...Respiratory Disease Paper - Pneumonia Ranacia Alford HCS/245 October 16, 2014 Heather Walzel Respiratory Disease Paper – Pneumonia Introduction Pneumonia, by terminological definition, is an infection of the lungs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and other microbial organisms that invade the body. Pneumonia has the potential to be an advantageous disease in that it can attack when the body is infected by another microbial, such as a upper respiratory infection (Kid’s Health, 2011). Pneumonia can also be contracted by inhaling a liquid or chemical into the lungs (National Institutes of Health [NIH], 2014). Pneumonia may affect anyone from children to adults. This disease can be prevented and treated. Disease Prevention Type Pneumonia falls under more than one prevention type category. Primary prevention of pneumonia in the form of vaccines is an effective method among children and the elderly. The infant vaccine series of the pneumococcal vaccine, Prevnar, has been incorporated into the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommended immunizations for infants between ages two months and eighteen months (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). Other vaccines also contribute to prevention including Hib, Flu, and Pertussis (CDC, 2014). Because they're at higher risk for serious complications, infants born prematurely may be given treatments that temporarily protect against RSV, which can lead to pneumonia in younger kids (Kid’s Health,...
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...Cognitive Dissonance and Jenny McCarthy’s Death Toll Candace Stamper PSY/400 Russell Sempell June 4, 2014 Abstract Humans are great at rationalizing their behavior and actions. This is especially true when a group of people or a high status citizen supports an individual’s beliefs, even when there is no valid authority contributed to their stance. Individuals raised in the modern first-world are educated to believe in the science and efficiency of vaccinations to ensure public health and decrease infant and childhood mortality rates. A wealth of evidence exists to prove that vaccinations are safe, effective, and increase public health. The scientific and medical communities, by a vast majority, support the use of vaccinations and are desperately attempting to get vaccines to third world countries and end massive generations-long death tolls attributed to preventable diseases. The diseases that these vaccines prevent had been eradicated in the United States and Western Europe for decades. Why, then, are people willing to allow their children to go unvaccinated in first world nations? Cognitive dissonance may hold the answer to this question. Ian and Linda Williams are educated parents in Auckland, New Zealand, who refused to vaccinate their son, Alijah. This decision would be life-altering. The family was caught up in the recent anti-vaccine movement, promoted heavily by celebrities like Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., Jim Carrey, and Jenny McCarthy - one of the most famous opponents...
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...Facts 1. In the past 60 years, vaccines have helped eradicate one disease (smallpox) and are close to eradicating another (polio). 2. Vaccines currently help prevent more than 2.5 million deaths each year. 3. The impact of child vaccines is magnified when used in conjunction with other health efforts, including with things such as antibiotics, oral rehydration salts, bed nets, and vitamins. 4. New and underutilized vaccines could avert nearly 4 million child deaths under the age of 5 by 2015. 5. Vaccines cause “herd immunity”—if a majority of people in a community have been vaccinated against a disease, an unvaccinated person is less likely to get sick because others are less likely to get sick from and spread that disease. 6. Vaccines helped reduce measles deaths globally by 78% between 2000 and 2008; in sub-Saharan Africa, deaths dropped by 92% in the same period. 7. Vaccines exist that could stop rotavirus and pneumonia, two problems that kill nearly 3 million children under 5 each year. 8. New or improved vaccines are currently being developed for HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and neglected tropical diseases. Researchers estimate that a viable malaria vaccine could be ready for children in the developing world as early as 2015. 9. Not all vaccines are given as shots; vaccines for rotavirus and polio, for instance, are given orally. 10. The GAVI Alliance has supported the immunization of more than 288 million children and as a result...
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...the vaccination. In the years prior to the creation of the vaccination, some scientists had experimented with variolation, which was the...
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...Why do people need vaccination? * You may no longer be protected. * Getting vaccines helps protect your kids -- especially babies too young for vaccines. * You may need them when you travel. * Everyone needs to be immunised. * Your kids have an example set. * You didn’t get fully vaccinated as a child. * Newer vaccines have been developed. * You work in the health care profession. * You’re sexually active with a number of partners. * You have asthma, heart, lung disease, diabetes, or other chronic disease. Why do people need vaccination? * You may no longer be protected. * Getting vaccines helps protect your kids -- especially babies too young for vaccines. * You may need them when you travel. * Everyone needs to be immunised. * Your kids have an example set. * You didn’t get fully vaccinated as a child. * Newer vaccines have been developed. * You work in the health care profession. * You’re sexually active with a number of partners. * You have asthma, heart, lung disease, diabetes, or other chronic disease. VACCINATION VACCINATION How does vaccinations last? In many cases, vaccination provides lifelong protection against a disease, but this depends on which vaccination a person is given. How long a vaccination lasts depends on the disease that is being protected against, the vaccine and the person who has been vaccinated. Some vaccines provide very high levels of protection – for...
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...The preceding research has shown the benefits of what the HPV vaccine can offer, but what are the negative aspects of the vaccination? CDC published a summary of severe side effects that occurred with HPV vaccine utilizing the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) to provide a public opinion on the downsides to the HPV vaccine so that patients can have information on both sides of the spectrum (2014). Center for Disease Control (CDC, 2014) displayed, "In the first report, there were 12,424 reports of adverse events 772 (6% of all reports) described serious adverse events including 32 reports of death. The most recent VAERS report 2006-2014, showed 85 deaths after the vaccine, however there were no common patterns to the deaths that...
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...Paije Rush Professor Zeugin Workshop 100 December 8, 2011 “What Curves Our Thoughts?” How does Mooney intend to influence his audience /readers? People are conditioned by a lifetime of learning. Chris Mooney, author of “The Science of Why We Don’t Believe in Science”, explores how difficult it would be for people to accept new information. When a person is confronted with facts that challenge a long-held belief, the result is a strong defense to their position, a process called “motivated-reasoning” in which people may instead be ‘rationalizing’. Rationalizing can help explain how, as a society; we can remain bias over issues for which there are loads of evidence and information. This article is important based on the various perspectives of the learning process such as the president vaccine wars, science on climate changes, and global warming issues. Mooney uses these perspectives to his advantage to persuade his audience on the independence of beliefs and how it affects our thoughts. The theory behind “motivated reasoning” is that pre-existing beliefs, far more than any new facts brought to peoples’ attention tend to skew our thinking processes. These pre-existing thoughts color people’s most passionate and seemingly logical conclusions and beliefs. Mooney states, “‘Motivated-reasoning’ helps explain why we find groups so polarized over matters where the evidence is so unequivocal.”(pg.2) Mooney takes the time to not only cite organizations...
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...BSD113 ECONOMICS ASSESSMENT 2: RESEARCH ESSAY Writing your research summary Your writing style needs to be clear and efficient . Some key advice would be: • remember structure in writing: introduce, discuss and conclude • use short sentences – long sentences lose the reader • one argument/idea per paragraph • but be careful how you think about one argument/idea – a paragraph stretching over two pages is NOT acceptable so look for natural breaks, sub-arguments/ideas • nor will a paragraph with only one or two sentences look right, so think about how to combine some points (see comments below). This assessment is a formal academic piece of writing. The words and language style you use will convey this. Language used should be appropriate. Things to avoid include informal language, shorthand or colloquialisms. A short checklist of advice would include: • use “do not” instead of “don’t” • write in the third person, ie avoid using personal pronouns. For example, “Research shows that...” rather than “I think that...”. Descriptions should be quantified and/or relative to a comparable benchmark. For example: • Instead of saying “there was a massive increase in young people’s drinking” you would phrase it as “young people’s drinking increased by X% over the period (include citation of where your evidence came from)”. Tables and figures in themselves do nothing to enhance an argument unless they are clear AND explained...
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...a vero-cell-culture-derived trivalent influenza vaccine: a multi-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial” by P Noel Barrett et al. 3 Background 3 Research Purpose 3 Research methods 4 Participants and Study Design 4 Randomization and masking 4 Procedures 4 Results 5 Interpretation/Conclusion 6 Media Articles Discussing the Effectiveness and Safety of the Influenza Vaccine 6 Potential Biases in Media Articles 8 Is the Influenza Vaccine Safe to Use? 9 Is the Influenza Vaccine Effective? 9 Works Cited 10 Peer-Reviewed, Scientific, Primary Research Article. “Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of a vero-cell-culture-derived trivalent influenza vaccine: a multi-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial” by P Noel Barrett et al. Background Knowledge of what sort of protection vaccines does to people is restricted. Because there are constant changes in the...
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...Often we hear parents from all sorts of wake refusing to vaccinate their children because of all the possible side effects and adverse effects the vaccine may give their child. According to Dr. Kathryn J. Horton, author of “Why Parents Aren’t Vaccinating Their Kids, According to New Study,” the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) conducted a survey of more than 600 pediatricians in 2006 and 2013 to estimate the number of parents refusing or delaying their children’s vaccinations. The results showed an increase of at least 9% from 2006 to 2013. Pediatricians reported that parents are simply refusing or delaying vaccinations because they feel like they are unnecessary. One of the pediatricians commented that in the past, parents were scared...
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...Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination — History of Vaccines 6/2/15, 11:02 AM History of Vaccines A VACCINE HISTORY PROJECT OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA Vaccine Science En español History and Society Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination Debunked: The Polio Vaccine and HIV Link Development of the Immunization Schedule Disease Eradication Ethical Issues and Vaccines History of Anti-vaccination Movements Influenza Pandemics Scientific Method in Vaccine History The History of the Lyme Disease Vaccine U.S. Military and Vaccine History Vaccination Exemptions Vaccine Injury Compensation Programs Vaccine Testing & Vulnerable Human Subjects Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination Public opinions about vaccination include varied and deepseated beliefs, a result of the tension between divergent cultural viewpoints and value systems. Several key cultural perspectives on vaccination stem from (1) individual rights and public health stances toward vaccination, (2) various religious standpoints and vaccine objections, and (3) suspicion and mistrust of vaccines among different U.S. and global cultures and communities. Individual versus Public Health Stances Many countries require their citizens to receive certain immunizations. In the United States, state laws dictate mandatory vaccinations, such as those required for children to enter school.[1] Controversies over the efficacy, safety, and morality of compulsory immunization stem...
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...virus, varicella virus, and human herpes 3 virus. All refer to and cause the same thing, chickenpox. VZV virons are spherical and 150-200 nm in diameter (Chickenpox, 2008). Its DNA is single, linear, double-stranded molecule, 125,000 nt long (Chickenpox, 2008). VZV is a lot similar to HSV (herpes simplex virus) but, they aren't equivelent. The reaccurence is called shingles. Chickenpox alike other diseases, can be highly contageous. There was probably over 4 million cases per year in the United States alone ( Black, 2012). Now that there is a vaccination for chickenpox, according to Black (2012), it has now reduced that number over 80%. Before vaccinations, death was never ruled out. About 100 people died each year from chickenpox (CDC, 2011). The first vaccine was used in Japan and Korea in 1988 and became avaliable in the United States in 1995 (CDC, 2011). The vaccination could be given to a certain time after exposure. What the vaccination will do is prevent chickenpox. Some people will still get the chickenpox at a later time but, it wont be as harsh as when people did not recieve the vaccine. There are two vaccines, one in which treats infants from nine months and up which is called Varilrix and the other which treats infants from twelve months and up called Varivax (Varicella, 2015). This virus is known to attack children rather than adults. The disease is most comon in ages 4-10 years (Gillespie, 2007, Bamford, 2007). Only 5% of varicella cases occur in adults; however...
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...and Disease Since time immemorial, one of the main factors affecting human population will be epidemics in the form of infectious and deadly diseases. Throughout history we have heard of many infamous cases of epidemics such as the Black Death throughout Europe, the plague of London in 1592 and Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. In modern history, we are familiar with epidemic such as the current H1N1 swine flu, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and also the Great Plague of Surat in 1994. Despite the advance medical knowledge and technology which we have today, we have been however unable to fully eradicate and eliminate these infectious diseases thoroughly. Rather, we are living with these diseases now and are relying on vaccinations and quarantine methods to control the spread of these diseases. An infectious disease in which we are familiar with, yet lack concrete understanding will be the Chickenpox. In this paper, we will be looking at Chickenpox and how it affects the Hispanic Community in United States. First, we will need to define and explain Chickenpox. Chickenpox is a very contagious disease. It is caused by a virus known as varicella-zoster virus. The virus causes itchy rashes and spots over the body which makes the patient very uncomfortable. Many people believe that we cannot avoid this virus and all children are bound to be infected by this disease at some point in their lives. According to research, Chickenpox is most commonly found in children...
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...HERITAGE ASSESSMENT GRAND CANYON UNVERSITY FAMILY-CENTERED HEALTH PROMOTION NRS-429V-0506 February 13, 2015 HERITAGE ASSESSMENT America having been a very welcoming nation with welcoming people continues to experience immigrants from other parts of the world in search of better living standards and employment opportunities, hence has a high growing population with diverse cultures .This writer is a new immigrant from Africa .For that reason it is important for nurses to learn the health practices from different group of people to familiarize themselves with differing cultures. This writer did a health heritage assessment on two other different families .This heritage assessment tool was very helpful to this writer in getting the important information from them that relates to their customs and beliefs. Amongst Americans, health maintenance entails a set of programs aimed at preventing diseases , maintain function and promote health .Health maintenance is the center of nursing care.(THE FREE DICTIONARY, 2003-2015).Health maintenance programs can be grouped as per ages .Where ,from birth-17years there is a scheduled program of immunizations. There are also screens for chlamydia, yearly for sexually active women starting from 15,HIV screening for ages 15-85 which is voluntary .Health education to avoid alcohol misuse and prevent use of tobacco .For 18-49,they are screened for diabetes ,risk for ,chlamydia in women, pap smear, a set of immunizations . From 50-74...
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...Thimerosal in vaccine also occurring at this time What Got Deer Started: Around the time the Lancet paper was published, a woman in Ireland was compensated for vaccine injury caused to her son. 2003 begins to take a closer look at Wakefield’s claims. Deer’s Findings: The research alleging link between MMR and Autism had been funded from the onset by a group of lawyers. Wakefield was on their payroll for two years prior to the paper being published and before the research began. Wakefield and his cohorts created “the problem” Children enrolled in the study were members of JAB as well as clients and contacts of the lawyers. 1996-97 these parents went to the Royal Free with onset of behavioral problems following MMR vaccination. Wakefield had arranged for specific named children to be brought to that hospital. Wakefield was not in clinical care, he was a lab doctor; made calls to the families of the children asking if the child had bowel issues. To file suite they...
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