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Accelerated Power Development and Reform Programmes (APDRP). 2009 has been about 1,490 km (Table 10.1). Against the target of awarding projects for a length of about...
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...European Commission EVALUATION OF RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS IN BANGLADESH Technical Paper # 4 National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme The National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme (NFPCSP) was initiated to enhance national capacity to implement the National Food Policy (NFP) and the ensuing Plan of Action. The NFPCSP is implemented jointly by the Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU) under the Ministry of Food and Disaster Management (MoFDM), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh (GoB) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), with financial assistance from the European Commission (EC) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The programme aims at strengthening the capacity of FPMU and the policy wings and planning units in partner ministries to effectively implement and monitor the Plan of Action of the NFP in order to improve food availability, enhance physical, social and economic access to food, and ensure safe and nutritious food. It also aims at expanding and deepening the civil society capacity to conduct high quality research on food security, and to establish an effective platform for dialogue between government policy officials and civil society researchers to better inform the elaboration and implementation of the NFP as well as its Plan of Action. Copies of this publication can be downloaded from www.nfpcsp.org or requested from: _________________________________________________________________________________...
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...Annex 14 Center for International Forest Research Southern Africa Regional Office Lusaka, Zambia Report Climate Change in Zambia: Opportunities for Adaptation and Mitigation through Africa Bio-Carbon Initiative By Samuel Mulenga Bwalya Peaks Environmental Management Consultants P.O Box 32632 Lusaka, Zambia January, 2010 Table of Contents Contents Page Table of Contents................................................................................................................. i List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... ii List of acronyms ................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgements............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ v 1. Introduction................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Objectives of the study........................................................................................ 1 1.2 Approaches and methodology............................................................................. 2 2. Climate variability and impacts .................................................................................. 2 2.1 Climate...
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...------------------------------------------------- Introduction A nonprofit organization or not-for-profit organization (often called an NPO), is an organization that uses surplus revenues to achieve its goals rather than distributing them as profit or dividends. These organizations play important roles in society by placing public service above profits. It can operate both in the public & private sectors and includes-museums, libraries, charitable& religious organizations, colleges, universities government agencies, political parties, labor union etc. Unnayan Shamannay denotes coordination of developmental activities, not in the narrow sense, but in the wider context of all the aspects of a living society and human race - reckoning with all the quantifiable and qualitative actions a society carries out. The members of Unnayan Shamannay have been striving to invigorate and further strengthen private sector initiatives for socioeconomic and cultural development of Bangladesh through a concerted grassroots approach.It is an innovative non-profit research organization of resourceful professionals working in the arena of research and development. It is engaged in quantitative and qualitative research work, training, communication and advocacy, cultural learning and developmental activities. The organization was incorporated in July 1994 under the Companies Act, 1913 (section 26) with the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies under the Ministry of Commerce, Government of Bangladesh...
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...Agricultural Development Corporation Category Activity Description Agro-Industry/Agriculture Performance Testing- Performance Testing is the principal method used to Beef cattle identify high ranking individuals within a breed through the identification of such individuals within a herd. This systematic method will enable an increase in the rate of genetic improvement in the traits being measured. Newly weaned (average 8-10 months) bull calves are placed in a 140-day trial and given equal opportunity to perform through a uniform feeding and management regime. Record of economically important traits, adjusted 210 day weight, average daily gain adjusted 400 day weight and weight per day of age on all animals are systematically maintained. These records when statistically analyzed are used as the objective measures (indices) in selecting replacements and eliminating poor producers. 48 Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute Category Activity Description Agro-Industry/Agriculture Animal Production and Sam Motta's Goats and Sheep Demonstration and Marketing Systems Training Centre Animal Production and Hounslow Goats and Sheep Demonstration and Training Marketing Systems Centre Animal Production and Small Ruminant Production and Marketing Systems Marketing Systems Development Crop Production and Marketing Systems Livestock Feeds and Feeding systems Enhanced Hot Pepper Production Feeding Systems development for ruminants Education/Research PROCICARIBE...
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...CHALLENGES FACING UNIVERSITY TRAINED STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN KENYA. BY BETT BARNABAS EDU/PGT/09/07 A PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION (BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING OPTION) DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION SCHOOL OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF ELDORET APRIL, 2014 DECLARATION DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE This proposal is my original work and has not been presented for any award in any other university. No part of this work may be submitted without my permission. NAME: BETT BARNABAS……………………………. REGN.NO:.…EDU/PGT/09/07……………………….. SIGNATURE:………………………. DECLARATION BY SUPERVISORS This proposal has been submitted for examination with our approval as university supervisors. NAME: Dr. KYALO……………………….. SIGNATURE:…………………. DATE:…………………………. NAME:…DR. DIMO……………………… SIGNATURE:…………………… DATE:……………………………. DEDICATION. It is my pleasure to dedicate this work to my family whose efforts have made me proud, with all the stresses through the course work and writing of this proposal they have been on my side. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to determine the challenges facing university trained structural engineers...
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...Small and Medium Enterprises Business Guide SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SME) BUSINESS GUIDE SUPPORTED BY MARCH 2008 1 Uganda Investment Authority © 2008 Small and Medium Enterprises Business Guide Foreword The Uganda Investment Authority (UIA) is proud to introduce this first Small and Medium Enterprises Business Guide. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) are the backbone of the Ugandan economy. They contribute to job creation and poverty reduction. SMEs need to be supported to grow from small enterprises to medium and large businesses. This guide provides information and contacts on business licensing, access to finance, entrepreneurship skills training, business development services, and taxation/incentives. I wish to especially thank the Icelandic International Development Agency (ICEIDA) which has funded not only this guide but also entrepreneurship skills training and business development support for SMEs. Uganda Investment Authority has partnered with Makerere University Business School, Management Training and Advisory Centre and Uganda Women Entrepreneurs Association Limited to deliver these services. To my fellow entrepreneurs, I encourage you to use this Small and Medium Enterprises Business Guide to increase the profitability of your business. Patrick Bitature Chairman Uganda Investment Authority 2 Uganda Investment Authority © 2008 Small and Medium Enterprises Business Guide Table of Content I. INTRODUCTION ............
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Overall, the SME FDI is currently an extremely valuable initiative. Through appropriate and careful analysis of the data, public policy can be directed yet more efficiently to further improve competitive advantage of Canada's SMEs. In particular, the baseline survey associated with the SME FDI is an extraordinarily valuable research undertaking. It provides the potential to assess directly the extent to which financing gaps might occur in the capital markets on which SMEs rely. This is an important issue in practical terms, in terms of the role of public policy, and in terms of economic and finance theory. The SME FDI baseline survey data provides, for the first time internationally, a means of empirically testing Nobel prize-winning ideas related to information asymmetry and capital rationing. The data provides a means of providing yet better guidance for public policy with respect to addressing potential capital market imperfections that might constrain growth and economic development of SMEs. As designed, the research initiative can and will provide valuable information about these issues. In summary, the baseline survey undertaken as part of the SME FDI is a potentially invaluable resource with respect to the design, targeting, implementation, and follow-up assessment of public policy approaches to nurturing SME growth and viability. The outcomes of this research process could help Industry Canada and its partners to provide Canadian SMEs with substantial...
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...Environment and Climate Change Policy Brief – Mozambique Generic outline October 2011 Gunilla Ölund Wingqvist Sida's Helpdesk for Environment and Climate Change www.sidaenvironmenthelpdesk.se Contact: Gunilla Ölund Wingqvist E-mail: gunilla.olund-wingqvist@gu.se Table of Contents 2. 1. 3. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 Country environment and climate change context ............................................................. 1 Key poverty-environment linkages .................................................................................... 3 3.1 Who are the poor? ............................................................................................................ 3 3.2 Poverty as lack of natural resources and ecosystem services ........................................... 3 3.3 Poverty as lack of power .............................................................................................. 4 3.4 Poverty as lack of choice .................................................................................................. 5 4. Key environmental challenges and opportunities for development ................................... 6 4.1 Key environmental challenges and opportunities ............................................................ 6 4.2 External and internal factors influencing environmentally sustainable development .....
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...Economics of Climate Change Sachin Sharma 11060221060 Research Supervisor: Mrs. Sukalpa Chakrabarti A Dissertation Submitted in the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Economics (2011 - 2014) Symbiosis School of Economics CONSTITUENT OF SYMBIOSIS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (Established Under Section 3 Of The UGC Act 1956, By Notification No F9-12/2001-U.3 Of Government Of India) EXAMINERS’ CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation titled ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE submitted by has been assessed and graded towards the partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Science (Economics) in the academic year 2011-14. ____________________________ (Signature) Name of Internal Examiner: _________________________________________ ____________________________ (Signature) Name of External Examiner: _________________________________________ Date: Time: Place: Symbiosis School of Economics CONSTITUENT OF SYMBIOSIS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (Established Under Section 3 Of The UGC Act 1956, By Notification No F9-12/2001-U.3 Of Government Of India) Submission Checklist | Tick the field on the left of the list | | INITIAL PRECONTENT MATTER | | Filled in all fields on the title page. | | Filled in the acknowledgments page. | | Filled in the executive summary page. Dissertation abstract is fewer than 350 words. | PAGE NUMBERS | | No page number...
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