Value Stream Mapping
Prof. N.Raghavan

Value Stream Mapping (VSM)
Definitions

• Value: What the Client wants from the process
• Value stream: Includes all the processes and activities used to design, produce and deliver the product or service to the Client. --- All the steps
– both value added and non value added – required to take a product or service from its raw materials state into the waiting arms of a happy customer. • Value Stream Map: Special type of flow chart that uses symbols from the “Language of Lean” to depict and improve the flow of inventory and information. Typ. VSM

Value Stream
• “Whenever there is a product for a customer, there is a value stream. The challenge lies in seeing it.” -Learning to See, Lean Enterprise
Institute

VSM

• Value stream mapping is a lean manufacturing technique used to analyze and design the flow of materials and information required to bring a product or service to a consumer.
• VSM is a technique for identifying value-adding activities and eliminating nonvalue adding activities to optimise processes
• Activities are generally divided into three categories:
– (1) non-value adding (NVA);
– (2) necessary but non-value adding (NNVA); and
– (3) value-adding (VA).
• In a formal sense, two depictions of the status are made:
– Current state of VSM (CVSM)
– Future state of VSM (FVSM)
• Each scenario is depicted pictorially using standard symbols
• We have to work on moving from CVSM to FVSM

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Value Stream Mapping Steps

Procedure for VSM
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Identify the Product Family
Create the Current state value stream map
Create the Future state value stream map
Create an Action Plan

Create Current State VSM
• As the name implies we are interested in how things look today. We are not interested in how things “should” look or were “designed” to look. We want to draw reality onto a piece of paper.
• The piece of paper is a key point and a computer should not be used straightaway!
• A stopwatch, oversized piece of paper, pencil, and good eraser are all that is needed at this point. Create a Future State Value Stream
Map
• Now that we have a better understanding of the current state of affairs, we are ready to draw a picture of how we would like things to look in the future.
• Typically, as an example, we aim to make things flow and reduce the amount of inventory or waiting in between steps.
• It’s at this point that we can create an ideal work process.

Create an Action Plan
• Now that we know how things are working today and how we would like to see them working in the future it’s time to form a plan.
• There are a variety of templates available for this. We should know exactly what needs to happen and when it needs to happen.
• In short, we form the plan… then execute the plan! •

VSM procedures

For making the improvements, some examples:
– Use Work (Time, Motion, ..) studies to identify NVAs & eliminate them
– Modularisation / Standardisation
– Design changes to improve Constructability
– Off-site fabrication and assembly
– Reducing Batch size – E.g., going in for multiple smaller batching plants in the site to enhance flexibility in delivery of concrete mix.
– Bringing closely interconnected operations (E.g. Formwork, reinforcement and concreting) under supervision of one agency
– Implementing pull system through Kanban Cards (E.g. Block work, formwork etc) for better control on inventory management at the central storage yard, smooth logistics within site and for avoiding cluttering at the execution spot.
– Plan for continuous flow between the crews of various trades, one following the other with proper sequencing and after analyzing spatial constraints instead of allowing one crew to complete its job as a batch and then hand over to the next crew (same advantages of batch size reduction will accrue)
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VSM symbols

(These are not standardised!)

VSM Symbols

VSM Symbols

VSM symbols

VSM – Current State

VSM – Future state

Future State Questions

Steps in drawing up VSM