...In South Africa there is a lot of prison violence going on. Violence in terms of deaths due to unnatural causes such as murders, suicides and accidents. (CSPRI, 2017) It is due to different causes. The main cause is overcrowding in combination with bad living circumstances and lack of staff. It is a big problem because it is difficult to control a prison without enough wardens. For example the Pollsmoor Prison, with its extreme overcrowding which leads to irritations and violence. The prison population is growing and so does the budget. Put in extra wardens is an issue for the government. In South Africa a lot of prisoners have to deal with assaults, rape and even being killed by prison officials or fellow prisoners. The state has to ensure safety of the prisoners, according to the law of human rights. Despite this, violence is still a part of prison life. (CSPRI, 2017) Improve living circumstances...
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...xenophobia in South Africa as a hate crime and its effects on the victims who experience the consequences thereof. Index 1. Introduction 1 2. Definitions 1 2.1 Definition of Hate Crime 2.2 Definition of Xenophobia 2 3. Hate Crime in South Africa 3 4. Xenophobia in South Africa 4 5. Effects on the Victims of Xenophobia 5 5.1 Individual Effects 5 5.2 Societal Effects 5 5.3 Secondary Victimisation 5 6. Conclusion 6 7. List of References/ Bibliography 7 1. Introduction South Africa has been praised for its peaceful and swift transformation to becoming an open society, founded on democratic values and a constitution that insures principles of human dignity, freedom, equality, and social justice. Regardless of policy and legislative guarantees for fundamental human rights, crime and violence are widespread. Incidents of hate speech, xenophobia and victimisation are on the rise, most recently being the outbreak of attacks against foreign nationals in informal settlements in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal. South Africa has a long history of prejudice and discrimination. One of the main legacies of apartheid is that of intolerance towards „difference‟ - be it in terms of race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, sexual orientation or other causes. South Africa has to deal with the prejudice of the past or adopt new measures to address it. Because of South Africa‟s high...
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...Mandela Non-violence is a concept that people participate in social and political change without violence. It is a form of social and political change between passive acceptances and armed struggle. Non-violence way to participate in the social and political change is including nonviolent civil disobedience against, acts of civil disobedience or other powerful influence uncooperative antagonistic form; it is similar with pacifism, but it is not pacifism. Since the mid-20th century, nonviolence and civil disobedience become the main form of social change, and it also is respected political and social philosophy. As the practice of social and political change, non-violent has the essence difference with pacifism, it is contrary to the wishes of the oppressed, and it struggle with any injustice and power political. In my final paper, I will instruction three famous Non-violence movement leader: Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and Nelson Mandela; and also I will compare the similar and difference between them. Mahatma Gandhi was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in Britishruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world. A very important turning point in Gandhi’s life is he arrived in South Africa to work as a legal representative for the Muslim Indian traders based in the city of Pretoria when he was 24. In South Africa he faced the...
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...communication policy 1.1.1 Emerging communications industry policy 1.1.2 Public service media policy 1.1.3 New communications policy 1.2 Freedom of the media 1.2.1 The need for freedom of speech 1.2.2 Threats to it 1.2.3 If, how and why such threats can or cannot be motivate 2 MEDIA MANAGEMENT AND MEDIA MARKETS 2.1 Media concentration 2.1.1 The relationship of competition to concentration 2.1.2 The dual nature of the media industry 2.1.3 The four forms of concentration 2.1.4 The dangers of concentration 2.1.5 Positive externalities of the media 3 REPRESENTATION AND THE MEDIA 3.1 Media representation of race 3.1.1 Discussion 3.1.2 Brief explanation of the meaning whiteness 3.2 Media representation of violence 3.2.1 An introductory thesis (argument) 3.2.2 Define and explain representation, violence and moral panics 3.2.3 an overview of different theories 3.2.4 Discussion of the processes 3.2.5 A concluding argument 3.3 Media representation of HIV and Aids 3.3.1 Introduction to discussion 3.3.2 Illustration of discussion 3.3.3 Impact of the article 3.3.4 Media attention 3.3.5 Placing and timing of article 4 ADDENDUM A: SELF ASSESSMENT AND SELF REFLECTION SOURCES CONSULTED ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 9...
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...Paragraph on Nelson Mandela Danish Jain Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 in Mvezo, South Africa. He was a prominent civil rights leader in South Africa and around the world. Mandela was also the President of South Africa. He was famous for fighting against apartheid in South Africa, which was meaning white people ruled the country, even though there were not as many of them as there were black people. Mandela wanted to free the country from racism, violence, and inequality. He also admired Gandhi because of his Non-Violence approach. In 1944, Nelson Mandela started a (ANC) African National Congress and became a leader in it. At one point he started to doubt that this approach to Non-Violence and Racism would work and started up an armed branch of the ANC. Mandela also planned to bomb certain buildings, but his idea was not to hurt anyone around. After, Mandela was stated as a terrorist by the South African government and sent to prison. Mandela stayed in the prison for 27 years, and then was released through International Pressure in 1990. After Nelson Mandela was released from the prison he continued his campaign to put an end to apartheid. His hard work and life long effort had paid off, when everyone was allowed to vote in the 1994 election in South Africa. Mandela was chosen as the First President of South Africa. Mandela died on December 5th, 2013 due to a lung infection, he was 95 years...
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...Phoenix COM/155 When most people are asked what they think of South Africa compared to the United States, the most common response that is given is that South Africa is a desert like the remaining continent of Africa is; this is as far from the truth as possible. Would you have ever thought that two countries could be so similar yet so different at the same time? South Africa is as up in the technology world as the United States is; if not further along to some degree. It is known to have the largest research association of great white sharks off of any coast. Although the United States and South Africa have several similarities, they are also quite different because the United States has a lower violence and poverty rate than South Africa. One similarity between the Unites States and South Africa is that they are a huge melting pot of ethnicity and race, that had to fight for what they believed was right between the higher percentages of races. Both countries races consist of whites, blacks, Asians, and Indians. But there is a huge difference in the race percentages’, according to "Race and Ethnicity in the United States" (n.d.), the majority of the more than 300 million people currently living in the United States consists of White Americans, who trace their ancestry to the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. In South Africa, black's makeup 79.0% of the total population ("Ethnic Groups in South Africa", n.d.). The percentage of all white households that are...
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...Apartheid has been identified as a direct cause of mental health issues in South Africa. A case study on the Organization for Appropriate Social Services in South Africa (OASSSA) recognized the group’s greatest achievement as the establishment of the link between apartheid and mental health. OASSSA was a group of progressive, anti-apartheid mental health workers who first came together to discuss the land act because they “felt both angry and disenchanted at…the idea of discussing family dynamics and therapy within a homeland setting which [was] responsible for the break-up of thousands of families” (Hayes 2000, 328). Through their years working against the apartheid regime, OASSSA built a case as to why the social conditions produced by apartheid...
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...[pic] Term paper Term paper title : Campus Violence. Course : Eng-102 Sec : 19 Introduction: In our recent time campus violence is a worldwide burning and worrisomeissue. Political instability, student politics, psychological problem and mental instability of students are the most responsible factors to occur this incident frequently. Since globally campus violence is increasing in a concerning rate and general student s are the main sufferer of it, so we have to think about their future and solve this problem right away; otherwise a tremendous shock is waiting for us. And that is why we want to work on this topic. Campus Violence: A Haphazard condition in Educational Institutions What is Campus Violence? According to Oxford Dictionary violence means, “The behaviour involving or caused by physical force that is intended to hurt or kill somebody” and when the violence occurrs in educational campus, it is called CampusViolence. Violence is always prohibited and when it occurs in educational institutions, it is Obviously distressing and crucial fact. Worldwide educational institutions are faceing this problem frequently. It hampers the regular activities of the institutions. General students...
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...to London, he had to take three vows. He promised not to be interested in women, not to drink wine, and not to eat meat (Shridharani 3). These vows are significant as they affected him the rest of his life. These vows were a guide for him as to what path and beliefs to have and to influence with on the people of India. In London he mastered law but was never accustomed to the English lifestyle. Gandhi was offered a job on June 10, 1891 and sailed back to India to Bombay. Gandhi was ineffective while practicing law in Rajkot and Bombay (“Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi”). Thankfully, Gandhi received an offer from Muslims to be a lawyer fro them in Pretoria, South Africa (Fischer 39). One of Gandhi’s first discoveries of the discrimination of Indians in South Africa was when he was on a train in Natal, South Africa....
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...and would welcome and embrace suffering in the process. Gandhi exhibited a vow of fearlessness. He strived to eliminate discrimination and inequity in South Africa and India and welcomed personal suffering to do so. According to Gandhi civil disobedience would not be effective without the moral power of, and commitment to, Satyagraha. In my essay I will be discussing the beliefs and principles that Gandhi lived by. Gandhi, was also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born in Porbandar, in the modern state of Gujarat, on October 2, 1869, into a Hindu family. His parents belonged to the Vaisya caste of Hindu's. Gandhi was a shy and serious boy and grew up in an atmosphere of religious tolerance and acceptance of teachings of various Hindu sects. Gandhi was married at 13 years old, he married a girl named Kasturibhai. The wedding was arranged according to custom by his parents. The Gandhi's had four children. At the age of 19, Gandhi traveled to England to study law. During that time he began to develop his philosophy of life. He also studied the great Indian religious classic the Bhagavad-Gita and also turned to the New Testament of the Bible and to the teachings of Buddha. After finishing school, Gandhi returned to India to practice law but was unsuccessful. In 1893, Gandhi went to South Africa to do some legal work. South Africa was then under British rule. Almost immediately, he was abused because he was an Indian who claimed his rights as a British subject. He...
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...Mandela: What Made Non-Violence Work? Any suspicion of plagiarism will result in a non-submission of assignment. Failure to complete assignment by the start of the fall semester or suspicion of plagiarism will result in a 5% loss of class average for the first semester grade. Read the background essay to gain more knowledge about these men. Answers should be typed. Plagiarized responses will receive no credit. Document D Questions: 1. What non-violent tactic is being threatened by Gandhi to protest the salt tax? 2. What is civil disobedience? 3. Provide an example of civil disobedience. 4. Inference: Why did Gandhi write the letter to Lord Irwin, telling him in advance what he intended to do? 5. What are the risks of civil disobedience to society? Document E Questions: 1. What is a lunch counter sit-in? 2. Is a lunch counter sit-in an example of civil disobedience? Why? 3. Explain the difference between a strike and a boycott? 4. How does King justify breaking the law at his trial? Examine the Picture 5. What can you tell me about the sit-in and the times from Blackwell’s photo? Explain. a. b. c. Document F Questions: 1. Does the document provide evidence that Mandela supported civil disobedience? Explain. 2. Did Mandela believe that acts of civil disobedience must be non-violent? 3. Under what circumstances might have Mandela supported violence? 4. Think: What...
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...Gandhi, King and Mandela: What Made Non-Violence Work? Any suspicion of plagiarism will result in a non-submission of assignment. Failure to complete assignment by the start of the fall semester or suspicion of plagiarism will result in a 5% loss of class average for the first semester grade. Read the background essay to gain more knowledge about these men. Answers should be typed. Plagiarized responses will receive no credit. Document D Questions: 1. What non-violent tactic is being threatened by Gandhi to protest the salt tax? 2. What is civil disobedience? 3. Provide an example of civil disobedience. 4. Inference: Why did Gandhi write the letter to Lord Irwin, telling him in advance what he intended to do? 5. What are the risks of civil disobedience to society? Document E Questions: 1. What is a lunch counter sit-in? 2. Is a lunch counter sit-in an example of civil disobedience? Why? 3. Explain the difference between a strike and a boycott? 4. How does King justify breaking the law at his trial? Examine the Picture 5. What can you tell me about the sit-in and the times from Blackwell’s photo? Explain. a. b. c. Document F Questions: 1. Does the document provide evidence that Mandela supported civil disobedience? Explain. 2. Did Mandela believe that acts of civil disobedience must be non-violent? 3. Under what circumstances might have Mandela supported violence? 4. Think: What does Mandela mean...
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...South Africa and Rwanda are two African countries that have experienced conflict and applied different reconciliation approaches. Apartheid rule in South Africa involved a system of racial separation and discrimination that governed the country from 1948 to 1994. The National Party (NP) had built the apartheid model as way for them to preserve the superiority of the white in South Africa. Individuals within the country were categorized based on their color or race. During this period inhumane policies were used to maintain the dominance of the white racial groups within South Africa. Some of these policies include denying the right of individual liberty and life, dividing the population based on race and the exploitation of blacks within the...
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...The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s shows a strong parallel to the years of Apartheid in South Africa. In both cases, Blacks in the United States and Blacks in South Africa were being discriminated against simply because of the color of their skin. In the last decade of the nineteenth century in the United States, racially discriminatory laws and racial violence aimed at African Americans and other minority groups began to flourish and expand. Elected, appointed, or hired government authorities began to require or permit discrimination. There were a number of acts that were permitted that discriminated against African Americans. Segregation was upheld by the United States Supreme Court in the case of, Plessy v. Ferguson. In 1896, legally mandated by Southern states and nationwide at the local level of government, voter suppression or disfranchisement in the southern states, denial of economic opportunity or resources nationwide, and private acts of violence and mass racial violence aimed at African Americans, were unhindered or encouraged by government authorities. Although racial discrimination was present nationwide, the combination of law, public and private acts of discrimination, marginal economic opportunity, and violence directed toward African Americans in the southern states became known as Jim Crow laws or acts. Peaceful protests against the discrimination of African Americans voting rights were demonstrated in Selma, Alabama in 1965 and led by Martin Luther...
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...is not merely to cast off one’s chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others” (Newsone.com). Courage is a word filled with many connotations. Courage is to stand your ground and look fear in the face and overcome the impossible. One cannot face their fears or show anyone can be a hero, but it is the courageous and brave hearted acts of a person that separates them from other amateurs that cannot fit the description. Nothing in life is free or comes without working hard to make something happen. In order to be courageous, a person should have bravery, perseverance, and honesty Nelson Mandela, the former president of South Africa, did not choose to take an easy walk to freedom. Mandela is respected throughout the word for his integrity, courage, and dignity to be able to help his people in South Africa. . Nelson Mandela is well renowned in his country as a hero for his courage to stand for what he believed in and endured years in prison to help his country towards freedom. Nothing in life that is worth having is easy. Nelson Mandela accepted the challenge for freedom which was worth having and went for the greater good of his people. John f. Kennedy, former president of the United States who also fought about equality wrote about the profiles of courage. He stated that “ A man does what he must—in spite of personal consequences, in spite of the obstacles and dangers and pressures—and that is the basis of all human morality” (225). A man of courage...
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