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Vulnerable Populations

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Vulnerable Populations

Complete the following assignment of the total 100 points for this module and submit this in Blackboard assignments. You will need to utilize the following chapters (31-38) in the Stanhope and Lancaster book to assist you with this assignment.
Name: Trevalla Eggleston__________________
Date: _04/11/2013__________________
I. Complete the following activities which will count for a total of 50 points

1. Complete the following table. (Type your answers into the table.) (10 points /.5 each)

|Vulnerable Population |Common Health Problems |Identify Health Strategies to improve health |
|Poor and Homeless |HIV/AIDS; substance abuse;depression;COPD;Musculoskeleral|Preventative services related to homelessness |
| |problems; malnutrition; tuberculosis; mental/psychiatric |include providing adequate housing, education |
| |illness |on proper dieting, shelter, and free or |
| | |affordable health care. |
|Pregnant Adolescents |Low pregnancy birth rates; sexual transmitted infections |Provide services for adolescents that are |
| | |pregnant. Provide education on sexual |
| | |transmitted infections and pregnancy. Also |
| | |educate on proper diet and the importance of |
| | |prenatal care |
|Migrant Workers and Immigrants |Dental disease; high stress levels; nervousness; low |Educate them about health topics such as DM, |
| |self-esteem, DM |dental health, etc. Inform them about resources|
| | |that are available to improve their health, and|
| | |provide outreach services. |
|Mentally Ill |Smoking, suicide, DM, obesity |Educate populations regarding mental health |
| | |issues; teach stress reduction techniques, |
| | |conduct screenings; provide mental health |
| | |interventions after stressful events occur; |
| | |provide health promotion activities. |
|Victims of Violence |PTSD; signs of physical abuse; mental health problems; |Educate on ways to reduce stress; provide |
| |social isolation; depression |counseling; assessment during routine |
| | |examinations |
|Substance Abusers |Heart disease; lung disease or cancer; HIV/AIDS; |Educate about drugs and guidelines for use, as |
| |hepatitis |well as the promotion of health alternatives to|
| | |drug usage either for recreation or stress |
| | |relief |
|Victims of Communicable and |HIV/AIDS;TB;STI’S;hepatitis A,B,C; HPV; PID |Educate the community on ways to prevent |
|Infectious Diseases | |communicable diseases to well populations; |
| | |Vaccinate for the HAC and HBV; Administer TB |
| | |sin test; test and counsel for HIV Provide |
| | |community outreach for education and needle |
| | |exchange |
|Elderly |AD; DEM; elderly abuse; coronary heart disease, followed |Educate family on the disease process of AD and|
| |by stroke, cancer, pneumonia and the flu. Accidents, |DEM; educate o vaccinations, fall precautions, |
| |especially falls that results in hip fractures, are also |screenings for cancer. |
| |unfortunately common in the elderly. | |
|Persons with Disabilities |Malnutrition; poor dental health; poor hygiene; limited |Education on services that are available for |
| |activity/stamina; high risk for infection and secondary |the person with disabilities |
| |injury | |
|Prisoners |TB; STI’s; HIV/AIDS; HBV; HAC, HAV,HDV; HEV; arthritis, |Education of prevention and screenings; educate|
| |asthma, hypertension, heart and kidney problems |on signs and symptoms of diseases. Educate on |
| | |the importance of taking the right medications |
| | |and taking them daily. Encourage the report of |
| | |any changes in health conditions |

2. To what extent do you think economic issues and social values play a role in the way that health services are offered to vulnerable population groups? Explain why you think the population as a whole should or should not pay for the care of vulnerable groups. Base your answers on the concept of social justice and advocacy.
Type your answer here (5 points): Vulnerable populations are defined as those at greater risk for poor health status and poor health care access. The Legislature affected these populations by passing Acts and Amendments, such as the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982. This Act was designed to focus on limiting the rapid increase in health care cost, but failed to focus on community planning. I feel that the economy and social roles play a huge role on the health services that are provided period and people who have mental issue or vulnerable population get the least. I feel the population as a whole should protect the innocent and the vulnerable groups because they cannot protect themselves. Our constitution and our Laws are biblical based and the Bibles states to help those who are in need.

3. Complete the following tables regarding Poverty and Homelessness.
Poverty and Homelessness (6 points)

|1. Define poverty? |Poverty refers to having insufficient financial resources to meet basic living |
| |expenses |
|2. I do you feel about the homeless |In my opinion, I am saddened by the fact that there are people that are homeless. WE |
|population? |are one of the most resourceful and richest nations. I think the vast majority of the|
|Based on your answer to the question above, |homeless population consists of people with mental illness which is due to the |
|what do you think causes one to become |dysfunction of the brain; this allocates to memory loss, functioning financially, and|
|homeless? |affects the person life and well- being. |
|3. What issues might confront an individual |Issues that a homeless individual might face is not enough room, communicable |
|inside a homeless shelter? |diseases, violence, theft, and rape |
|4. How do you or would you respond to a |Usually I find out what they need and if they are hungry I’ll buy them some food if |
|homeless individual on the street begging for|they ask for food. I rarely give money because I am aware that some have drug issues,|
|money? |but I have given money |
|5. Because of the economic crisis we are now|In my opinion I think that the homeless and those living in poverty are greatly |
|facing, how do you feel this will impact the |affected. I think the affordable health care can impact the community, but my lack of|
|homeless and the level of poverty in your |understanding of it I’m not sure. I feel that the lack of jobs and those who have |
|community and the state? |lost their jobs could have led to poverty and homelessness. |
|6. If you were in a position of power to |This question is difficult for me because I do not know the process or how to go |
|change the economic situation, what would be |about doing it the proper way, but I do know that a percentage of money should go to |
|the first thing you would do to improve the |build more shelters that they can go to and more resources should be available, |
|health care of the homeless? (Be creative |because I am now starting to see more people sleeping under the bridge. One day I |
|with your answer, you may someday be in a |want to open a clinic for adolescents and educate them on STI, nutrition, importance |
|position to put your idea in to place.) |of education, pregnancy, self-esteem, etc. |

4. Mental Health Issues (includes Substance abusers) (10 points)
|1. What is the first thought that comes to your mind when you hear the word |The first thought that comes to my mind was someone |
|mental illness? |who is not functional mentally, but could be |
| |physically healthy. |
|2. Discuss the community mental health model. |The community mental health model is the primary |
|Is this model effective in caring for the needs of the mentally ill |method of care for people with serious and |
|individuals in your community/state? |persistent mental illness. Components of this model |
| |include team care, case management, outreach, and a |
| |variety of rehabilitate and recovery approaches to |
| |help prevent exacerbations of illness. According to |
| |the definition of this model I would say no, because|
| |it does not meet all the needs of the mentally ill |
| |individual in my community. |
|3. What services would you like to see provided or improved to more |Region 8 or Region 9 and Mississippi State Hospital.|
|effectively meet the needs of individuals with mental illness? |I think the public should be made more aware of the |
| |services provided and how they can help an |
| |individual |
|4. Do you feel that magazine and television advertisement for alcohol, |Yes, I feel that they could influence the misuse and|
|tobacco and other medicines (sleep aids, analgesics and etc.) could influence |abuse of the substances. |
|the misuse and abuse of these substances? | |

5. Go to the CDC and the MSDH website and research the statistical data related to the vulnerable populations and complete the following table. You can also use Goggle to obtain some of this information. Type your answers in the table. (9 points/.33 each)

|Vulnerable Population |National Statistics |Mississippi Statistics |Public policy that affect the |
| | | |population |
| | | |(this information is in your |
| | | |textbook) |
|Poor and Homeless |According to the CDC, |22,100 |Federal threshold guidelines |
| |during the Point-IN-TIME | | |
| |estimate, over 610,000 | | |
| |people were homeless in | | |
| |the US | | |
|Teen Pregnancy |According to the CDC In |29,754 |Department of health and human |
| |2011 a total of 329,797 | |services |
| |babies were born to women| | |
| |aged 15-19 years, | | |
|Migrant Workers and Immigrants |10.5 million |45,000 |Migrant health act |
|Mentally Ill |45% (2008) | 125,000 |National alliance for the mentally |
| | | |ill |
|Victims of Violence |In 20010 18,573 died as a|For 2010 |National center for victims of |
| |result of homicide and |Ages 15-24 |crime |
| |33,000 suicide |Accidents 183 | |
| | |Homicides- 57 | |
| | |Suicide 126 | |
| | |Ages 25-44 | |
| | |Accidents- 418 | |
| | |Homicides- 134 | |
| | |Suicides- 126 | |
| | |Ages 45-64 | |
| | |Accidents 475 | |
|Substance Abusers |According to the CDC, | 10,065 |Physician and Lawyer for national |
| |Percent of a person’s 12 | |drug policy |
| |years of age and over | | |
| |with any illicit drug use| | |
| |in the past month; 8.9% | | |
| |(2010) | | |
| |Percent of persons 12 | | |
| |years of age and over | | |
| |with marijuana use in the| | |
| |past month; 6.9% (2010) | | |
|Victims of Communicable and Infectious |AIDS in 2008 490,696 TB |55,000 |Medicaid and Medicare |
|Diseases |in 2011 11,182 | | |
|Elderly |Age 55 and older 74,008 |57,009 |Center for Medicaid and Medicare. |
| |in 2010 | |Social Security Act |
|Persons with Disabilities |600 million | |The Rehabilitation Act of 1973; The|
| | | |Balanced Budget Act of 1997 |

6. Victims of Violence: Complete the table below. (4 points)

|1. Think about your community, what is the incidence and types of |Domestic violence is the most prevalent; there are also incidents|
|violence in your community? |of theft, rape, and homicides |
|2. Is family violence a significant health problem in your community?|Yes, as stated before domestic violence is prevalent |
|3. What resources are available in your community for victims of |MS Attorney General’s Office; Crime Compensation Program; MS |
|violence? |Department of Corrections- Adult and Adolescent Survivors of |
| |abuse; Big Brother/ Big Sister; Boys and Girls Clubs; Churches, |
| |Catholic Charities; DHS; Salvation Army, SWAT (bikers club that |
| |help women through domestic violence) |
|4. How would you describe the role of the nurse in working with |Nurses, in their work in schools, community groups, employee |
|victims of violence? |groups, day- care centers and other community centers and other |
| |community institutions, can foster health development patterns |
| |and identify signs of potential abuse. Nurses may also take part |
| |in media campaigns that identify risk factors for abuse, increase|
| |awareness across health, education, justice and social care about|
| |the need to recognize psychopathology in victims and the refer on|
| |for appropriate interventions |

7. Are the resources adequate in your community for the vulnerable populations? Elaborate on your response. (2 points)

A. Yes, there are numerous agencies and churches available for victims of violence. The most prevalent ones are for domestic abuse, rape, and child abuse.

B. No

II. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES WHICH WILL COUNT FOR A TOTAL OF 60 POINTS.
1. Listed below are 4 examples of clients from a vulnerable population. The public health nurse has been asked to locate 1 agency for each example in your community that would be able to provide assistance to these clients. (4 points)
|Vulnerable Population |Agency |
|1. A chronically homeless, pregnant, 33year-old, mildly |1. Back Bay Mission |
|mentally retarded woman | |
|2. A 14 year-old runaway girl who is earning money through |2.inds Be H Hinds Behavior Health Services |
|prostitution and has a drug habit | |
|3. An HIV-positive woman with no family and few friends who is|3.GHAA- Global World HIV/AIDS Alliance |
|trying to make plans for someone to care for her three | |
|children after her death. | |
|4. A 56 year-old alcoholic male migrant farmworker whose TB |4.Migrant Health Program |
|skin test just came back positive. | |

2. Select an agency from your community that you would like to investigate. Selection should be based on personal interest and on the extent to which the agency delivers health care services to the public. These agencies might include The United Way, SAFE, Stewpot Community, etc. This assignment is done to assist you in understanding resources available in a community that might help in successfully meeting health care needs of the community members. Information about the agency should be collected in an appropriate manner and typewritten in the format that follows below. Use all available resources to secure information related to the agency.

Written information required for client resource agency summary: Submit online in Blackboard. PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENTS and DEAPRTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES ARE EXCLUDED. NO PHONE CALL INTERVIEWS ARE ALLOWED. Type your answers after each question. Do not submit as a separate document.

CLIENT RESOURCE AGENCY SUMMARY (50 points)

1. Name, address, and telephone number of agency; name of director & office hours. (2pts)

Hinds Behavioral Health Services

3450 Hwy 80 W.

Jackson, MS 39209

601-321-2400

Director Orphelia Kelly

Hour of operation 8:00am- 4:30pm

2. What are the objectives of the agency and relate those to the Healthy People 2020: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. (2 pts)

Hinds Behavioral Health Service is an outpatient mental, behavioral and substance abuse healthcare facility. Their goal is to help people identify, understand and manage mental health related problems. Services are tailored to the needs and presenting issues of individuals seeking services. Hinds Behavioral Health Services provides quality, affordable mental healthcare for all Hinds County residents.

MHMD-6 increase the proportion of children with mental health problems who receive treatment

MHDH-9 increase the proportion of Adults with mental health disorder who receive treatment

MDHD- 10 increase the proportion of person with co- occurring substance abuse and mental disorders who receive treatment for both disorders

3. Services provided. (5 pts)

• Elderly psychosocial Rehab

• Substance Abuse and Dual Diagnosis

• Children and Youth Services

• Outpatient Mental Health Services

• Jackson House Clubhouse- provides social and vocational rehab of adults 18 years and older with mental disabilities

4. Implications for nursing &/or nursing practice. (3 pts)

The most important duty of a psychiatric nurse is to maintain a positive and therapeutic relationship with the patient in the clinical setting. The nine aspects include: understanding and empathy, individuality, providing support, being there for the pt., being genuine, promoting equality, demonstrating respect, demonstrating clear boundaries, demonstrating self-awareness for the patient

5. How services provided by the agency relate to the levels of prevention of health care. (Include all 3 levels and give specific examples.)(3 pts)

Primary prevention- education- provide education on stress reduction techniques

Secondary prevention- assessments and screenings, psychiatric evaluations

Tertiary preventions- crisis intervention and emergency services. 24- Hour crisis line, outpatient therapy, individual therapy, group therapy, and family therapy

6. Description of how the community might view the agency in terms of the types of services available. (2 pts) I feel that the community will see this as a place to seek treatment and help if needed and how well this organization serves the community.

7. Some examples of needs that members of the community might identify that can be met by the agency. (3 pts) Substance abuse, marriage and family counseling are some services provided. This agency serves the population well and covers all aspects of mental health issues and disorders, and problems.

8. Your impression of the way the agency and staff respond to expressed or felt needs of the community. (3 pts)

The staff was very nice and professional they seemed caring.

9. Approximate number of staff employed. (2 pt)

Approximated 160 people are employed there

10. Types of professionals and nonprofessional workers represented. (2 pt)

Psychiatrist, Nurse Practioners, Registered nurses, Licensed Practical Nurses, Case managers, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Mental Health Technicians, Social Workers, Support Workers, Medical Records, Psychologist, Clinical Therapist, Pharmacy Technicians, and Facilities Technicians

11. Population served. (2 pt)

Ages 4 and older, black, white, Mexican, Chinese,

12. Eligibility criteria. (3 pt)

The only eligibility criteria is to be a resident of Hinds County

13. Fees. (2 pt)

They accept insurance, Medicaid, Medicare, and personal pay for service, and they are a very cost effective facility. They have discounted rates based on household income and size is also available, making mental healthcare affordable to all.

14. Procedure for application for services. (4 pt)

You can call for services or you can be referred by a physician or psychiatrist

15. Funding of agency. (2 pt)

Funding is provided by MHC through Hinds County very little State funding is provided

16. Geographic area served. (2 pt)

Hinds County

17. Index title (category of agency -- proprietary, public, voluntary, combination). Explain your answer. (3 pt)

This agency is considered public and voluntary because it serves the people of the public in Hinds County and they are doing it willingly and are not being forced to do it.

18. Method and arrangement for data collection (include all sources used). List references in APA format (2 pt)

Aging Care. (2010. Health Conditions. What are the most common issues of aging?

Retrieved April 20, 2014. www.agingcare.com/health conditions.

Centers for Disease and Control. ( April 23, 2014).Data and Statistics. Retrieved April 23, 2014.

www.cdc.gov/datastatistics.

Mississippi State Department of Health. (2014). Vital Records and Statistics. Vital Statistics and Data.

Retrieved April 23, 2014. http://msdh.ms.gov/index.htm.

19. Each section is organized, clear, and has good grammar & spelling (spellcheck!) (.5pt)

20. Each student is required to visit the agency selected. No phone call interviews. No on-line interviews. (1 pt.) ________________________ (Name of person you met with at the agency and title)

21. Verification Form submitted in Blackboard. (1.5 pt.)

If you have any questions about this assignment you may e-mail me or call the office number Cathy Smith 662-620-5387(O), 662-891-4181(C), 662-840-8747 (H).

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...Vulnerable Populations Nur/440 March 3, 2011 A vulnerable population is any person or group of persons considered susceptible, or at risk, to physical harm or illness (DeChesnay & Anderson, 2008, p.3). The elderly are vulnerable to many health care problems and violence (DeChesnay & Anderson, 2008, p. 3-4). They may feel as though they are not in a position to defend themselves any longer, feeling as if they are ‘no match’ for their abuser. Much elderly abuse comes at the hands of family members (Phelan, 2010). The elderly may not seek help as they may fear retaliation by the abuser or they may simply not know who to turn to for help. In addition, as the elderly patient advances in age, there is a possibility of Alzheimer’s or dementia affecting their judgment and recall. They may not remember the abuse from day to day or have difficulty verbalizing abuse. Other factors that may impede the victim from speaking out are shame and fear that the abuse won’t be kept confidential or be investigated once reported (Caple & Schub, 2011). For family dealing with the care of an elderly family member, the lines between abuse and dispute are blurred. Consider also, the frustration of a family member dealing with an elderly relative who suffers from dementia or Alzheimer’s. The behaviors that come with those illnesses can be enough to set a family member over the edge as they deal with wandering, repetitious habits, forgetfulness, etc. An untrained layperson/caregiver...

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