...Melanie Pescud, Tammy Knox, Carly Malpass, Kellie Cue ?? ‘Infertility is estimated to affect more than 80 million people worldwide, and while developments in reproductive technologies have evolved rapidly, so have the ethical, social and political controversies which surround nearly all aspects of their use’ (Vayena et al, 1997) People have accepted the practice of various forms of fertility treatment for thousands of years. Despite this, controversy surrounds these new reproductive technologies because they challenge the traditional understanding of the relationship between sex and procreation. Consequentially, this also has the potential to challenge the structure of linage and kinship networks. This report will investigate the reported and perceived social implications of some commonly used reproductive technologies currently used today; including contraception, in-vitro fertilisation, gamete intra-fallopian transfer, intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, gamete donation and abortion. Equality of Access Reproductive technologies have had a significant impact to the lives of many infertile and sub-fertile couples around the world. However, due to the high financial costs of these procedures, the access to these technologies is largely limited to Western society; particularly middle to high income earners. Consequentially, developing countries whom have the highest rates of infertility, have limited access to these technologies. The use...
Words: 4054 - Pages: 17
...Women benefit tremendously when taking the pill because it prevents against frequent types of infertility. "The most frequent types of infertility are endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and uterine fibroids (Dickey 2)." The main cause for infertility is endometriosis. The Mayo Clinic defines this as "a painful disorder in which tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside of the uterus." The tissue just acts as it normally would by menstruating every month or so. As time goes on the tissue gets trapped and does not know how to exit the body. The women may notice this more during her menstrual cycle. Most women describe the pain as menstrual cramps times ten. Another problem women have with lower abdominal pain...
Words: 353 - Pages: 2
...Page Title The Importance of the Infertility Consultation Meta Description Get started with your fertility journey. Jane Miller MD explains the importance of the infertility consultation. Meta Title The Infertility Consultation – North Hudson IVF Comments Live Date (AMY) URL (AMY) The Importance of the Infertility Consultation Begin the fertility treatment process with an infertility consultation The infertility consultation is a dialogue between patient and physician that is the starting point for fertility testing and treatment. To help hopeful parents prepare, fertility doctor Jane Miller MD tells all patients that the consultation will take between one and two hours. A look at the infertility consultation The infertility consultation...
Words: 400 - Pages: 2
...ATTITUDE AND INFERTILITY Infertility can have a serious impact on both the psychological well-being and the social status of women in the developing world. As a result of their infertile status, they suffer physical and mental abuse, neglect, abandonment, economic deprivation and social ostracism as well as exclusion from certain social activities and traditional ceremonies. This becomes particularly traumatic with previous pregnancies that end in abortions, stillbirths and neonatal/infant deaths or in live births of daughters only. A survey conducted in Southern Ghana revealed that the majority (64%) of women felt stigmatized, and that higher levels of perceived stigma were associated with increased infertility-related stress as well as lower levels of education, (Donkor and Sandall J., 2007). Insufficient family income, poor quality of life, life stress, and discontentment with daily routines as well as ‘bad’ relationships with family members (husband, mother- and father-in-law) are significant correlates of female infertility. Infertile women are more likely to underestimate the importance of sexual intimacy, and have a negative attitude towards sex, (Schmidt, 2010). Female infertility is associated with various social correlates leading to higher remarriage rates and to further complicating the problem of infertility. Thus, a correction of women’s basic attitudes and their relationships to their surrounding social habitat should be an essential component of any program...
Words: 6900 - Pages: 28
...due to infertility: reasons, severity, comparison. Khrystyna Bilyk Experimental Psychological Methods Section KL CCNY 2016 Every year the world has seen an increase in the number of couples faced with infertility, while there is a decrease in the age these of married couple. In many cases, infertility is supported by psycho-emotional disorders. The repetitive thoughts about trying to get pregnant can make psycho-emotional health of couple suffer. Some couples continue to fight for being parent, some of them give up, but all feel equally bad. Thus, there is a circle mechanism: on the one hand, the fact of infertility contributes to a negative emotional state, on the other hand, a destructive psycho-emotional state leads to physical problems and infertility. The ability not to have baby in the family is one of the most serious chronic stressful situations for spouses. Depression and infertility are companions. The impact of psychological state due to infertility treatment result is recognized by almost all researchers. Depression due to infertility are not only harmful to psycho-emotional state of couple, but also is very dangerous to physical ability to have children. P. P. Verbovyi, Comparative Evaluation of Psycho-emotion State of Married Couple. In this article the author dives comparative description of the depression in women and men due to infertility. The clinical and psychopathological observation and examination of 90 couple who suffers infertility problems...
Words: 1956 - Pages: 8
...affected with the difficulties of infertility. Men and women have different coping methods when it comes to being unable to conceive a child. Situations of coping can change whether it is the woman or the man who is infertile. Women used proportionately greater amounts of confrontation coping, accepting responsibility, seeking social support and escape/avoidance. Men used proportionately greater amounts of distancing, self-controlling and problem-solving (Masoumi, 2014; Jafarzaden, 2015). Different coping styles for men and women occur through every life stressor. There are not only different coping styles between genders, but coping styles also differ based on the individual person (Masoumi, 2014; Jafarzaden, 2015). Men are more likely to use a “fight or flight” response, while women are more likely to use a “tend and befriend” response (Masoumi, 2014). A common response to stress for men includes keeping busy or engulf oneself in work. By using other distractions, the emotions can be dealt with by literally distancing themselves from the problem (Glover, 2009). Men will also see infertility as a problem that they need to fix, however this can be detrimental for a relationship, because often times, it is not something that can be fixed. Women, however, are more likely to express their emotions verbally and...
Words: 1272 - Pages: 6
...Page Title Father’s Day and Infertility Meta Description Father’s Day can be emotional for hopeful parents. The team at our DFW fertility center offers tips for surviving Father’s Day and infertility. Meta Title Father’s Day and Infertility – DFW Fertility Center Comments Live Date (AMY) URL (AMY) Father’s Day and Infertility Tips for surviving for Father’s Day and infertility The team at our DFW fertility center knows that Father’s Day can be emotional for hopeful parents. Men are too often forgotten when a couple is struggling with infertility, but they have face the same desire for children and heartbreak when they receive a diagnosis of infertility. The weight of infertility can be especially heavy for men during Father’s Day – a...
Words: 524 - Pages: 3
...ORIGINAL ARTICLE JK-PRACTITIONER Abstract: The study was carried out on 88 patients of infertility irrespective of duration, type or cause. The patients were seen in the OPD of Obstetrics Hospital at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar (SKIMS). A detailed history was taken and routine examination was done. All expensive and invasive investigations were deferred and patients were put on 5mg of folic acid and 100mg of Vitamin B6 daily. It was found that 62 patients (70.45%) conceived within 4 months of treatment. Conception rate was more in primary infertility cases (76.39%), than in Secondary infertility cases (43.75%). Likewise conception rate was more in younger age group with marital life of 2-3 years. Key Words: Infertility, Primary infertility, Secondary infertility, Folic acid, Vitamin B6. JK-Practitioner 2002; 9(4): 242-243 Inability of a couple to conceive after one year of unprotected coitus with adequate coital frequency is labelled as infertility. It is a common cause for consultation with both the general practitioner and specialist affecting one in six couples. 80-90% of fertile couples will achieve a pregnancy within one year of trying and 95% within 2 years. Aetiology is usually multifactorial and varies with the duration of infertility. Aetiology at an early stage includes unexplained infertility (3 0%) (really delayed normal fertility); male factors (25%) (single most common defined cause); ovulatory failure (20%); tubal damage...
Words: 285 - Pages: 2
...GENETIC ENGINEERING 1 Genetic engineering and the possibility of designer babies Cynthrea Bright International Management Dr. Matthew Ademola November 27, 2012 Introduction Shannon Brownlee is the acting director of the New America Health Policy Program and is also a nationally known writer and essayist. In March of 2002 she wrote an article for the Washington Monthly called Designer Babies. Brownlee explains the birth of cytoplasmic transfer in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) process and the technical advances from this process that is making designer babies possible. Summary How is the creation of designer babies even possible? Well the process began with the creation of IVF and then in the 1990s embryologist Jacques Cohen created the process called cytoplasmic transfer. This process gave women who did not have success with normal IVF hope by placing cytoplasm from a fertile egg into the infertile women’s eggs. The first baby born from this process was in 1997 and at first was deemed a huge success and advancement in technology. Then 4 years later Cohen admitted to adding mitochondrial DNA to the embryo what in essence gave the child three parents, the mother, father and the mitochondrial DNA donor. This was the first form of human genetic modification and the long term ramifications are still unknown. One of the children born with the mitochondrial DNA has developed a mild form of autism but it has not been determined if it is because of the...
Words: 1257 - Pages: 6
...What is infertility and what are the causes? The Center for Disease Control (CDC) defines infertility as not conceiving a child after having unprotected sex for a year. For various reasons many people are unaware of the causes and risks of infertility. However, this is an important social issue that should receive more awareness because this means that there are less people procreating, which may lead to a smaller global population. In this paper I will be addressing who is affected by infertility, the causes as well as risks and treatments. Women’s health.gov (OWH) (n.d.) states that according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), about 10% of women (6.1 million) between the ages of 15-44 have difficulty becoming or staying pregnant....
Words: 963 - Pages: 4
...Dealing with infertility can be a stressful, emotional experience, particularly if your friends or relatives have no trouble getting pregnant. Celia Dominguez, M.D., co-director of Pacific In Vitro Fertilization Institute understands the pain infertile couples experience. She and her colleagues at the Honolulu, HI, fertility treatment center use the latest techniques and innovations to improve fertility. During the past 31, years, the Hawaiian fertility doctors assisted in 4,600 successful pregnancies. Finding a doctor with significant experience in the field of infertility is a priority. Dr. Dominguez has an impressive background in reproductive medicine. After receiving her medical degree from George Washington University in Washington,...
Words: 343 - Pages: 2
...factors that may be out of your control. Infertility refers to the inability to conceive a child naturally. About 10% of women (6.1 million) that range in the ages of 15-44 have fertility issues. But infertility isn’t just a woman’s problem. One-third of all infertility issues are due to issues with the man. One of those is called Azoospermia. In a normal male, the testicles in the scrotum produce sperm that flows through the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal ducts. Sperm mixes with fluid in the seminal ducts to form semen. Azoospermia is a condition where there are no sperm in the semen. Non-obstructive Azoospermia refers to abnormal sperm production and obstructive Azoospermia refers to normal sperm production with some sort of obstruction. Many years ago there wasn’t much hope for those with non-obstructive Azoospermia as it was thought they would never be able to conceive a child. Luckily with advancements in testing and diagnostic procedures it is now known that there is an equal chance of the capability of both non-obstructive and obstructive Azoospermia men to conceive child through IVF treatments. What is the treatment for Azoospermia? Is there hope for those men with Azoospermia? Does the diagnosis of Azoospermia rule out the chances of ever conceiving a child? Although diagnostic testing, treatment, surgery, and ultimately IVF may be emotionally and financially draining, the outlook for men with infertility problems is increasingly looking better. ...
Words: 3322 - Pages: 14
...Cynthia Woodard Module 1 Case Assignment Dr. Gayl M. Anglin, Ph.D. MPH 503: Infertility and Public Health 12 August 2013 1. What is the prevalence of infertility in the U.S.? (Your response should address both male and female factor infertility.) 2. What are the demographic characteristics (i.e., age, educational attainment, poverty status, race/ethnicity, etc.) of women with impaired fecundity? 3. What are the demographic characteristics of women receiving infertility treatment? 4. To what extent is there a gap between those in need of infertility treatment and those who actually receive it? If a gap indeed exists, to what factors does the scholarly literature attribute this discrepancy? 5. What are three common causes of infertility among women? Please explain each. 6. What are three common causes of infertility among men? Please explain each. Introduction Throughout this research, information about infertility within the United States will be addressed. Characteristics and other background aspects will provide us with in-depth information in order to be more familiar with the way people accept and deal with infertility within their family and community. Prevalence of infertility in the U.S. The prevalence of infertility is normally the cumulative sum of people who have encountered and managing issues with infertility the past year or longer. Within the United States, infertility equally affects women and men. The state of being unable to produce offspring...
Words: 950 - Pages: 4
...INTRODUCTION TO INFERTILITY Not everyone has the goal of becoming a parent, but for those who do, being unable to conceive a child is an exquisitely painful reality. Many of us spend a portion of our lives attempting to avoid unplanned pregnancies, and assume that once we are ready to conceive, it will happen with little difficulty. We tend to think that shifting gears from preventing pregnancy to planning conception and childbirth will proceed in a relatively smooth and orderly fashion. A failure to conceive, then, is a major life stressor, which can wreak havoc on otherwise well-adjusted couples. Even in today's society, we tend to assume that individuals in committed relationships have the goal of procreation. Women are often identified with their ability to give birth. Both men and women are supposed to pass on their genetic and generational legacies. Failure by either party to "fulfil their end of the bargain" can be devastating, humiliating, and emotionally destructive. The continuing taboo against discussing the subject of infertility compounds these reactions. Even though tremendous strides have been made in treating this relatively common condition, infertility is typically not openly discussed. Infertility is typically defined as the inability to become pregnant after one year of sexual intercourse without contraception. For women over age 35, this condition is diagnosed after 6 months of an inability to conceive. Using this threshold, there will be women, albeit...
Words: 1656 - Pages: 7
...Infertility is a condition of the reproductive system that prevents the conception of children. It affects approximately 10-15% of couples throughout the United States. “The diagnosis of infertility is usually given to couples who have been attempting to conceive for at least one year without success” (American Pregnancy Association). Conception and pregnancy are complicated processes that depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to: healthy sperm production, healthy egg production, unblocked fallopian tubes that allow the sperm to reach the egg, and/or sufficient embryo quality. In order for the pregnancy to progress to full term, the embryo must be healthy and the woman’s hormonal environment must be adequate for the development...
Words: 609 - Pages: 3
