...Victims and Crime Evaluation paper Juan Martinez CJA/354 Criminal Law November 6, 2013 Alin Sahagian Victims and Crime Evaluation paper There are many different roles that take place in the criminal justice system some of those roles from the prosecutor, defense attorney, the criminal and of course the victim. The prosecutor presents the case against an offender to the court on behalf of the state. The prosecutor has a duty to tell the court about all the circumstances of the case and the facts of the offence. He will stand in front of the court and present to the judge explanations of harm committed to any victim of an offence. He provides the court with assistance on the sentencing range, and then he will identify relevant case laws and legislations that may apply to the case. The prosecutor can make submissions on an appropriate sentence and try to do everything reasonable to ensure the court is acting only on truthful information, and to protect the judge from making an error in sentencing that could lead to an appeal. Defense Attorney are there to perform an important role in the criminal justice system which is to ensure that their clients accused of a crime receive due process of law and enjoy every possible benefit from their talent that justice allows. The key participant to a defense attorney is the public morality that plays an essential characteristic of the criminal trial. The natures of the role require defense attorneys to perform a number of sometimes...
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...Victims’ Rights Jessie Turner, Jr. CJA 394 January 19, 2016 Kristi Garcia Introduction Victims’ Rights in America are a significant entitlement for people who become victims of wrongdoing. In this paper victims’ rights of Louisiana will be the topic of discussion in identifying the existence of victim rights laws within the state. The discussion will also talk about the impact of victims’ rights laws on state criminal proceedings. The last discussion for this paper will compare and contrast Louisiana victims’ rights laws to those in the federal criminal justice system. The ultimate take away from this paper will be the significant improvements toward victims’ needs. Victims’ Rights Since the implementation of victims’ rights laws there has been major improvements toward the needs of victims overall. In the beginning the focus was on the rights for individuals who had access to resources to fight being a victim. Today the rights center on all victims no matter the background, to ensure they are heard and not ignored. The rigths have also made very important movements to ensure that victims’ rights aren’t violated eliminated the notion that victims don’t matter. This is one reason why we have federal and state laws enforcing the need to help victims of wrongdoing. The 2004 Crime Victims’ Right Act (CRVA) has been successful in various ways of an established set of rights known as standing. Those rights were known as the third wave of enforcing victims’ rights in federal...
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...Abstract This paper will provide a definition and history of victimology as well as give examples of real life victims. Second, this paper will discuss how victimology is different from criminology, sociology and psychology. This paper will also discuss hate crimes, the first safe house for battered women, children’s rights groups. Finally, this paper will also discuss organizations that provide advocacy for victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse and homicides. Introduction to Victimology Victimology is the study of victims of crime and the interactions between the victim and the perpetrator (victimology, 2006). Victimology is to investigate the victims role in the commission of crimes and sometimes the psychological effect those crimes have on the victims (victimology, 2007). Today’s criminal justice system is a fairly new appearance, in the middle ages victims themselves were responsible for dealing with criminals on their own as there were no authorities to enforce the law. Murder has always been unacceptable behavior, but it was always up to the victims or their survivors to determine the course of action to be taken against the person committing the crime. In 2200 B.C.E. was when Law of Moses, the Code of Hammurabi and Roman law all consisted of elements to individual responsibility for harms committed against others (Doerner & Lab, 2008). It was until the 1940’s that the criminal justice system decided to not only focus their time in...
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...Americans, they are often misperceived as a monolithic group. Thus, even though an act of anti-Asian sentiment might be perpetrated with a particular ethnic group in mind (e.g., Indian, Filipino or Korean), a failure to make distinctions between Asian Pacific American ethnic groups causes members of all groups to become potential victims of hate crimes. Hate incidents are expressions of hostility based on race, religion, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation or disability. Hate incidents are not illegal. They may take the form of name-calling or using racial slurs, hate speech, the distribution of racist leaflets or other disrespectful behavior. Hate crimes are defined by federal or state statutes. A hate crime occurs when a person commits an act such as assault, battery, criminal damage to property, criminal trespass to property or mob action because of the victim's real or perceived race, religion, nationality, gender, sexual orientation or disability. Hate crime laws vary from state to state. Hate crimes are another type of abuse, and one which can occur anywhere and anytime. In the United States today, the most commonly publicized hate crimes are those perpetrated on particular ethnic groups (such as persons of Middle Eastern descent, or...
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...Crime Comparison Paper Christopher Shavers CJA 314 October 3, 2012 Michael Rutledge, Facilitator Crime Comparison Paper Introduction Hate crimes within the United States have become increasingly rampant. The federal government has established hate crime laws in each state except Wyoming. Each state has different definitions of what constitutes hate crimes. The most commonly known hate crimes consist of race, ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. Most of these crimes are committed by assailants who physically assault their victims. Many victims are also subject to have their property vandalized. (Nij, 2010). This paper will compare hate crime data from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report on hate crimes that have been committed in Florida and Georgia during 2010. According to the FBI Uniform crime report, Gainesville Florida had the largest number of reported incidents out of the all the state enforcement agencies during the year 2010. There were a total of 136 incidents reported in the state of Florida. In Georgia seven law enforcement agencies submitted incidents totaling seventeen crimes. Gainesville Florida had a total of eleven incidents of hate crimes. The crimes were motivated by race, religion, and sexual orientation. Three of the incidents were motivated by race, four was motivated by religion, and two each was motivated by sexual orientation and ethnicity. The most occurrences of hate crimes occurred during the second quarter of the fiscal...
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...CRJ 105 Crime and Criminal Behavior November 1 , 2014 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss when a criminal attacks a victim whether it may be physical or not it can cause harm to the victim in different ways. Many situations can lead to a person becoming a victim of a crime and this paper will discuss some theories of victimization. Also, there researched can be used to obtain data on crimes that were not reported to law enforcement from victims. 1. Introduction Over the past several decades the tendency was to blame the victim when it came to the psychology and the dynamics of victimhood. Although, in past years blaming the victim was common, more recently this has changed. It is politically incorrect to exploit the role of victims in instances of crime cases. No matter what the circumstances or the case the victim does not deserve to be blamed for their own victimization. Many may feel that due to their particular lifestyle or where the victim may live precipitates causes for someone to become victimized. In many instances it has been thought that the victim’s behavior precipitates why they may be victimized. They are said to put these criminal acts in motion by exhibiting provocative or risky behavior. This may include picking arguments or even possibly using other gestures. (Miethe, 1993) Even though victims should not be blames for their own victimization, criminologist have come up with many theories as to why victims may play...
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...Victims and Crime Evaluation Paper Victims and Crime Evaluation Paper This paper will describe roles and functions of individuals in the criminal justice system and how victimization affects each role. The roles that will be discussed are prosecutor, defense attorney, criminal, and the victim. Then discuss the goals of sentencing associated with each role and alternative sanctions. Finally, identify any recommendations that regarding victims’ rights. The criminal justice system protects individuals and their property from harm. It allows governments to collect taxes and provides a peaceful way for individuals and institutions to resolve conflicts. The criminal justice system also punishes offenders and attempts to rehabilitate them. A prosecutor is responsible for representing legal actions in criminal proceedings. The prosecutor works for the state and the local community regarding complaints against criminal defendants. The prosecutor must convince the jury that the evidence being presented is enough to find the defendant guilty of the crimes he or she has committed. Prosecutors are searching to give the guilty a ruthless sentence that they try to find the defendant guilty after the evidence is presented to the courts and are able to drop or reduce charges during the case (Prosecutor, 2012). A defense attorney is an attorney that the defendant can hire to represent them in a criminal preceding or a lawsuit. They represent the defendant in his or her interest. What...
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...INTRODUCTION The principal aim of this paper is to trace and analyze the development of victimology. Firstly this paper will be concerned with defining the concept of victimology and the concept of victim before explaining the origins of the study of victimology. Furthermore, this paper will explain and evaluate the development of victimology as a field of study, in a broad sense this paper aims to acknowledge where the field of victimology originated and how it has developed and in addition this paper involves a general overview of the victim’s role in various systems of justice throughout history. Defining the concept “victimology” Defining the concept victimology is tricky because different people define victiomology in different ways, there is no universally accepted definition of victiomology, however for the purpose of this paper one broad definition of victimology will be used but not necessarily meaning that this paper does not acknowledge that other definitions do exist. Victimology refers generally to the scientific study of victims and victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders, investigators, courts, corrections, media, and social movements ( Karmen 1990 ). Defining the concept “victim” The origin of victimology The origin of victimology can be traced back to several articles, books, and research projects initiated by criminologists during the 1940s and 1950s. According to Walklate (2007) victimology's roots are often attributed...
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...Hate Crimes in American Society in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries Sample Student Research Paper Project of Sociology Table of Contents I. Thesis Statement…………………………………………….………….....Page 4 II. Introduction and Summary………………………………….………….....Page 4 III. Literature Review………………………………………………………....Page 6 IV. Methods………………………………………………………….......….. Page 16 V. Socio-Historical Analysis………………………………………………. .Page 18 A. 20th Century 1. Lynching 2. Ku Klux Klan 3. Rodney King and the Los Angeles Riots 4. Matthew Shepard B. 21st Century 1. Post 9/11 2. Jena Six VI. Cause and Effect Analysis…………………………………………… ....Page 24 A. Causes 1. Prejudice a. Stereotypes b. Scapegoats c. Presence of Hate in American Culture d. Need for Status and Power 2. Reasons for Crime a. Sending a Message b. Thrill Seeking c. Defensive B. Effects 1. Psychological Trauma 2. Undo Social Progress 3. Community Unrest 4. Threat of Retaliation VII. Descriptive Analysis……………………………………………….........Page 30 A. Description of Victims 1. Bias against a Particular Race 2. Bias against a Particular Religion 3. Bias against a Particular Sexual Orientation 4. Bias against a Particular Ethnicity/National Origin 5. Bias against a Disability B. Description of Offenses and Offenders This must be your new section? VIII. Comparative Analysis…………………………………………………. Page 36 A. United States Justice Department Definition of Hate Crime B. International Justice...
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...12/3/15 Question 1 The first stage of the criminal investigation process is crime detection. First responding officers must take notes, watch persons leaving/entering crime scene area, scan, assess and reassess for officer’s safety. Officers need to address medical care issue to the people that need it. They must control, identify, and secure initial interviews. They must establish crime scene boundaries. Officers must identify and preserve crime scene evidence like the groceries, handwritten note, phone, bloody shoe print, shoe print in the dirt, fingerprints on the woman, gun bullet, and fingerprints on the purse like in the sample crime scene. Officers would most likely be doing different things at different crimes scenes. They must notify and brief investigators on what happened; and they must review and prepare final documentation. The second stage of the criminal investigation process is the preliminary investigation. Investigators need to: establish a division of labor, obtain information from first responders, interview key individuals like witnesses, conduct a reassessment of the crime scene, canvass the crime scene area, examine the crime scene and process the crime scene. Investigators must also photograph the crime scene, sketch the crime scene, measure the crime scene, search the crime scene, and do a final walk through and release the crime scene for evidence pertaining to the crime scene. The third stage of the criminal investigation process is the follow-up...
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...Crime Reporting and Victimization Paper Christian Viejo CJS/239 September 12th, 2012 Bob Young Crime Reporting and Victimization Paper Imagine living in a world where there is nothing that is tracked. We would have no way of knowing our history as we do now and will only have what someone makes up. In order to know our history and the history around, it is important to take notes and keep a record of all events. The same goes for keeping track of other items such as crimes. It is important to keep track of this information so that we can pick up and trends that may be caught on and help prevent the crimes in the future. In order to keep track of this information, there are certain tools that help keep track of it. We will discuss those tools and the differences of them. We will also discuss the impact of victimization and how the data can help prevent crimes against someone in the future. Common Sources of Crime Reporting Data According to the “National Institute of Justice” (2009), there are two major reports that are used to collect data on crimes within our country. The first of these reports is called the Uniform Crime Reports, also known as UCR. The second of these is called the National Incident-Based Reporting System. Someone may ask why there are two different sources being used and the answer is simple. Each report although collects similar information, collect different information and is used by different agencies. The Uniform Crime...
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...1 Crime Measurement In The United States JimmyVazquez CJA/204 - INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE June 30,2014 Instructor:LYLE MARTIN In this paper you will read about what type of instruments are being used to measure crime in the United States, including the nation’s top two major crime programs and the purpose of these programs. I will also explain what are crime rates, arrest rates, clearance rates, recidivism rate and how these rates can be deceiving, and briefly touching on the relation between crime rate and arrest rates, and how to improve the correlation between crime rates and arrest rates and concluding this paper with a solution in effort to combating criminal activity. The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) where the first instrumental programs used to gather information on violent crimes and began publishing information for the UCR Program in 1929. Two years later in 1930s till present day the FBI has been collecting information on the following crimes murder, and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated-assault, arsenate theft, Motor vehicle theft, robbery, and arson. Law enforcement agencies report arrest data for 21 additional crime categories. UCR in annual FBI publication that summarizes the incidents and rate of reported crimes in the US. Law enforcement agency voluntary Report crimes statistics on a monthly basis to the FBI. Another source used to measure crime in the United States is he national crime victimization...
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...Evidence Tracking Properly handling evidence is critical to crime solving, improper deviations to the handling can make it impossible to prosecute using the evidence collected. This paper will outline will track the evidence from a chosen crime scene through all the proper handling processes. This paper will describe the chosen crime scene scenario, describe the collected evidence and proper collection, recording of the evidence, chain of evidence, processing, interpretation methods, preservation of the evidence, proper presentation methods for different types of evidence, and the consequences of mishandling the evidence collected. The Crime and Processing Protocols The chosen crime scene scenario is a sexual assault; the first responding officer will have been notified of a possible rape and traveled to an apartment complex at 306 Timber Road, Apartment 12-B to investigate. Upon arrival, the first crime scene procedure is to make sure the crime scene is safe and the possible offender has been arrested or is no longer on the scene. If the struggle were still occurring, this would be the point to render aid. The next procedure would be to determine the extent of the crime and to secure the scene from intrusion to preserve any evidence. It is important for the responding officer to keep their superiors informed of their activities. At this point the responding officer will touch nothing and document all of their observations and actions, if the scene had been disturbed in any...
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...news daily about crimes and police officers doing their jobs, but those who cares about the situations that goes on in those crimes. It is not repulsively to rewind those crimes and see who was in the wrong first. For those who mistakenly blame the officers for killing those that had attacked them first are unacceptable to understand the situation. Not often do people see officers killing people for no reason; there is always a reason behind every crime of why an officer must have killed that person in the crime scene. It could be that the victim chose to attack the officer first and attempt to kill them; or maybe the victim had a mental issue to think killing the officer will be satisfying to them. The answer remains unknown for every crime scene that happens to deal with this “brutality” that people speak of. Clearly,...
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...CRJ 320 WK 6 FIELD REPORT CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/crj-320-wk-6-field-report-crime-scene-investigation/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM CRJ 320 WK 6 FIELD REPORT CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION CRJ 320 WK 6 Field Report Crime Scene Investigation - Murder Kicks Refer to the scenario Crime Scene Investigation – Murder Kicks, The Death of a Soccer Star, located in the online course shell. Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you: 1. Analyze the victim and physical evidence of the body as shown in the photograph. 2. Analyze the physical elements shown in the photographs of the inside of the house, noting how these elements connect to the crime. 3. Analyze the physical evidence from photographs of the exterior of the house, noting what might be the escape route. 4. Analyze the photo taken by a neighbor of a truck the week prior to the crime. 5. Propose a list of evidence that should be preserved and provide a rationale for each item on the list. 6. Propose a chain of preservation for the evidence. CRJ 320 WK 6 FIELD REPORT CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/crj-320-wk-6-field-report-crime-scene-investigation/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM CRJ 320 WK 6 FIELD REPORT CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION CRJ 320 WK 6 Field Report Crime Scene Investigation - Murder Kicks Refer to the scenario Crime Scene Investigation – Murder...
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