...greater now than it has been at anytime in the last century, and the gaps in wages, income, and wealth in America, are wider here than they are in any other developed economy. II. THESIS STATEMENT: Wealth inequality in the USA does not allow those living in poverty to climb out and join the middle class, and keeps most wealth, power, and privilege in the hands of a select few. (Transition History} BODY I. After the Stock Market Crash of 1929, the gap between the rich and the poor began to narrow. (Borrow, pg. 167) A. The current rise of inequality in America can be traced back to 1979. B. Wages still differed greatly between the upper- and working-classes. 1. Unequal educational opportunites 2. Inherited wealth means unequal distribution 3. Discrimination (Race, gender, sexuality) 1. According to the Pew Research Center, the top 7 percent of all U.S. households own 63 percent of all the wealth in the country. According the U.S. Census buruo are living in poverty. That is a brand new all-time record high. (Transition: How?) II. Owning a home, then equal pay for equal work, and then having a college degree are the three factors that can make the biggest difference in closing the wealth gap A. Working towards goals such as education and home ownership will help people living in poverty bridge the gap between the wealthy 1. Societies with greater income...
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...Thesis Organization This thesis will be organized into five chapters; the first chapter will cover the introduction and the background about the issue to be studied. This chapter covers the research problem, questions and the hypothesis to be tested and also the justification for conducting the study. The second chapter will provide a literature review on wage rate determination issues globally and in Zimbabwe. This chapter provides an overview of wage determination. Determination of wage rates is reviewed bringing into attention some of the factors that contribute to determination of wages. Review of the importance of wage determination is also done. Empirical tools commonly used in assessing wage determination are finally reviewed. The third chapter will provide an outline of the methodology used in the study. A conceptual framework will be developed in order to identify possible variables for the study. Tools of analysis are also discussed in this chapter. The relevance of the hypothesis is also tested in this chapter. Chapter four analyzes the determinants of wages. Econometric techniques will be used in this chapter. Chapter five provides a conclusion and possible policy recommendations for the empirical findings of the study. A summary of results is presented first before recommendations. Chapter one Background of the study There is extensive literature that demonstrates important wage differences across workers exist...
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...Primer on Writing an Analytical Essay: If you are at all uncertain how to structure an essay read the following material carefully. Introductory Paragraph: Your first paragraph is the most important part of your essay and should consist of 3 parts: a hook, background, and your thesis: The hook: Grab my attention. Make your first sentence interesting and meaningful Example: If Bill Gates spent $50,000 a minute for the rest of his life, he would still die a wealthy man if he lived for 40 more years. Background: Explain the general issue that you are writing about and the controversy surrounding are assessing, including the title and author’s full name. Example: Many economists lament the growing division of wealth that has marked America in the last two decades. While some this is the basis for America’s economic strength, others feel reversing this trend should be a top priority. In fact, Sue Ackerman in her article “The Rich and the Rest”, suggests that there should be a ten-times rule, whereby the top wage earners could earn no more than tens times the minimum wage. Thesis Statement: This tells me what your position on the topic is as well as how you are going to support it. Example: Her suggestion is ridiculous and should be opposed for three reasons. First of all, it is arbitrary – why should it be 10 times the wealth of the poor and not 8 or 15. Secondly, it is un-American by going against basic...
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...with the term sweatshop, but don't fully comprehend the awful conditions in which these people work and their grueling hours for little pay. His purpose is to open the eyes of the reader and bring attention to just how awful sweatshops are. In order to accomplish this purpose, he appeals mainly to consumers. He also appeals to companies and their buyers. In his essay, Ravisankar addresses the main argument against his thesis, the idea that companies such as Nike, Reebok, Gap, etc. are are to blame for perpetuating a system of exploitation which seeks to get as much out of each worker for the least possible price. He refutes this argument by saying that those companies striving for lower wages and lower input costs are taking part in a phenomenon described as "the race to the bottom." Finally, he concludes by making the point that universities purchase nearly $3 billion in T-shirts, sweatshirts, caps, sneakers, and sports uniforms adorned with their institutions' names and logos. This puts pressure on brands to provide living wages and reasonable conditions for workers because they do not want to lose that money. Overall, the argument Ravisankar makes is ineffective because he doesn't give a theory on how individuals can help with improving conditions of sweatshops. However, he does a wonderful job bringing attention to the topic and providing the reader with all the awful working conditions and effects sweatshops have on...
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...for low prices then describes sweatshops and their conditions. The problem he identifies is consumers demand lower prices to do this, corporations cut the cost on their employees either decreasing their wages or worsening their working conditions. Ravisankar assumes his readers are poor college students looking for lower prices and have a basic understanding of what a sweatshop is but does not fully know the appalling conditions of sweatshops. His purpose in this essay is to raise awareness of the degrading environment of sweatshops. In order to accomplish this purpose, he appeals mainly to pathos an appeal to emotions by mentioning how bad sweatshop working conditions are and its consumer’s. He also appeals to logos when he writes that people should have equal rights as others like pay. In this essay, Ravisankar addresses the main argument against his thesis the idea that the big companies like Nike, Reebox, and Gap are to blame for decreasing conditions in sweatshops. He refutes this argument by saying these companies are taking apart of “the race to the bottom” the pressure for low costs. Finally, he concludes by making the point that universities purchase around $3 billion in clothing with the universities name on it. This puts pressure on the companies to provide living wages and reasonable working. Overall, the argument Ravisankar makes is ineffective although he does an excellent job bringing up the topic and shine a light on it he does not have enough facts or evidence...
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...sisters were in charged of cleaning the house and have the food ready for us when we come back from the fields. In this environment the machismo was very present, girls only attended Junior High School, parents did not believe in sending their daughters out of the town to get a higher education, including my father; because as girls their role was to get married and have kids. It might sound like this ideology belongs to my great grant parents but sadly it belonged to my me 19 years ago. This is a clear example of how a poor ideology puts women in disadvantage in comparison to men. Women have faced more discrimination since the foundation of our constitution where little by little women have gained some rights but the gap between men and women still exists. In my thesis I am going to talk about events that took place, so women could get the right to vote, the right to make reproductive decisions, the issue that women is currently facing for equal pay, and two groups that are in pro and against the passage of the paycheck fair act. Many rights that women have today are the result of big efforts made by past women leaders who showed their inconformity of not having the same civil rights as men. As Shea mentioned in the book Living Democracy “The nation’s founders simply took it for granted that women need not to participate in political affairs; they were viewed as being destined for such roles in society as cooks, maids, wives and mothers.” Pg153. The framers of the constitution based...
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...immigrants, LGBTQ citizens, the working or middle classes, and racial, ethnic or cultural groups). Analyze how the issue could be positively supported using various social controls (e.g., laws, organizational policies/practices, training/education, government or corporate involvement, or social change) and recommend interventions in these areas. In addition, discuss the potential social or economic benefits which may result if your recommendations were implemented. Choose one of the following social issues: • The role of women in leadership • Faith-based decision making in business (hiring and customers served) • The use of immigrant labor in California • Sexual harassment • Executive versus worker compensation disparity • The gender wage gap • Whistleblowing The paper must be eight to ten double-spaced pages in length (excluding the title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style. You must use at least five scholarly sources (three of which must be found in the Ashford University Library) other than the textbook to support your claims. Cite your sources in text and on the reference page. For information regarding APA samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center. Writing the Final Paper The Final Paper: 1. Must be eight to ten double-spaced pages in...
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...Spiral of Inequality' (1996). Krugman believes corporate greed, the decline of organized labor and changes in the way goods are produced are the causes of the growing social and economic inequality in the United States (Anderson, 2003). There is an unspoken general agreement in America that certain occupations deserve higher wages and more respect. Professions, such as physicians, lawyers, athletes and actors, are held in high esteem, whereas custodians, waitresses and trash collectors are considered professions that are not worthy of respect or praise and require minimal skill or intelligence. America most definitely needs skilled physicians and lawyers, but it also needs custodians, trash collectors and others who perform much needed tasks in order for society to thrive and function properly. Due to declining wages in the United States, the inequality of wealth and income is growing (Marshall, 1998). The minimum wage in America has not kept up to the cost of living or median wage (Acs & Gallagher, 2000). A large percentage of working Americans live in poverty. In fact, the gap between the wealthy and poor is greater now than at any time since World War II. The gap between...
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...Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing for Outsourced Employee Iman Nuraprianto GLS 470 – 12TW1 Jennifer Zoller Southern New Hampshire University December 8, 2012 Abstract Outsourcing is contracting with an outside party (vendor) to do a particular function. Basically, the function being outsourced is considered non-core to the business. This paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing for outsourced employee. The advantages of outsourcing are more experiences, opportunity to get expertise in particular job, and manageable time & planning to the next job. In contrast, disadvantages of outsourcing are low salaries, poor employee benefits and uncertainty for continuing job. This paper describes, even though outsourcing discriminates outsourced employee, there are some benefits for outsourced employee. Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing for Outsourced Employee What is the definition of outsourcing? According to Caruth, L. & Caruth, D., “Outsourcing is the process of contracting with an outside party (vendor) to perform company functions that were previously perform in-house” (2010). Outsourcing has been used by company in difference sector businesses, such as retail, manufacturing, information technology, banking & finance. Medforth argued that “outsourcing support a company to change magnitude in almost every aspects: increase in profits, productivity, business value, business performance...
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...COR 160 Essential Academic Writing Skills Individual Assignment 01 (January 2011 Presentation) Prepared by: *Lee Kuan Liang (Y1114698 ) Focus: Overall Comments Dear Student, While you have made a reasonably good effort at writing the Personal Response, you may consider working on improving your Summary. Some specific remarks discussing the good points and the comparatively weaker areas in your paper are marked below for your consideration. Additionally, we have noted some areas of text where language and/or grammar issues exist. Some pertinent language errors have been marked in blue font on your paper using the legend shown below. Please go through the paper to identify and correct any other similar errors. Noun: (n.) Pronoun: (pro.) Verb: (vb.) Preposition: (prep.) Articles: (art.) Spelling: (sp.) Punctuation: (punc.) Word Choice: (wc.) Sentence Structure: (ss.) Reference: COR 160 Essential Academic Writing Skills Question 1 (Summary) (It is a good idea to start by giving a clear picture to the readers as to what this summary is all about and where it comes from—i.e., the article and author details. You could also mention here that this article describes the struggles of migrant domestic workers (DWs) in Asia and the Middle East, to set the context correctly.) In the continent of Asia and (art.: the) Middle East, nearly one quarter of the migrant population is migrant (delete/redundant) domestic workers. During the...
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...Urban Housing Markets in China Yongzhou Hou Stockholm 2009 Report 88 Building and Real Estate Economics Department of Real Estate and Construction Management Royal Institute of Technology Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan © Yongzhou Hou 2009 Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Building & Real Estate Economics Department of Real Estate and Construction Management SE – 100 44 Stockholm Printed by Tryck & Media, Universitetsservice US-AB, Stockholm ISSN 1104-4101 ISRN KTH/BFE/M-09/88-SE ISBN 978-91-977302-5-9 Abstract This thesis focuses on problems of prices and risks in the housing markets of urban China. What drives the dynamics of housing prices across regions is not only of great interest for academic researchers but also of first importance for policy makers. It is also interesting to pay attention to the issue of housing bubbles at a city level and risk allocations from an institutional view. To address the issues, the thesis applies both qualitative and econometric approaches in analyzing the urban housing markets of China. The first paper reviews articles mainly published in Chinese core journals. The existing studies are mainly concerned with such six topics as institutions, policy, land, finance, price and market. The first three topics involve the public housing allocation system reform, such fiscal and monetary tools as tax and interest rate, and the land reserve system. The housing finance treats such subjects of mortgages, bubbles and financial systems...
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...May 28 Women were regarded as a minority group in early society, and although discrimination toward women is illegal now, there still are some difficulties that women face in the workplace. This article, written by Carol P. Harvey and Deborah L. Larsen, is titled “ Women In Leadership Positions: Why Aren’t They There Yet?”. The thesis of this article is that women in leadership positions struggle under the stereotype of gender expectations. To illustrate, the authors develop some differences between males and females, and discuss stereotypes of gender; at the end they explore possible reasons why women have difficulties in the workforce. At the very beginning of this article, the author gives us a chain of statistics and indicates a fact that the percentage of female representative roles, such as CEO, and Board members, are inferior to the percentage of males. Then the authors refer to a stereotype called “horizontally segregate” and ”vertical segregate”, which means either a field the women put themselves in women dominant workplaces or men are more likely promoted than women respectively. These concepts caused an unchangeable wage gap in female and male, seventy-seven cent to one dollar on average. Accordingly, the author looks to gender differences and gives a main idea that “Males tend to use a more transactional leadership style while females tend to use more transformational one.”(p.133) The stereotype of females being sensitive, emotional and unassertive is taken...
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...Breonna Imus 11-09-2015 EN 101 F Thesis: In America the land of the free and home of the “American Dream”, were everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed in life, males are treated with more equality than women. In 2012 only four percent of CEO’s for the fortune 1000 companies were women. That means out of one thousand people only fifty-one of them were female and nine hundred and forty-nine of them were male. From a sociological stand point it is believed that this occurs because of the glass ceiling theory. The glass ceiling is the unseen, yet unbreakable barrier that keeps women from rising to the upper rings of the corporate ladder, regardless of their qualifications or achievements, because those jobs are thought of as male oriented. However if you look at the opposite effect in the glass escalator and look at males taking jobs in predominantly female oriented positions rise higher and faster in their profession than their female counter parts in male dominated carriers.(Bellenger) What about qualifications however? Is it not possible that those men have more skill and education for those carriers? Actually no. Women have been found to go to college more than men do. (Forbes) In America the pay gap between men and women is atrocious as women make only seventy-seven cents to the dollar. “In 2012, the median earnings of American women working full time year-round were $37,791. American men earned a median income of $49,398.”(Bassett) In predominantly female work trades...
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... Based in Beaverton, Oregon, Nike had been a corporate success story for more than three decades. It was a sneaker company, but one armed with an inimitable attitude, phenomenal growth, and the apparent ability to dictate fashion trends to some of the world’s most influential consumers. Selling a combination of basic footwear and street-smart athleticism, Nike pushed its revenues from a 1972 level of $62,000 to a startling $49 million in just ten years. Many researchers believe that Nike went in decline due to two reasons: Michael Jordan’s final retirement and the slowing economy. Another aspect of Nike that has brought a negative image upon them is the negative accusations of exploiting foreign child labor with lower wage. Poor labor conditions and low wages have been an issue for many years, and are still present in 2011.In the 1980s and 1990s, Nike had been plagued by a series of labor incidents and public relations nightmares: underage workers in Indonesian plants, allegations of coerced overtime in China, dangerous working conditions in Vietnam. For a while, the stories had been largely confined to labor circles and activist publications, until a young female worker had died in a Nike contracting factory in 1997, the labor conditions at Nike had hit the mainstream. Nike has differentiated itself from its competitors were not so much its shoes as its strategy. First, the company would shave costs by outsourcing all manufacturing. There would be no in-house contracting factories...
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...Lane Kenworthy in Chapter Two of his book, Jobs with Equality, lays out a various reasons why one should care about inequality. Kensworth, however, spends a bulk of the chapter discussing the results of inequality based on some data in addition to a host of speculative ideas that should make the reader more interested and focused on inequality in their society. The excerpt does focus heavily on the lowest income brackets in society making the distinction between poverty and inequality difficult to identify. While he demonstrates through survey data that people are concerned about inequality, his findings support the notion that individuals should care about low equality because as the top earners have gotten wealthier, the percent of the population in poverty. Kenworthy struggles to put forward an argument that shows how greater inequality is detrimental to economic growth. Kenworthy write that, “ high levels of inequality may be viewed by those at the middle and bottom of the income distribution as excessively unfair, thereby reducing worker motivation and workplace cooperation” (16). While this statement may sound like a plausible effect of high inequality, Kenworthy is only speculating and not supporting his statement with specific data. Could it be possible that due to inequality those in the lower classes have a greater incentive to work because they know that if they receive a promotion, their salary will grow substantially? This variable would also be quite difficult...
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