...Austin Maaddi Mr. Waters Honors Chemistry 9 December 2014 Lithium Lithium is a soft, silver-colored element found in group 1 of the periodic table. It is an alkali metal with a mass of 6.941 and the atomic number 3. It is a solid at room temperature with a melting point of 180.5 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of 1342 degrees Celsius (Lithium). Lithium's properties make it a highly reactive element when it comes in contact with multiple substances. However, the element has been found to be extremely useful, especially in modern day society. Over the years, scientists have discovered a variety of uses for lithium and it has become a necessary element in every day lives. The history of lithium dates back to the 19th century....
Words: 506 - Pages: 3
...Guiding Question: Why does matter, matter? Project: It’s Elemental! My element: Lithium For this project, you get to discover an element! You will: 1) reate a poster with clear, precise scientific language that creatively presents an element of the C periodic table. 2) ompletely document several different sources of information in the correct format. C Assessment Criteria (0) Not Yet Meeting Expectations (1) I have not I am able to: achieved a standard apply scientific language to described communicate understanding but by any of does so limited success with the descriptors document sources, with limited to the success . right . Minimally Meeting Expectations (2) I am able to: Meeting Expectations (3) I am able to: sometimes apply scientific language usually apply scientific language to communicate understanding to communicate understanding clearly and precisely sometimes document sources correctly. usually document sources correctly. Exceeding Expectations (4) I am able to: consistently apply scientific language to communicate understanding clearly and precisely document sources completely . In order to apply scientific language for communicating understanding clearly and precisely, you must include the following on your poster: State: ● Atomic number (top) = number of protons ...
Words: 553 - Pages: 3
...Lithium should not be continued to be mined to be used as a primary power source. Lithium has become the staple ingredient for the creation of modern-day technology. It has many different uses that have made it a valuable element to mine. More importantly, at this rate of use, it is estimated that by 2025 the reserves will run out (Wanger, "The Lithium Future-resources, Recycling, and the Environment" 202-206). And as supply decreases, the price for lithium can be expected to increase. This would heavily impact lithium mining. Lithium mining is an important issue to understand. Lithium is the third element on the periodic table and is the lightest metal (Shriver, "Lithium"). It is an alkaline metal and has one valence electron. Therefore it...
Words: 1036 - Pages: 5
...Lithium: Lithium is the third element on the periodic table which makes its atomic number three. The symbol that is associated with lithium is Li as shown in the spelling of my first name. The atomic mass of lithium is approximately seven. Since the number of protons and electrons are equal to the atomic number, they equal three for lithium. The number of neutrons in lithium equals four. Lithium is a light, silver-white metal which therefore makes it a solid. After the mineral it is in is heated at a very high temperature, one of three methods can be applied. One of the methods is to use sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate to the ore it is found in. The iron and aluminum come out of the ore during this step. After that, more sodium carbonate is added the material that...
Words: 513 - Pages: 3
...society. Nowadays, these electronics are powered from Lithium-ion batteries. Lithium is extracted from two sources: ores and salt brines - in the chemical production, lithium minerals are transformed into basic chemicals such as lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, and lithium chloride, which are used to produce many derivatives (Sun et al., 2017, p. 51-52; Wanger, 2010; USGS, 2018). The major processes throughout the lithium life cycle can be divided into five stages: resource mining, chemical production, product manufacture, product use and waste management (Sun et al., 2017). The majority of lithium, originally, was produced from mineral...
Words: 576 - Pages: 3
...Lithium is used in many items we use daily, but the using of lithium has good and bad effects (Wanger 202-206). Lithium’s effects can be sorted into the categories; political, economic, environmental, social, and technological. Of these the economic and environmental are the most important to understand. Lithium mining can be done by either pumping brine in rivers or hardrock mining ("Lithium Mining"). People involved in this process are the mining companies and the U.S, government. The U.S. government payed a multibillion dollar investment in 2009 for an industry that satisfies the future demands for lithium vehicle batteries (Wanger 202-206). Lithium mining began in 1817 when it was discovered by scientist, Johann August Arfvedson in Sweden...
Words: 374 - Pages: 2
...Lithium opportunities in Chile The Republic of Chile is a country located in South America. It is on the west side where it meets with the Pacific Ocean, and it narrowly extends meeting with the borders of Peru, Bolivia and Argentina in the east. Chile is the 38th largest country in the world, it has 756,096 km2. In Chile the official language spoken is Spanish. The country is full of natural resources, the most known ones are copper, nitrate and timber, and thus those are being the ones most exploited. But we live in a world that is in constant changing, and nowadays everything is becoming more and more technological and green. Which is why everyday the demand for batteries is increasing, pretty much anything we use nowadays has a battery. The main resource used in the fabrication of such is lithium, but lithium is not easy to find, not many countries have such resources, but Chile does. To better understand the business opportunity it is important to look at Chile’s economy: GDP (PPP) | $335.4 billion | GDP per Capita | $19,100 | Unemployment | 6% | Corporate Tax Rate | 20% | Income Tax Rate | 40% | GDP growth Rate | 4.2% | Poverty Rate | 11% | Inflation Rate | 1.7% | Exports | 81.411 billion | Imports | 70.619 billion | Minimum Wage | 225,000 pesos or 360 US $ | Literacy Rate | 98% | Life Expectancy | 78 years | Population | 17,819,054 | Labor Force | 8.3 million | Current mining situation in Chile: As it is seen from the table, Chile...
Words: 979 - Pages: 4
...As consumer devices have become smaller and their uninterrupted use before recharging more important, it has also become increasingly important for batteries to become both miniaturized and more energy efficient. This, however, has proved to be a technological hurdle that, if surpassed, will be an important and profitable development for tomorrow's high tech economy. Battery Technology All electrical batteries rely on the fundamental chemical reaction of reduction and oxidation...
Words: 1286 - Pages: 6
...Chemistry Research Assignment Part A – The Production of Materials: 1. Use available evidence to gather and present data from secondary sources and analyse progress in the recent development and use of a named biopolymer. This analysis should name the specific enzyme(s) used or organism used to synthesise the material and an evaluation of the use or potential use of the polymer produced related to its properties. a) Name a biopolymer (eg. Biopol) outlining how it’s produced. Biopol: Made in the 1960s In an American company. This biopolymer is a PHA and is produced industrially by growing it in tanks with bacteria such as Alcaligenes eutrophus along with a carbon based food source. It is then isolated from the tank to be purified by various methods such as dissolving the PHB in trichloromethane and then removing all its waste to create Biopol. b) Construct a table, relating its uses/possible uses to its properties. Uses Properties related Act as a carrier for slowly releasing insecticides and herbicides and fertilizers Biodegradable – able to break down in the natural environment Use as containers for plastics as well as shampoo containers and cosmetics insoluble in water and relatively high tensile strength Medical applications Biocompatibility and biodegradable Non toxic c) Evaluate the importance of this biopolymer now and its potential for use in the future based on part b. Biopol is quite an important biopolymer as a future resource because firstly, there...
Words: 6532 - Pages: 27
...Bipolar disorder is a disorder where the subject has mood swings that range from depressive lows to manic highs. Bipolar disorder can't be cured, but it can be helped with the use of medicine. One popular form of medicine used with treating Bipolar disorder is Lithium. While it isn't exactly known how Lithium is able to treat the disorder, doctors believe that is works on the central nervous system and strengthens connections in the brain. Effects of Lithium can help the person function normally by helping someone regulate their thinking, mood, and behavior. Even though Lithium is usually used for bipolar disorder, it can be used to help a few other health problems such as: cluster headaches, mental depression, and neutropenia. Benefits of...
Words: 390 - Pages: 2
...Bipolar Disorder The severe mood fluctuations of bipolar or manic-depressive disorders have been around since the 16-century and affect little more than 2% of the population in sexes, all races, and all parts of the world (Harmon 3). Researchers think that the cause is genetic, but it is still unknown. The one fact of which we are painfully aware of is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because the symptoms of bipolar disorder are so debilitation, it is crucial that we search for possible treatments and cures. The characteristics of bipolar disorder are significant shifts in mood that go from manic episodes to deep depressive episodes in a up and down trip that seemingly never ends. There are actually three types of bipolar disorder. In bipolar III disorder there is a family history of mania or hypomania in addition to the client experiencing depressive episodes. This category is not highly used but is worth noting. Bipolar II disorder is marked by hypomanic episodes that have not required hospitalization. Bipolar I disorder is the full-blown illness and is defined by the presence of manic episodes which require treatment, and usually hospitalization (Wilner 44). As the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA) has demonstrated, bipolar disorder can create substantial developmental delays, marital and family disruptions, occupational setbacks, and financial disasters....
Words: 1508 - Pages: 7
...Airbus Abandons Plan to Use Controversial Batteries in New Jet By NICOLA CLARK Published: February 15, 2013 * FACEBOOK * TWITTER * GOOGLE+ * SAVE * E-MAIL * SHARE * PRINT * SINGLE PAGE * REPRINTS * PARIS — Faced with the potential of a prolonged investigation into what caused batteries on two Boeing 787 Dreamliner jets to catch fire or emit smoke last month, Boeing’s European rival, Airbus, said Friday that it had abandoned plans to use the same battery technology on its forthcoming wide-body jet, the A350-XWB. Add to Portfolio * Boeing Company Go to your Portfolio » Airbus said it started informing airline customers on Thursday that it would not move ahead with an original plan to use the lightweight lithium-ion batteries to power a number of the A350’s onboard systems, and would revert instead to a conventional battery, made of nickel-cadmium, that is already used extensively on existing Airbus models. “Airbus considers this to be the most appropriate way forward in the interest of program execution and reliability,” said Marcella Muratore, an Airbus spokeswoman. Airbus completed the assembly of its first test version of the A350 late last year and initial ground tests of that plane using the lithium-ion batteries had already begun at its factory in Toulouse, France. By switching batteries now, the company said it hoped to be able to stick to its schedule of delivering the first...
Words: 711 - Pages: 3
...The phenomenon of bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this affliction can appear in almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to have had bipolar disorder. It is clear that in our society many people live with bipolar disorder; however, despite the abundance of people suffering from the it, we are still waiting for definite explanations for the causes and cure. The one fact of which we are painfully aware is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its" victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because bipolar disorder has such debilitating symptoms, it is imperative that we remain vigilant in the quest for explanations of its causes and treatment. Affective disorders are characterized by a smorgasbord of symptoms that can be broken into manic and depressive episodes. The depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness and despair that can become feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Some of the symptoms of a depressive episode include anhedonia, disturbances in sleep and appetite, psycomoter retardation, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, difficulty thinking, indecision, and recurrent thoughts of death and suicide (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often ...
Words: 1719 - Pages: 7
...sustainable alternative to the widely-used lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion batteries are ubiquitous in devices all over the world, ranging from cell phones to laptop computers and electric cars. But there may soon be a new type of battery based on materials that are far more abundant and less costly. A potassium-ion battery has been shown to be possible. And the last time this possibility was explored was when Herbert Hoover was president, the Great Depression was in full swing and the Charles Lindbergh baby kidnapping was the big news story of the year -- 1932. "For decades, people have assumed that potassium couldn't work with graphite or other bulk carbon anodes in a battery," said Xiulei (David) Ji, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of chemistry in the College of Science at Oregon State University. "That assumption is incorrect," Ji said. "It's really shocking that no one ever reported on this issue for 83 years." The Journal of the American Chemical Society published the findings from this discovery, which was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and done in collaboration with OSU researchers Zelang Jian and Wei Luo. A patent is also pending on the new technology. The findings are of considerable importance, researchers say, because they open some new alternatives to batteries that can work with well-established and inexpensive graphite as the anode, or high-energy reservoir of electrons. Lithium can do that, as the charge carrier whose...
Words: 589 - Pages: 3
...Major Drug Interaction: Applies to: venlafaxine, mirtazapine MONITOR CLOSELY: Concomitant use of agents with serotonergic may potentiate the risk of serotonin syndrome, which is a rare but serious and potentially fatal condition thought to result from hyperstimulation of brainstem 5-HT1A and 2A receptors. Symptoms of the serotonin syndrome may include mental status changes such as irritability, altered consciousness, confusion, hallucinations, and coma; autonomic dysfunction such as tachycardia, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, shivering, blood pressure lability, and mydriasis; neuromuscular abnormalities such as hyperreflexia, myoclonus, tremor, rigidity, and ataxia; and gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. MANAGEMENT: In general, the concomitant use of multiple serotonergic agents should be avoided if possible, or otherwise approached with caution if potential benefit is deemed to outweigh the risk. Patients should be closely monitored for symptoms of the serotonin syndrome during treatment. Particular caution is advised when increasing the dosages of these agents. The potential risk for serotonin syndrome should be considered even when administering serotonergic agents sequentially, as some agents may demonstrate a prolonged elimination half-life. For example, a 5-week washout period is recommended following use of fluoxetine before administering another serotonergic agent. If serotonin syndrome develops or is suspected during...
Words: 5976 - Pages: 24