Premium Essay

Vaccine History

Submitted By
Words 654
Pages 3
First and foremost, where exactly did the vaccine concept form and originated? As I summarize a brief history of vaccinations from an article written by author Zielinski which begins emphasizing on how it was two long millennia ago when it was recognized by China or India. Then realized people who are infected and suffered from disease expected nothing but death but instead recover. Along with that logic, It wasn't too long until science took notice the only method is to infect oneself with a limited amount of the infectious disease and let's just say hoping the body can become immune to it. As the year's progress, it wasn't until an English physician of the name Edward Jenner who discovers a vaccine based from a particular infection called …show more content…
During my research of exploring the background behind vaccinations which to my knowledge by now most people in the 21st century are familiar with and accepted its training purposes to prepare the human body for the vaccine and the body immunes system is durable that it will become immune to its varies symptoms, function properly and lastly fight off infections. As I look further into my study, almost every online article, journal-entry, and etc. tied along were people’s different perspectives on controversial tension debating whether whose pro-vaccines and …show more content…
First, I collected this secondary data from the author Stephanie Pappas who published her article on the website online for www.livescience.com. When she describes the process by beginning with the vaccine is injected this is when the body is instantly recognized and consider the foreign substance or invader also known as bacteria or virus. Then, Immune cells called macrophages which are a kind of white blood cells also plays the major role in ingesting the substance at the site. Macrophages aren't the only ones who play a role there is the immune molecule called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are split into two types which are known as T Cells and B Cells found in the lymph nodes. Now, the lymphocytes reaction to the injection is by producing antibodies also known as protein molecules. The antibodies function to fight, fight and more fighting to get rid of the bacteria or invader that was injected in the first place. Something else to keep in mind is “According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a healthy individual can produce millions of antibodies a day, fighting infection so efficiently that people never even know they were exposed to an antigen” (Pappas,

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Pros And Cons Of Vaccines

...world. In the present time, these diseases are cured or contained by vaccines. A couple centuries ago, doctor Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine in 1796. He discovered this vaccine by observing his ambiance. Jenner realized that milkmaids (tend to cattle) frequently contracted cowpox, but after they convalesced they were immune to the deadlier disease smallpox. So Jenner said, “Why not infect people with cowpox to confer immunity to the more dangerous disease.” With his research, he got the pus from a milkmaid who had cowpox and put it on a small healthy eight-year-old boys cut. Eventually, the boy was infected with cowpox, how Jenner predicted. When he was done recovering, Jenner took the riskiest step there is. Jenner deliberately injected the smallpox disease into the kid. This was a dangerous step because smallpox resulted in thousands of deaths every year or left the person disfigured. Thankfully, the boy...

Words: 1627 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Policy Analysis- Mandatory Vaccines

...TO: President Barack Obama FROM: Sally Choi RE: Vaccine Mandates Regulation DATE: April 22nd , 2015 Problem Statement: What actions or measures can President Barack Obama take in order to balance the need to protect the public’s health in addressing concerns of citizens who may object to mandatory immunization requirements? Background: In the United States, virtually every state has enacted legislation in which they mandate some level of compulsory vaccinations for its citizens. In order for a child to attend public schools, they must receive all required vaccinations. Throughout history, many have disagreed and opposed vaccinations for various reasons. Many of the citizens do not believe that vaccines mandates to be constitutional. Also, many do not believe the state legislatures have the power to require everyone to receive certain vaccinations and view the authority as a violation of their constitutional rights. Recently, there has been an increase in people who are against to vaccinations as a possible factor to Autism in children. Also, religious beliefs play a role in opposing vaccinations for themselves and their children. These have built anger and opposition to the states mandates of some vaccinations. In 1813, United States Vaccine Agency was established. “The U.S. Congress authorized and James Madison signed ‘An Act to Encourage Vaccination,’ establishing a National Vaccine Agency” (History of Vaccines RSS). This Act was the first push by the United States...

Words: 2388 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Vaccinations: a Practice of Public Safety

...topic of discussion. Vaccines are a safe and effective way to prevent the spread of disease. Although we can attribute the eradication and control of many diseases to vaccinations, there are still many Americans who are refusing to vaccinate their children based on their belief in a few unfounded fears. Most of these fears that the anti vaccine community believes are centered around the health risks involved with the practice of vaccinating. The majority of these fears have been disproven through extensive research. With the continued research and innovations of the leading scientists in vaccines, vaccines will become safer and more readily available to people around the world. Vaccinating is the most effective way to keep the public healthy by preventing and eliminating diseases and by preventing future outbreaks. Before the Scientist Edward Jenner introduced vaccines, it was a common to hear about deaths from diseases such as Smallpox, Rubella, Polio, Measles, Tetanus, and Diphtheria. Once these diseases were introduced into a community, they seemed to spread quickly, taking many victims with them. Today, because of the implementation of vaccines, this is a very uncommon occurrence. Hearing about someone being infected with these diseases is rare, and hearing about a death due to these diseases is even more rare. According to the Center for Disease Control, most of these diseases have decreases by ninety-nine percent in the United States, since the vaccine has been introduced...

Words: 2558 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Vaccinations: Modern History

...Vaccinations: The Greatest Health Development of Modern History Dr. Carl Sagan, a renowned Cornell-educated academic and astronomer, once stated that “Advances in medicine and agriculture have saved vastly more lives than have been lost in all the wars in history” (Sagan 15). Of all the advances in medicine throughout history, nothing is more beneficial and effective in the mission to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, than the vaccine. Diseases previously common to man, such as smallpox, polio, and whooping cough, are now prevented by this miracle of medicine, resulting in countless of human lives being saved. Despite controversial and considerable opposition from numerous anti-vaccine movements, vaccines are widely accepted to be...

Words: 688 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Pros And Cons Of Anti Vaccination

...Anti-vaccination Despite extended benefits demonstrated through immunization programs, parents and vocal groups alike are challenging the administration of inoculations. A history of fraudulent studies introduced the concept of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism, adding fuel to the controversial fire of adverse reactions associated with immunizations. Furthermore, organizations in Maine defend philosophical exemptions in schools as their "personal freedom and parental right", disregarding the "imminent danger to others who can't take the vaccine" (Boston Globe, 2015, para. 4). Within the past two decades, opposition...

Words: 742 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Vaccination vs. Non Vaccination

...would send you into hysterics. Vaccines were something none of us enjoyed while growing up, but if you think about it, who actually enjoys getting a shot. We may have not known the meaning behind these vaccines, but our parents did and they were protecting us from harmful diseases. Diseases that could end up fatal. Something we never had to think about until we became or become parents ourselves. What? You’re going to be parents? Congratulations, that is wonderful! Now you have all these decisions to make, including healthcare. Finally the wonderful day arrives and you may now understand the things that your parents worried about as you were growing up that you never understood. So, now with your newborn you head off to the pediatricians office for his or hers first wellness visit to make sure your baby is healthy. As the doctor starts to speak with you about vaccines for your child, you have all these questions going through your mind. You question side effects, vaccine schedules, and most importantly the rumors of mercury in vaccines. There are four types of vaccines for immunizations. Live attenuated, which includes measles, mumps, rubella (MMR combined), Varicella (Chickenpox), Influenza (nasal spray), and Rotavirus. The inactivated killed vaccines include Polio (IPV), and Hepatitis A. The Toxoid, which is an inactivated toxin, is part of the DTaP combined immunization of Diphtheria and Tetanus. Last there is the Subunit conjugate vaccines which include Hepatitis B, Influenza(injection)...

Words: 1002 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Vaccination Argumentative

...family refuses vaccination that they have waivers certified by the local health department (Erb, 2014). Families continue to battle against mandatory vaccinations regardless of the obstacles put before them. So what is the problem with families not vaccinating? Some would argue that the reason is simple, a child’s immune system is more vulnerable without vaccines. Millions of lives have been saved from life-threatening diseases and death. The consequences that go along with being anti-vaccinations affects more than the person refusing the shot, it affects any person that comes into contact with them. From mumps, to pertussis to the measles, diseases once thought to be eradicated are coming back because people are not being vaccinated as the once were (Roush,...

Words: 892 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Business

...CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY: I certify that the attached paper is my original work and has not previously been submitted by me or anyone else for any class. I further declare I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas, and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, and that any assistance of any kind, which I received while producing this paper, has been acknowledged in the References section. I have obtained written permission from the copyright holder for any trademarked material, logos, or images from the Internet or other sources. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature.   Student's signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature):  _Marie Jean, Carrie Johnson, Paul Gauthier, Mike Waidlich________ Marie Jean WEEK II LEARNING TEAM Find articles that your team feels would give them a balanced view on these issues.  Cite your sources. Summarize the article.  The key question to cover in detail is the following: Tell why you see these as credible sources. Use the following to guide your discussion of “credibility” of your source. To determine credibility, you must “confirm the veracity” of your own research. Specifically, you must evaluate your source materials to make sure the evidence you use is relevant, sound, valid, and objective. Before you decide to use a source, examine the following issues: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Vaccine_Monitoring/Index...

Words: 1118 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Vaccination History

...Vaccines are designed to produce immunity. Viruses in the vaccine cannot reproduce itself or cause diseases because they are made by killing or weakening them. Vaccines are given from the time of infancy. It helps in protecting the body against diseases in the future. Autism Spectrum Disorder, by definition, occurs before age 3 (Miller et al., 2009). It was during the 20th century, it was said that ASD occurred due to the ingredients in the vaccination given to the children. Although, more research and studies have changed the conversation about the effects of vaccines on autism to be more positive based on the history of vaccines, the ingredients in it such as thimerosal, and Wakefield’s fraud study. Starting by talking about the history...

Words: 560 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Protecting Society: One Shot at a Time

...completely preventable and was eliminated from the United States 15 years ago. In order to protect citizens against communicable diseases, it should be mandatory for almost everyone to receive vaccinations. There are two types of immunizations: active and passive. The more common of the two is the active immunization, which stimulates the body’s immune system to fabricate a defense against a disease-causing microorganism (“Immunization” 1). The first recorded active immunization was Edward Jenner’s use of the cowpox virus to produce immunity to smallpox in 1796 (Riedel 5). Currently, any formulation containing a microorganism for the purpose of immunization is referred to as a vaccine. A population is fully protected from a disease when herd immunity has been reached ("Herd Immunity — History of Vaccines." 1). Herd immunity is when those who cannot become vaccinated are indirectly protected by the large, vaccinated percentage...

Words: 1427 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Vaccinations

...law? The anti-vaccine movement created by parent complaints have made many parents and guardians question the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations. I will discuss the history of vaccines, how vaccinations work, the effects of not receiving vaccines, the exemptions of states, as well as a guide to the age a child should receive each vaccination and the vaccine required. History of the vaccine Do you know how long it usually takes for a new vaccine to become available to the public? Scientists and researchers spend many years (10-15) in science laboratories during the first stage of this extensive process. Once this process has been completed, the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. F.D.A.) has a series of trials that are conducted on human volunteers. These series are used to test vaccine efficiency, to determine appropriate dosage, and to monitor adverse side effects. That’s not the end though, after these series of tests, the FDA still monitors the vaccine reactions for many years. The first vaccine was not discovered until 1798 by Edward Jenner and was used for vaccination against the smallpox virus. Later on, over a 100 years, Louis Pasteur proved that a disease could be prevented by infecting a person with the weakened germs. Dr. Pasteur used a vaccine on a boy in 1885 to prevent rabies as the child had been bitten once before by a rabid dog. By the 1900’s, there were two human virus vaccines, smallpox and rabies, and three bacterial vaccines against cholera...

Words: 1084 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Importance of Vaccinations

...attending school. Those shots are called vaccinations and they are important in helping your immune system fight off serious illness and could even prevent diseases. Although vaccines do in fact carry some antigens to the disease, they are weakened so that your bodies immune system can fight off the disease and produce antibodies that will help the body become immune to that type of disease. Like mentioned before, vaccines are very important for the body’s immune system and fighting off diseases. Common diseases like polio, measles, tetanus and haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) can be prevented by getting a vaccination. According to http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines “Children are born with an immune system composed of cells, glands, organs, and fluids located throughout the body. The immune system recognizes germs that enter the body as "foreign invaders” (called antigens) and produces proteins called antibodies to fight them.” The sooner you get the vaccine, the better that way your body will be able to fight off the disease because of the immunity created by the vaccination you received. The body may not be strong enough to fight the disease. Before vaccines, many children died from diseases that vaccines now prevent, such as whooping cough, measles, and polio.” Now that we have developed the vaccines we have saved lives of many. Even after years of getting the vaccinations, our body will still produce the antibodies faster so that you don’t have to encounter the disease...

Words: 1111 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Why Do Germs Cause Disease?

...He was furious, and took it out on his assistant, Emile Roux, saying that he had prepared the vaccine wrong. Pasteur was going to make Roux go and face the public humiliation alone, but later that day, Pasteur received word that the sheep were recovering, so he decided he would attend the meeting. When Pasteur and his assistant arrived at the train station the next morning, they were met with loud cheers, telling them that their vaccine had been successful. By 2:00 that day, 23 of the unvaccinated sheep were dead, by 3:00 the 24th sheep died, and by 4:00 the 25th sheep died; all of the vaccinated sheep were healthy and well. Pasteur’s anthrax vaccine was the first effective protection in human history against infectious diseases. It also provided proof of his theory that germs cause diseases. Pasteur’s creation of the anthrax vaccine opened the door to fighting all sorts of infectious diseases including smallpox, tuberculosis, cholera, etc. Because Pasteur questioned why women were dying during childbirth, decided it was due to germs on the doctor’s hands, and figured out a way to create vaccinations, it is now possible to be vaccinated against infectious diseases, saving millions of lives every...

Words: 447 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Jenner's Cowpox Vaccine

...Despite evidence of vaccine research in ancient manuscripts, it has not been until the past few centuries that vaccines have truly flourished, undoubtedly revolutionizing health on a global scale. This glory, however was not an easy feat. Initially vaccines faced much criticism as people were clouded with fear of the unknown. Cartoonist James Gilray sketched a powerful cartoon in 1802 which portrayed this sentiment. His cartoon depicted a room full of mutilated people with snouts for noses, hooves instead of hands and their long and flaccid ears. In short, these people were turning into cows. Also illustrated in the center of Gilray’s cartoon was a doctor holding a syringe and gazing into the distance: Edward Jenner. People felt that vaccines were so absurd and dangerous that they were capable of transmute a human being. Jenner’s cowpox vaccine eventually permitted the elimination of smallpox off the face of the earth. In modern day, this ignorant fear seems rather amusing hence in most parts of the world, we have become accustomed to the method and reason of science. Although we do not possess the fear that a vaccine can turn people into cows, we do possess another fear: the fear of...

Words: 1196 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Edward Jenner's Theory Of Vaccination

...Professor MacDougall started the lecture with the discussion of why one studies history, stating disease is a universal experience, and transcend race, gender, and class. She expressed how smallpox is part of the Orthopox family, with a variola major virus which is more deadly than the variola minor virus. There were many attempts at vaccination, once incident where they would extract the puss from one victim, and insert into a healthy person for them to become immune. However, all this would do is spread the disease further. Then Edward Jenner tested his theory of injecting cow pox into a volunteer. This vaccination proved to be effective. In 1948, with the creation of the World Health Organization people believed it was time to eradicate...

Words: 797 - Pages: 4