...Vaccinations is a process where a person is injected with a substance to make them immune to a disease. Diseases that can make you sick, disabled or even kill you. Most vaccines contain the disease that it is trying to protect you from by building up your immune system to help you fight it if you ever come across the real thing. Many parents of an autistic child blame the condition on vaccines being the direct and only cause. Often, many of those parents have no real concrete evidence to support their claim. Those parents usually are just reading blogs of parents who are facing the same issue. Over the past decade many parents face the hard decision on whether they want to vaccine their child or not. Jenny McCarthy said, “If you ask...
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...doses of 9 vaccines, plus a yearly flu shot after six months old, for kids aged 0 to six. No United States federal laws mandate vaccination, but all 50 states require certain vaccinations for children entering public schools. Most states offer medical and religious exemptions; and some states allow philosophical exemptions. Proponents say that vaccinations are...
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...Thesis question: "Do parents have a right to withhold vaccines from their children for philosophical reasons, or should parents be forced to have their children immunized for the good of society?" Thesis statement: “Since vaccines have been invented, there has been a lot of controversy regarding the belief whether parents should immunize their children for the benefit of the society or withhold vaccines for personal reasons”. Introduction: It is inevitable that media, especially tabloids and articles play a big role in shaping the beliefs, practices and norms of the society. Immunization, which is also known as vaccination is one of the most controversial debates that evokes different opinions among the general public. Since vaccines have been invented, there has been a lot of controversy regarding the belief whether parents should immunize their children for the benefit of the society or withhold vaccines for personal reasons. During the last couple of months, the Disneyland Measles outbreak has been one of the hottest and most controversial news in the nation. According to writer and news announcer Rath of National Public Relations (2015), it was reported that since December 2014, roughly 80 people in the Unites States have been confirmed to have measles. Seventy percent of the affected individuals were allegedly the ones who visited the Disneyland theme park. It was discovered that at least 28 of these victims had not received the measles vaccine. Because of this...
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...epilepsy, diabetes, and violent behaviour. As in the 1800s, people feel that these notions are true and are refusing vaccinations. This essay will explore each stage in the history of the vaccination from it’s initial formation to rapid World War II development to recent controversies. It will specifically look to answer the question, “How significant are vaccinations and their historical development in regards to its impact on North American society?” Initial Creation: Edward Jenner, Cowpox, And Smallpox Vaccination Prior to delving into the history of the vaccination itself, it is essential to first understand the difference between variolation and vaccination. Although variolation and vaccination were both created with the sole purpose of providing the patient with immunity from the objective disease, they are different practises which are often used interchangeably, noticeable in non medical parlance. Variolation involves the transfer infectious material from smallpox¹ sores of an infected person to the body of an uninfected person², introducing the disease in a controlled amount. People established this process due to observations that those who were infected with smallpox and survived never contracted the disease again. However, variolation sometimes proved lethal as in many instances the disease sample developed into a serious case of smallpox. Vaccination, on the other hand, is a process in which an antigen (a foreign substance or a toxin) is introduced into the body...
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...authorities should promote the vaccination of school-aged girls against HPV, because the benefits and positive aspects are stronger than negative points once it is program ethically justified. The school-based HPV Vaccination Program is a program that adheres to the principle of beneficence. Due high efficiency, the HPV vaccine prevents HPV infections and malign disease that requires previous HPV infections to occur in young girls. Thus, the incidence of some type of cancer such as cervical cancer will decrease and...
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...Vaccines, Do They Cause Autism in Children? Michael L Eisenmenger Western Governors University Vaccines, Do They Cause Autism in Children? Vaccinations have been used for centuries to prevent the spread of some of the most dangerous diseases in humans. In 1998, a research study from Dr. Andrew Wakefield was published in the journal Lancet, suggesting common vaccinations were the cause of autism in children (Brink. 2013). That study has since been retracted by the Lancet and Dr. Wakefield has had his medical license revoked. However, the rates of vaccinations have declined because of the study and new outbreaks of diseases once considered eradicated are killing children. Research has shown that vaccines are not a cause of autism in children because the preservatives suspected of causing autism have been removed from them, research studies have shown no link between the two, the original research has been proven false, and the diagnosis of autism has changed. Ever since the debate of vaccines being a cause of autism has started, the ingredient thimersol has been one of the focus’ of study. Thimersol is a preservative that was used in vaccines until 2001. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has stated, “In 2001, thimersol was removed or reduced to trace amounts in all childhood vaccinations except one type of influenza vaccine, and thimersol-free alternatives are available for influenza vaccines.” (CDC, 2014) Thimersol contains the type of mercury...
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...Anti-Vaccination: An Opposition Melanie Say Kaplan University Professor Chad Walls CM220 March 13, 2015 Opposition: Anti-vaccination Despite extended benefits demonstrated through immunization programs, parents and vocal groups alike are challenging the administration of inoculations. A history of fraudulent studies introduced the concept of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism, adding fuel to the controversial fire of adverse reactions associated with immunizations. Furthermore, organizations in Maine defend philosophical exemptions in schools as their "personal freedom and parental right", disregarding the "imminent danger to others who can't take the vaccine" (Boston Globe, 2015, para. 4). Within the past two decades, opposition...
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...Child Vaccinations Mandatory Law or Personal Choice By: Courtney Boyd Childhood vaccinations, a personal choice or mandatory law? The anti-vaccine movement created by parent complaints have made many parents and guardians question the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations. I will discuss the history of vaccines, how vaccinations work, the effects of not receiving vaccines, the exemptions of states, as well as a guide to the age a child should receive each vaccination and the vaccine required. History of the vaccine Do you know how long it usually takes for a new vaccine to become available to the public? Scientists and researchers spend many years (10-15) in science laboratories during the first stage of this extensive process. Once this process has been completed, the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. F.D.A.) has a series of trials that are conducted on human volunteers. These series are used to test vaccine efficiency, to determine appropriate dosage, and to monitor adverse side effects. That’s not the end though, after these series of tests, the FDA still monitors the vaccine reactions for many years. The first vaccine was not discovered until 1798 by Edward Jenner and was used for vaccination against the smallpox virus. Later on, over a 100 years, Louis Pasteur proved that a disease could be prevented by infecting a person with the weakened germs. Dr. Pasteur used a vaccine on a boy in 1885 to prevent rabies as...
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...extinct in America, is unfortunately again on the rise. In the year 2000, national leaders in the United States declared that measles had been eliminated within the country, however, from January 1, 2014 to August 29, 2014, there were 592 Measles cases in the United States (Koplowitz 1). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have attributed these cases to parents refusing to have their children vaccinated. Within the past two months, there have been 102 cases of measles reported in 14 states (Grady 1). Vaccinations have proven to be extremely effective. After receiving two doses of the measles vaccination, 97% of people are immune to this disease (“For Health Care Professionals” 2). It is completely unacceptable to have an outbreak of a disease that is almost completely preventable and was eliminated from the United States 15 years ago. In order to protect citizens against communicable diseases, it should be mandatory for almost everyone to receive vaccinations. There are two types of immunizations: active and passive. The more common of the two is the active immunization, which stimulates the body’s immune system to fabricate a defense against a disease-causing microorganism (“Immunization” 1). The first recorded active immunization was Edward Jenner’s use of the cowpox virus to produce immunity to smallpox in 1796 (Riedel 5). Currently, any formulation containing a microorganism for the purpose of immunization is referred to as a vaccine. A population is fully protected...
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...Even though there is a big controversy, I think that vaccines are beneficial for everyone, even though there are cons the pros outweighs the cons. Most of the cons happen to a small percentage of people. My claims that state the benefits are, the amount of ingredients, the rarity of reactions to vaccines, and the diseases that vaccines have helped and even eradicated. The ingredients are safe in the amount that they are used such as thimerosal, formaldehyde, and aluminum, they can be harmful in large doses but they are not used in harmful quantities in vaccines. These ingredients are used in vaccines such as the hepatitis-c vaccine, polio vaccine, and Pneumococcal vaccine. These vaccines have benefit millions of people and it is ignorant if...
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...Daniela Hernandez Ms. Carrasco Nursing 11 March 2015 Is the Remedy Worse Than the Illness? Throughout the years vaccinations have become a way that our society has overcome many plagues and diseases and ultimately prevented them from surfacing again. Vaccines stimulate the making of antibodies and provide immunity to certain diseases such as Tetanus and Influenza. Once a child is born, specially during his first years, a series of injections are suggested by the pediatrician due to the fact that they can prevent health problems later on. However lately there is a debate among parents on whether the vaccines actually help protect against the disease or aid the surfacing of it. How much of this debate is fed by the media and what are the true facts about vaccines? Although vaccines can have side effects and difficulties, it can greatly reduce diseases and death's making the positive effects outweight the negative. This controversial debate was brought to my attention when I heard the different cases of Measles that started in Disney at California. As I watched the news broadcast in NBC I was suddenly thankful for all the vaccines that I had when I was a child. The story of the outbreak revolves around the spread of a disease because people weren't vaccinated. "The United States has already had more cases of measles in the first month of 2015 than the number that is typically diagnosed in a full year." (Corum, Keller, Park, Tse 2). This is a huge deal and a fact that...
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...Jobs. Now that he has passed away, everyone and their brother are saying that he was a difficult patient. They say he refused lifesaving treatments and surgeries. This is easy to say now that he has passed. We cannot go back now and do a Whipple on him to compare how much longer he would have lived. Whipples are extremely involved procedures and can lead to many complications, with no guarantee of prolonged life. Monday morning quarterbacks are a dime a dozen. The ethical issue that I choose to use for my paper is the recent dilemma of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for boys. Vaccinations in general have always been on the list of ethical topics in healthcare. From parents of newborns who believe in the false link between vaccinations and autism, to pediatricians who refuse to continue to provide care to their patients whose parents refuse to vaccinate, to the newest dilemma of the HPV vaccination. This dilemma includes the recent comment made by Republican presidential candidate Michele Bachmann about HPV vaccine causing mental retardation (Los Angeles Times, 2011). The HPV vaccine has been used on girls...
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...More than any other matter, the question of issues stirs among the battle of vaccines. Since the 1980’s, the quantity of vaccinations that children most receive has doubled, and in that same time autism diagnoses have tripled. Studies have shown that some children have suffered from both autism like developmental disorders and intestinal symptoms that include inflammation, pain and bloating. It has been reported kids started showing signs of autism days after getting the MMR vaccine. With this said, cases established a link between vaccines and autism implying that exposure to the measles virus could be a causal factor to children’s autism. This has alarmed parents to begin to question whether they should immunize their children or not. There are many people who feel that the immunizations do more harm than good. These same people believe that the diseases for which vaccinations are given are not something that they have to worry about. They believe that these issues have been gone for so long that there would be no chance of them coming back in full force. Next, Vaccinations have also long been the subject of various ethical controversies. The main ethical debates related to vaccine regulation, developmental and the usage of research and testing along with parents to be forced upon mandates of governmental laws for school attendance and enrollment. Many argue this comes into their right of religious and philosophical viewpoints with arising conflicts all around. For instance...
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...HS 305 Section 01: Research Methods Unit 5 Assignment Vaccinations are defined as medical substance that is injected into a person or animal to protect against a particular disease. They are a preparation of killed, living attenuated, or living fully virulent organisms given to produce an immune or increase immunity against specific diseases (Vaccine, 2014). When babies are born they have a limited immune system that is achieved through antibodies received through their mother’s milk. However this immunity dissipates after the first year of life and therefore vaccinations are necessary to maintain immunity. In recent years there has been some controversy over the safety of vaccine components and whether or not the Measles, Mumps and Rubella vaccine (MMR) causes autism. Although no official link has been found numbers of unvaccinated people are increasing. This causes diseases that were once well controlled to re-immerge. An example of this is what happened in Japan when pertussis vaccinations were reduced after rumors spread about it not being necessary an unsafe. After three years of decreasing vaccinations in 1979 Japan suffered an epidemic of pertussis with over 13,000 cases reported and 41 deaths. In 1981 country officials reinstated the vaccination program and the number of cases and related deaths began to decline (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). The number of measles cases in Japan is once again on the rise. As of 2013 the number of confirmed...
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...THE USE OF VACCINES Vaccines have been considered instrumental in making the world a healthier environment for children and adults alike; however, vaccines do impose some health risks. It is important for all parents to consider both the benefits and risks of vaccines when deciding whether or not to have a child vaccinated. Vaccines are made up of products that stimulate a person’s immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease, protecting the person from that disease. They are usually administered through needle injections by mouth or sprayed into the nose. They are made up of small amounts of weakened or dead versions of bacteria, viruses, or other antigens that stimulate the immune system to create antibodies that prevent future infections from the disease. There are fourteen vaccine-preventable diseases that are considered potentially serious and have been routinely vaccinated against; these are: Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Meningococcal, Rotavirus, Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (Whooping Cough), Polio, Hepatitis A and B, Pneumococcal disease, Varicella (Chicken Pox), and Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HIB disease). Not long ago, these diseases disabled and killed millions of American children but because of the United States high compliance with childhood immunization schedules, these diseases have now become very uncommon (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). Immunization is a subject that evokes very strong opinions...
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