...Uses of Statistical Information Darryl Lowery Statistical Applications/HCS438 February 28, 2012 Julieanne Hessler, RN MSN, MBA Introduction Statistics are used in every phase in the delivery of health care. This is particularly true as it relates to the cost of providing health care services (Eaton, 2006). At Mercy Medical Center, not unlike any other health care facility, the use of statistics is pervasive throughout the organization. First and foremost Mercy uses statistics to develop and maintain its financial imperatives (Minnis, 2008). Simply stated if actual cost of providing health care services exceeds the revenue generated the organization will have difficulty keeping its doors open. This paper will discuss examples of descriptive and inferential statistics in use at Mercy Medical Center. Also discussed will be how data at nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio levels of measurement are used within the organization. Finally, the advantages of accurate interpretation of statistical data and improved decision making within the organization will be discussed. Descriptive Statistics An example of a descriptive statistic used at Mercy Medical Center is time spent by the Emergency Department on yellow alert status. Yellow alert is defined by the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems (2012) as ambulance diversion from a designated emergency department that is unable to effectively manage additional patient volume at that time...
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...ORG An Efficient Connection between Statistical Software and Database Management System Sunghae Jun Department of Statistics, Cheongju University Chungbuk 360-764 Korea ABSTRACT In big data era, we need to manipulate and analyze the big data. For the first step of big data manipulation, we can consider traditional database management system. To discover novel knowledge from the big data environment, we should analyze the big data. Many statistical methods have been applied to big data analysis, and most works of statistical analysis are dependent on diverse statistical software such as SAS, SPSS, or R project. In addition, a considerable portion of big data is stored in diverse database systems. But, the data types of general statistical software are different from the database systems such as Oracle, or MySQL. So, many approaches to connect statistical software to database management system (DBMS) were introduced. In this paper, we study on an efficient connection between the statistical software and DBMS. To show our performance, we carry out a case study using real application. Keywords Statistical software, Database management system, Big data analysis, Database connection, MySQL, R project. 1. INTRODUCTION Every day, huge data are created from diverse fields, and stored in computer systems. These big data are extremely large and complex [1]. So, it is very difficult to manage and analyze them. But, big data analysis is important issue in many...
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...Statistical Databases Jaideep Srivastava and Hung Q. Ngo, Department of Computer Science, University of Minnesota, 200 Union street, EE/CS Building, room 4-192, Minneapolis, MN 55455 e-mail: srivasta, hngo @cs.umn.edu, ¡ 1 Introduction A statistical database management system (SDBMS) is a database management system that can model, store and manipulate data in a manner well suited to the needs of users who want to perform statistical analyses on the data. Statistical databases have some special characteristics and requirements that are not supported by existing commercial database management systems. For example, while basic aggregation operations like SUM and AVG are part of SQL, there is no support for other commonly used operations like variance and co-variance. Such computations, as well as more advanced ones like regression and principal component analysis, are usually performed using statistical packages and libraries, such as SAS [1] and SPSS [2]. From the end user’s perspective, whether the statistical calculations are being performed in the database or in a statistical package can be quite transparent, especially from a functionality viewpoint. However, once the datasets to be analyzed grow beyond a certain size, the statistical package approach becomes infeasible, either due to its inability to handle large volumes of data, or the unacceptable computation times which make interactive analysis impossible. With the increasing sophistication of data collection instrumentation...
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...Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice Prepared by the Committee on Professional Ethics Approved by the Board of Directors, August 7, 1999 Executive Summary This document contains two parts: I. Preamble and II. Ethical Guidelines. The Preamble addresses A. Purpose of the Guidelines, B. Statistics and Society, and C. Shared Values. The purpose of the document is to encourage ethical and effective statistical work in morally conducive working environments. It is also intended to assist students in learning to perform statistical work responsibly. Statistics plays a vital role in many aspects of science, the economy, governance, and even entertainment. It is important that all statistical practitioners recognize their potential impact on the broader society and the attendant ethical obligations to perform their work responsibly. Furthermore, practitioners are encouraged to exercise "good professional citizenship" in order to improve the public climate for, understanding of, and respect for the use of statistics throughout its range of applications. The Ethical Guidelines address eight general topic areas and specify important ethical considerations under each topic. A. Professionalism points out the need for competence, judgment, diligence, self-respect, and worthiness of the respect of other people. B. Responsibilities to Funders, Clients, and Employers discusses the practitioner's responsibility for assuring that statistical work is suitable to the needs...
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...Use of Statistical Information HCS/438 August 6, 2012 Use of Statistical Information Statistics is defined as “the science of collecting, organizing, and interpreting data” (Bennett, Briggs, & Triola, 2009). For most patients and their families, the process of healthcare appears simple. People with illnesses are admitted into a hospital facility and a specific course of treatment is identified and the care is carried out by a team of physicians, nurses, and social workers. What is not noticed is a specialized resource team aimed at keeping all patients safe throughout the course of their hospitalization. This paper will identify how statistics are utilized in the infection prevention setting, identify one example of descriptive statistics, identify one example of inferential statistics, explain data at each of the four levels of measurement and describe the advantages of accurate interpretation of statistical information to improve decision making in the workplace. How Are Statistics Used in Your Workplace There are many uses for statistical application in the field of infection prevention and control. The purpose of infection prevention and control is to put into place policies and procedures that minimize the spread of infections, especially in the hospital setting. The primary function of infection prevention and control surveillance is to reduce the occurrence of infections by using risk factors and implementation of risk-risk reduction measures and the...
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...KNBS DATA DISSEMINATION AND ACCESS POLICY November 2012 VISION A centre of excellence in statistics production and management MISSION To effectively manage and coordinate the entire national statistical system to enhance statistical production and utilization Herufi House, Lt. Tumbo lane P.O. Box 30266 – 00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254-20-317583/86/88,317612/22/23/51 Fax: +254 – 20-315977 Email: info@knbs.or.ke Web: www.knbs.or.ke i WI-83-1-1 Preface Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) is the principal agency of the Government for collecting, analysing and disseminating statistical data in Kenya. KNBS is the custodian of official statistical information and is mandated to coordinate all statistical activities, and the National Statistical System (NSS) in the country. Official statistics are data produced and disseminated within the scope of the Statistical Programme of the National Statistical System (NSS) in compliance with international standards. To achieve this mandate, KNBS strives to live up to the aspirations of its vision; to be a centre of excellence in statistics production and management. Chapter Four on The Bill of Rights section 35 of the new constitution in Kenya gives every citizen right of access to information held by the State. This policy document strives to provide a framework for availing statistical information to the public in conformity with this bill and government’s open data initiative. This...
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...Write a brief paper on Statistics and Operations Research in the context of Analytics. Analytics is defined as the scientific process of transforming data into insight for making better decisions. It is the combination of skills, technologies, applications and processes used by data scientist to gain insight in to their business based on data and statistics to drive business planning. It typically use’s data, statistical and quantitative analysis to measure the performance of the subject (Organization/ website etc.) on which a study is to be conducted. Analytics can be used in various fields such as market research, for studying user web pattern behavior & in many other applications to derive some meaningful information out of the complex world around us. But we will first touch upon the area of operations research & how Analytics with the help of various statistical tools can help to solve the operation related problem in an organization. Operations research overlaps with other disciplines, such as industrial engineering and operations management. It is often concerned with determining an optimal solution out of a business problem. It may either to maximize your profit, performance, or yield or minimize your losses, risk, or cost. In the fields of production, logistics, or sales where managers are facing a problems so as how to allocate resources, develop production schedules, manage the supply chain, and set prices. For example, it many help to decide how to organize...
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...Copyright © 2009, 2005 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. University of Phoenix® is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix® editorial standards and practices. Course Description This course prepares graduate students to apply statistics and probability concepts to business decisions in organizations that focus on process improvement. Students learn criteria for developing effective research questions, including the creation of appropriate sampling populations and instruments. Other topics include descriptive statistics, probability concepts, confidence intervals, sampling designs, data collection, and data analysis—including parametric and nonparametric tests of hypothesis and regression analysis. Policies Students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following document: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each...
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...STUDENT; GITHUNDI BEDAN. ADMISSION REF-27086/2013 LECTURER; Dr. Lilian Otieno, Resident Lecturer I am tasked to distinguish between parametric and non-parametric statistics and explain when to use each method in analysis of data. I shall first seek to define what parametric and non-parametric statistics mean and then compare and contrast them in the analysis of data. Parametric statistics is a branch of statistics that assumes that the data has come from a type of probability distribution and makes inferences about the parameters of the distribution. Most well-known elementary statistical methods are parametric. (According to Wikipedia, the online dictionary). In statistical analysis, parametric significance tests are only valid if certain assumptions are met. If they are not, nonparametric tests can be used. A parameter is a measure of an entire population, such as the mean height of every man in London. In statistical analysis, one practically never has measurements from a whole population and has to infer the characteristics of the population from a sample. Generally speaking parametric methods make more assumptions than non-parametric methods. If those extra assumptions are correct, parametric methods can produce more accurate and precise estimates. They are said to have more statistical power. However, if assumptions are incorrect, parametric methods can be very misleading. For that reason they are often not considered robust. On the other hand, parametric formulae are often...
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...Inferential statistics and the reasons why we use them. I will also discuss hypothesis development and testing, when to select the appropriate statistical test, and how to evaluating statistical results. In this class I learned the difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. We use descriptive statistics to measure and analysis data. There are a number of reasons why we use Descriptive statistics. We use it, because Descriptive statistics numerical summaries measure the central tendency of a data set, it can include graphical summaries that show the spread of the data, and they provide simple summaries about the sample that help interpret and analyze data. First, there are a number of reasons why we use descriptive statistics we use it because descriptive statistics numerical summaries that either measure the central tendency of a data set. In business therefore descriptive statistics helps in making conclusions about various issues and therefore helps in making decision. Description statistics is the first step in analyzing data before making inferences of data, therefore it is important in analyzing any data collected that will help in describing the characteristics of data collected. There are three measurements that we tend to use. One measurement is the mean. The mean is often referred to as the average. The average is found by adding all the data and then multiplying by the total number of data value. We also measure the median. The median is...
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...(Kowalski & Westen, 2007, p. 3). During the late 19th century, psychology became an actual science because of the fascination of human behavior. Psychologists use observation to measure human behavior better to understand mental and biological processes, motives, and personality traits. Human behavior may be understood through applied and academic science (Psychology Majors, 2011). Based on this, research using the scientific method is necessary for statistical psychology. Early research and use of scientific method in psychology included the works of Edward Titchener. Titchener used structuralism to explore aspects of the mind. Research through this method focused on introspection, or individual conscious experience. Titchener used a table method similar to a chemistry periodic table to study human behavior. Titchener believed experimentation was the only scientific method to use for the study psychology (Northern Illinois University, 2003). A paradigm in psychology is a set of theoretical assertions that provide a model, abstract picture, or object of study (Kowalski & Westen, 2007, p. 11). A paradigm is a set of shared metaphors that compare any object of study through investigation. Many modern psychologists use innovative approaches to study human behavior to support traditional methods of psychology through use of research using the scientific method. According to Kampis and Karsai (2010), the scientific method can best be learned through research. In addition,...
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...Probability and statistics are two related but separate academic disciplines. Statistical analysis often uses probability distributions, and the two topics are often studied together. However, probability theory contains much that is of mostly of mathematical interest and not directly relevant to statistics. Moreover, many topics in statistics are independent of probability theory. Probability (or likelihood) is a measure or estimation of how likely it is that something will happen or that a statement is true. Probabilities are given a value between 0 (0% chance or will not happen) and 1 (100% chance or will happen). The higher the degree of probability, the more likely the event is to happen, or, in a longer series of samples, the greater the number of times such event is expected to happen. These concepts have been given an axiomatic mathematical derivation in probability theory (see probability axioms), which is used widely in such areas of study as mathematics, statistics, finance, gambling, science, artificial intelligence/machine learning and philosophy to, for example, draw inferences about the expected frequency of events. Probability theory is also used to describe the underlying mechanics and regularities of complex systems. Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. It deals with all aspects of data, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments. The word statistics...
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...Tel: 012 585 865 / 016555507 1 28-06-2013 WU: Statistics for Management What is Statistics? Why Study Statistics? Uses of Statistics Statistical Challenges Critical Thinking Statistics: An Evolving Field What is Statistics? • Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data. • A statistic is a single measure (number) used to summarize a sample data set. For example, the average height of students in this class. • A statistician is an expert with at least a master’s degree in mathematics or statistics or a trained professional in a related field. 2 28-06-2013 Why Study Statistics? Communication Understanding the language of statistics facilitates communication and improves problem solving. Computer Skills The use of spreadsheets for data analysis and word processors or presentation software for reports improves upon your existing skills. Why Study Statistics? Information Management Statistics help summarize large amounts of data and reveal underlying relationships. Technical Literacy Career opportunities are in growth industries propelled by advanced technology. The use of statistical software increases your technical literacy. 3 28-06-2013 Why Study Statistics? Career Advancement Statistical literacy can enhance your career...
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...analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.[1][2] It deals with all aspects of data, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.[1] The word statistics, when referring to the scientific discipline, is singular, as in "Statistics is an art."[3] This should not be confused with the word statistic, referring to a quantity (such as mean ormedian) calculated from a set of data,[4] whose plural is statistics ("this statistic seems wrong" or "these statistics are misleading"). More probability density is found the closer one gets to the expected (mean) value in a normal distribution. Statistics used in standardized testing assessment are shown. The scales include standard deviations, cumulative percentages, percentile equivalents, Z-scores, T-scores, standard nines, and percentages in standard nines. Contents [hide] * 1 Scope * 2 History * 3 Overview * 4 Statistical methods * 4.1 Experimental and observational studies * 4.2 Levels of measurement * 4.3 Key terms used in statistics * 4.4 Examples * 5 Specialized disciplines * 6 Statistical computing * 7 Misuse * 8 Statistics applied to mathematics or the arts * 9 See also * 10 References | ------------------------------------------------- Scope[edit] Some consider statistics a mathematical body of science that pertains to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data,[5] while others consider it a branch ofmathematics[6] concerned...
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...Uses of Statistical Information Donna Ballard, RN University of Phoenix HCS/438 Statistics Betty Jones, RN July 7, 2015 Statistics is defined as “the science of collecting, organizing, and interpreting data” (Bennett, Briggs, & Triola, 2009). Statistics can be utilized in many ways within an organization such as acute care also referred to as hospitals. Each facility has a specific department identified as infection prevention or infection control. Infection control/prevention uses research and statistics to facilitate standardized care by implementing best practice measures through evidenced based practice. “Statistical information that is gathered is then used to help compare present and past performance, as a guide for planning future development, appraisal of work performed by healthcare staff, hospital or clinic finding, and research ( International Federation of Health Information Management Associations, 2012). The purpose of this assignment is to identify how statistics are utilized within the infection control and prevention department at Sierra View Medical Center, identify one example of descriptive statistics, identify one example of inferential statistics, explain data at each of the four levels of measurement and describe the advantages of accurate interpretation of statistical information to improve decision making. The purpose of infection prevention and control is to put into place policies and procedures that minimize the spread of infections...
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