...ericsson White paper 284 23-3163 Uen | February 2012 Voice and video calling over LTE a step towards future telephony The GSMA IR.92 voice-over-LTE and GSMA IR.94 IMS conversational video specifications are the preferred industry choices for mass-market voice and video calling services over LTE, satisfying user expectations and providing the most advantageous solutions for operators. The specifications profile existing 3GPP IMS services, enhanced packet core and radio, and leverage telecom characteristics such as quality of service and global reach. VOICE services in MOBILE BROADBAND networks Mobile broadband has created a world of opportunities and opened up new revenue streams for operators. Opportunities are often coupled with challenges, and mobile broadband tests the position of communication services, such as voice, which today accounts for around 70 percent of operators’ annual revenue – about USD 650 billion – globally. The crucial question is how to take advantage of mobile broadband opportunities while at the same time maintaining and increasing revenue from communication services. LTE networks can deliver mobile broadband and communication services with greater capacity and lower latency. However, as there is no circuit-switched voice domain in LTE, the mobile industry will adopt a globally interoperable IP-based voice, video-calling and messaging solution for LTE, which also enables development of new innovative multimedia services. Some over-the-top (OTT)...
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...Unclassified DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2005)12/FINAL Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 07-Apr-2006 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English - Or. English DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY COMMITTEE FOR INFORMATION, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS POLICY DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2005)12/FINAL Unclassified Working Party on Telecommunication and Information Services Policies MULTIPLE PLAY: PRICING AND POLICY TRENDS English - Or. English JT03207142 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2005)12/FINAL FOREWORD This report was presented to the Working Party on Telecommunication and Information Services Policies in December 2005 and was declassified by the Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy in March 2006. The report was prepared by Mr. Yoshikazu Okamoto and Mr. Taylor Reynolds of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. It is published under the responsibility of the SecretaryGeneral of the OECD. © OECD/OCDE 2006 2 DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2005)12/FINAL TABLE OF CONTENTS MAIN POINTS.............................................................................................................................................. 6 Regulatory issues.....................
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...[pic] VoIP and IP Telephony: Planning and Implementation Table of Contents Executive Summary………. Legacy Telephony Technology………. Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) ………. IP Technology Solution Overview………. What is VoIP and how it works?.......... What is IP Telephony? ) ………. Benefits of IP Communications over a Converged Intelligent Network) ………. Economy) ………. Flexibility) ………. Resilience) ………. Productivity) ………. Building Blocks of Converged IP Communications Networks) ………. Network Infrastructure) ………. Applications) ………. End Points (Client Devices) ) ………. Call Processing) ………. Major IP Communications Solutions) ………. IP Telephony) ………. Considerations for Deploying IP Telephony) ………. IP Conferencing) ………. IP Contact Centers) ………. Unified Messaging) ………. Rich Media Communications—Integrated Audio, Video, and Web Conferencing) IP Videoconferencing) ………. IP Video Telephony) ………. Extension Mobility) ………. IP Telephony Applications) ………. Mobility Applications) ………. Softphones/Soft-agents ) ………. 802.11a/b/g Wireless LANs and Wireless or Soft IP Phones ) ………. Teleworker / Support) ………. Emergency Alerting Applications ) ………. Business Continuity / Disaster Recovery) ………. Land and Mobile Radio Convergence) ………. N11 Services—211, 311, 511, 711 Services to Relieve Overburdened 911 Systems ) ………. Video/Audio-On-Demand, E-Learning) ………. A "Typical" VoIP Configuration………. The Economics of VoIP ………. Selecting the Right Products for Investment Protection and...
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...Computer Networking 1 Objectives Identify the major needs and stakeholders for computer networks and network applications. Identify the classifications of networks and how they are applied to various types of enterprises. Explain the functionality and use of typical network protocols. Use preferred techniques and necessary tools to troubleshoot common network problems. 2 Objectives Define a computer network. Identify the primary needs for computer networks and network applications. Draw the four major physical network topologies: bus, star, ring, and mesh. 3 Computer Networking Use large variety of components that must work together. Move bits from one device to another. Bit: Smallest unit of data, binary 1 or 0. Focuses on copying bits on one device to another. Computing devices include computers, gaming systems, televisions, phones, tablets, GPS navigation systems, watches, etc. 4 Defining a Network with User Applications Examples: Digital advertising, online/video games, text messages, websites, social media, and email. Network diagrams often use cloud to identify what part of network to ignore for a particular discussion. LAN vs WAN 5 Defining a Network with User Applications Computer Networks: Cloud Representing Hidden Parts of the Network 6 Figure 2-1 An Informal General Definition of a Computer Network Telecom: Short for telephone communications Primarily focuses on role of traditional...
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...Implementation Table of Contents Executive Summary………. Legacy Telephony Technology………. Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) ………. IP Technology Solution Overview………. What is VoIP and how it works?.......... What is IP Telephony? ) ………. Benefits of IP Communications over a Converged Intelligent Network) ………. Economy) ………. Flexibility) ………. Resilience) ………. Productivity) ………. Building Blocks of Converged IP Communications Networks) ………. Network Infrastructure) ………. Applications) ………. End Points (Client Devices) ) ………. Call Processing) ………. Major IP Communications Solutions) ………. IP Telephony) ………. Considerations for Deploying IP Telephony) ………. IP Conferencing) ………. IP Contact Centers) ………. Unified Messaging) ………. Rich Media Communications—Integrated Audio, Video, and Web Conferencing) IP Videoconferencing) ………. IP Video Telephony) ………. Extension Mobility) ………. IP Telephony Applications) ………. Mobility Applications) ………. Softphones/Soft-agents ) ………. 802.11a/b/g Wireless LANs and Wireless or Soft IP Phones ) ………. Teleworker / Support) ………. Emergency Alerting Applications ) ………. Business Continuity / Disaster Recovery) ………. Land and Mobile Radio Convergence) ………. N11 Services—211, 311, 511, 711 Services to Relieve Overburdened 911 Systems ) ………. Video/Audio-On-Demand, E-Learning) ………. A "Typical" VoIP Configuration………. The Economics of VoIP ………. Selecting...
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...between data, voice, and video signals in 200 to 300 words. Include a description comparing the differences between a private branch exchange (PBX) and Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP). The three types of signals data, voice, and video. Besides the obvious differences between these three signals there is more to them. The first signal I will describe is the video signal. Like the name suggest a video signal transmits videos from one point to another. They come in both analog and digital. These can be used by business to transmit videos to video monetors around a business to transmit information to employees. The next type of signal is the voice signal. According to the last weeks required reading, the voice signal, or audio signal, is responsible for supporting applications based on sound, usually of the human voice. (8text) What this basically means is that the audio that goes through a network through a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) or a private branch exchange (PBX) is a voice signal. One of the differences between a PBX and a VoIP is basic function. A PBX is a system that in essence it is an internal telephone network that enables one office to call another office within the company. The company would only need to by one or two main telephone lines to connect to an outside line. So a business would save on money not having to supply each office with an outside line. A VoIP is similar to the PBX, but a VoIP utilizes a packet switched network. A VoIP uses...
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...Cell Phones – Cellphones use both voice and data communication. To give an example: a person talking on a cellphone will use “voice” communication. On the other side, “Data” technology is also used on smartphones which allow them to search the internet and download different files. Landlines – Landlines usually and more than common use voice communication. Though newer landlines have the option to use what’s called a NCID (Network Caller ID) which uses data sent over a TCP connection. SMS/Text Messaging – SMS or text messages can be used in a variety of ways. Examples include: cellphones and internet texting. SMS does not use any kind of voice technology and therefore is sent over data networks. Fax Machines – Fax machines have analog modems. This type of modem technology uses the voice network. When the receiving end gets a fax connection it listens for a digital connection that has been converted from an analog signal using a voice network. Pagers – Pagers were primarily a data network. They worked by sending numerical short messages, something that may have been a bit similar to texting but with numbers. Since the introduction of data pagers, voice pagers have also been brought into the picture. These types of pagers use the” voice” network. VOIP Phones – VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is a technology that can transmit audio messages over the internet. VOIP is transferred over an internet protocol it thereby uses data networks. Something that might be worth knowing...
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...Cell phones – Cell phones use data networks to communicate over radio frequencies. The frequencies that they use are also shared with television, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. Landline phones – Landline phones use voice networks only because they do not need as much speed as anything else. Normal house phones use approximately 10 MB/s which is all that voice networks handle. SMS/Text messaging – Text messaging uses data networks because they can also be sending media like pictures and video. The other reason that I believe that text messaging uses data networking is because it is faster. Fax machines – Fax machines use voice because they only transmit exactly what is on the paper. It is not being transformed into little packets and sent over the internet to another place; it is just sent from one place to another through the phone line. Pagers – Pagers use the same as cell phones and that is data networks because it is wireless, and does not have to be plugged into anything. Pagers are not that common due to the cell phone industry growing swiftly. VOIP – VOIP as it says in the name of it uses a data network. It uses IP for talking so that the communication is more secure and not many people can tap in as easily as people can over regular phones. Skype/Facetime – Skype and facetime both use data networks to communicate because you are sharing video with somebody else. You are also receiving video, and video cannot be shared over a voice...
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...Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a rapidly emerging technology for voice communication that uses the ubiquity of IP-based networks to deploy VoIP client devices—such as desktop IP phones, mobile VoIP-enabled handheld devices, and VoIP gateways—in an increasing number of businesses and homes around the world. Windows CE 5.0 is a robust, real-time operating system platform that enables original device manufacturers (ODMs), original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), service providers (such as Internet service providers [ISPs], cable companies, and carriers), and enterprises to rapidly develop and deploy a wide range of devices that are part of an IP network and that have integrated VoIP functionality. The latest version of Windows CE includes an integrated, easy-to-use Telephony User Interface (TUI), a VoIP Application Interface Layer (VAIL) with extensive call control functionality, an interface to access contact and calendar data on Microsoft Exchange servers, advanced provisioning capabilities, and a complete network layer stack that facilitates VoIP-enabled device development and infrastructure integration. The information contained in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the...
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...1 Cell phones – Cell phones use data networks to communicate over radio frequencies. The frequencies that they use are also shared with television, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. Landline phones – Landline phones use voice networks only because they do not need as much speed as anything else. Normal house phones use approximately 10 MB/s which is all that voice networks handle. SMS/Text messaging – Text messaging uses data networks because they can also be sending media like pictures and video. The other reason that I believe that text messaging uses data networking is because it is faster. Fax machines – Fax machines use voice because they only transmit exactly what is on the paper. It is not being transformed into little packets and sent over the internet to another place; it is just sent from one place to another through the phone line. Pagers – Pagers use the same as cell phones and that is data networks because it is wireless, and does not have to be plugged into anything. Pagers are not that common due to the cell phone industry growing swiftly. VOIP – VOIP as it says in the name of it uses a data network. It uses IP for talking so that the communication is more secure and not many people can tap in as easily as people can over regular phones. Skype/Facetime – Skype and facetime both use data networks to communicate because you are sharing video with somebody else. You are also receiving video, and video cannot be shared over a voice...
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... Howard Sims Although voice, data, and video signals travel along the same physical media as one another, many differences exist in the way these signals are actually transmitted. In order to transmit voice signals, a telephone uses a thin diaphragm in the telephone receiver to reproduce vibrations caused by the changing tones in a human voice. Electrical signals that are analogous to the waves produced by a caller’s headset diaphragm flow over the network medium. Voice signals require a dedicated circuit and are not able to use error control because of time restraints. If voice signals were to arrive out of order (like a data signal can afford to do because of the error-correcting information contained in data packets), then they would not be of much use; the voice would sound garbled an unintelligible. Data signals can arrive out of order with little detriment. Header information on packets allows the entire transmission to be reassembled in the correct order before the data is used by an application. Because of this leniency, data networks can make use of packet switching networks. Made up of data, video signals require the same reliability of signal delivery that data signals require, but also have the same time restraints inherent on voice...
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...Project in Data Communication Helen Grace A. Fernandez 201011542 February 9, 2011 Contents 1 Reaction to the Game 2 Description of Hardware 2.1 First Generation . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 1G Base Station . . . . . 2.1.2 Copper Node . . . . . . . 2.1.3 Coax Node . . . . . . . . 2.1.4 Optical Node . . . . . . . 2.1.5 20 RAS 5850s . . . . . . . 2.1.6 WAN Switch IGX MGX 2.1.7 WAN Switch BPX . . . . 2.1.8 Router 7200 . . . . . . . . 2.1.9 Router 7500 . . . . . . . . 2.1.10 ONS 15454 . . . . . . . . 2.1.11 Mobile Switch MSC . . . 2.1.12 Cable Headend Analog . 2.1.13 Cable Headend Digital . 2.1.14 Telephone Switch . . . . 2.1.15 Second Generation . . . . 2.1.16 50 WiFi Base Stations . 2.1.17 25 MSPPs . . . . . . . . . 2.1.18 10 CMTS UBRs . . . . . 2.1.19 50 DSLAMs . . . . . . . . 2.1.20 25 MWRs . . . . . . . . . 2.1.21 20 Cat2000 Switches . . 2.1.22 Router 7600 . . . . . . . . 2.1.23 Router 10000 . . . . . . . 2.1.24 Router 12000 . . . . . . . 1 8 10 10 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...Introduction: The full form of 3G is Third Generation, 3G stands for the third generation network that is presently the most advanced interface available in the field of communication and network. BSNL being a govt. owned company, was the first to introduce this technology in India. 3G provides a great platform that is studded with highly advanced features like : * Better sound quality in calls * High speed data transfer over the internet * High end connectivity * Direct video streaming facility from the internet * Feature of video calling to any 3G enabled mobile phones containing a camera for video calling and many more such features are there. All this is easily available at quite affordable prices. Now that the private companies have also come up with the launch of 3G networks, the charges of this advanced service are been hoped to get down soon. 3G is the next generation feature that provides new aspects to the use of networks for Internet as well as calling purposes. The introductory part of subject under investigation contains the following: * Objectives of the Study * Significance of the Study * Sources of the study * Reason of choosing customer satisfaction of GP * Methodology of the study * Limitations of the Study Objectives of the study: This Program was designed to accomplish some objectives. The objectives were identified through a closer interaction and exchange of views with the users of 3G. The objectives are: * Application of...
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...world is constantly evolving and part of that evolution is the way it uses wide area networks. Business’s often employ several different types of data in order to stay current but also to maximize their profits. On a typical wide area network, three types of medium that often are used are voice, traditional data, and video. Because of the reliance on telephone calls, businesses have many options. A private branch exchange is used by many larger businesses that need more than one employee to have access to a phone call. This is simply a phone switch that is either bought or leased in which a company can control. This gives their employees an easy way to access a certain call from many levels of a facility, but also gives them the option of calling within the network. Voice over internet protocol is using the internet to send telephone calls. A traditional private branch exchange makes use of existing telephone systems while voice over internet protocol instead relies on internet service provider’s network. A private branch exchange can also have voice over internet protocol functionality. Traditional data and video are also things a company may need to use in order to conduct business. Video data is as it implies data that gets processed in the form of a video. Video files can be traditional data files for sending, but streaming services can also be used. A video stream is essentially a video played on demand without a permanent download and can be viewed as it loads. Traditional...
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...Explain the differences between data, voice, and video signals in 200 to 300 words. Include a description comparing the differences between a private branch exchange (PBX) and Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP). Solution: Data signal is a mode of physical data transmission usually in binary code in signals or pulses from one source point to one or more destination point. Data is transformed into electromagnetic signals prior to transmission across a network. Data and video signal are typically encoded utilizing a digital methodology where voice is typically encoded utilizing an analog format. In analog technology, sound is recorded in its original form. Therefore, for instance, if making a recording of the sound, the audio is taken straight from the microphone and stored onto the storage media. The wave from the microphone is an analog wave, and therefore the wave on the tape is analog as well. That wave on the tape can be read, amplified and put through a sound system to produce the original sound. In digital technology, the video or data is turned into numbers that are stored on a digital device such as a computer. The more samples that are taken the more closely the digital data reflect the original data or video signal. Another option is that the data and video are directly encoded into digital format to start with and does not require sampling. In addition to this, Voice signals are generally less data intensive as only the audio part is captured and is compressed...
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