In: Social Issues
...Vulnerable Populations- Somalia Refugees Vulnerable Populations- Somalia Refugees Referred to as the ‘Horn of Africa’, Somalia is located on the eastern tip of the continent of Africa. Somalia is bordered by Kenya to the southwest, Yemen to the north, and Ethiopia to the west, and a prosperous boating region on the Indian Ocean. Before it was inhabited by foreign countries, it has only been close to being a thriving country. History World states, “The land of Somali people, much of it arid and inhospitable, has for thousands of years been close to civilization and international trade,” (Gascoigne, 2010). Which means only within reach, but the bad luck started before the Somali War even had a chance to affect the outcome of Somali culture. All the areas surrounding Somalia became bustling with civilization and substantial living, including Saba, where the Queen of Sheba was originated, and even Ethiopia where the Aksum kingdom erected before the 6th century B.C. The boating district is and has always been bustling because it is halfway to India for trade. For the people of Somalia times have always been grueling. With initial conflicts between three countries, Somalia has always been in turmoil. The French, the British and the Italians fought to gain leadership and earn ownership of Somali land. Reaching an agreement the Italians signed the Treaty of Uccialliin over the largest part of coastal Somalia with the Ethiopians. However, with greed and violence arising with......
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...stability and external relations with other nations. Most often, Western powers to aid states with failing democratic systems or nations that are strategic allies in certain regions of the world. For Western powers, it is important to promote the ideals of Democracy, and assist other nations deemed as crucial to Democracy’s development. Democracies and its expansion are vital for several reasons Democratic nations foster peace and stability. Following World War II, the United States believed it was imperative to sustain and support Western Europe. At the time Western Europe was facing the encroachment of the Soviet Union and its communist ideologies. The United States saw its support for Western Europe as essential in order to preserve their alliance, and most importantly to continue strengthening and expanding democratic ideals. However, as of the past twenty years, when it comes sub-Saharan Africa, Western nations are not nearly as concerned about a states internal or external stability. For example, countries such as Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, and many other sub-Saharan countries are in utter turmoil, but the West has turned a blind eye. The burden now falls on organizations like the United Nations, Organization of African Unity, and other non-for profits to create solutions for the growing problems in Africa. Without any intervention from the more powerful Western states, they have seemingly forsaken the belief in direct support of and instead left Africa’s problems to be......
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...The Somali Conflict: Finding a Solution for Lasting Peace in the Horn of Africa The Civil War in Somalia History of the Somali Conflict The colonial territories of Somalia and Somaliland joined to for m the Somali Republic under the East African nation’s first constitution in 1960, marking the first time that the territories enjoyed independence from foreign colonial rule since the 1880’s. Unfortunately, political strife and tension was present even at the time of the country’s formation. Prior to colonial rule, the two territories were governed by a highly decentralized form of pastoral rule, consisting of large clans of nomadic and agricultural familial units (Ahmed 1999, 114). It has been argued that the incompatibility of such a decentralized form of governance with a highly centralized Western-style governmental structure is the fundamental driving force behind the ongoing political conflicts, formations of factions, and civil war in Somalia (Ahmed 1999, 115). Indeed, centralized government was not successful in the fledgling African country. By 1969, less than a decade after its inception, the Somali government was taken over in a swift and virtually bloodless military coup led by the commander of the Somali Army, Major General Mohamed Siad Barre (Linke 2011, 47). Upon seizing power, Barre quickly dissolved the country’s parliament and court system, suspended the constitution, and constructed a military dictatorship based largely on Marxist principles......
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...are very interested in knowing more about. This essay will give a brief history of Somalia (Fatima’s home country), and then it will go into female genital cutting in Somalia. Somalia is a country in eastern Africa. The countries of Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Kenya surround it. Somalis are thought to have been decedents from Africans and Arab people. The main languages in Somalia are Arabic, Italian and English. Islam is practiced through out the region. The majorities of Somalis are livestock herders and cultivate the land that they have. (www.cia.gov). Somalia became independent and its own country in 1960, when it got independence from England and Italy. Somalia has not had a stable government between 1991 and 2000. However, during 2000 a parliamentary government was formed but later on expired in 2003. In 2004, a new parliament was organized and a president was elected- Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed. Since 1991, Somalia has been overwhelmed with chaos and anarchy. Somalia had gone through a difficult time in 1992 when a drought happened in Africa and was combined with a civil war. Somalia went through an intense famine that killed approximately 300,000 people. (www.cia.gov). There were many efforts done by the United Stated and the United Nations to help Somalia get through the drought and civil war. However, there was a negative reaction from some Somalis with “outside intervention”. In 2006, Somalia went through its worst outbreak of violence in 10 years. The fights were......
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...DEDICATION Dedicated to the 49 journalist killed in Somalia since 1992 and all those facing constant dangers across the world as they carry out their duties. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work would not have been accomplished without the help of many individuals who shared their insights, experience and time with me. I am grateful indebted for their support and I would like to express my special thanks to: Special dedication to my supervisor and my Personal Tutor at Leicester University Mr Pawas Bisht for his guidance and invaluable advice and constant encouragement. Andy Kapadia who was a helpful and perfect liaison between me and the university. I would not have made it this far without Mr Pawas and Andy’s help. I would also like to thank Mr Kamwaro of The Standard Library and Eric Njoka of Daily Nation’s for the cooperation they accorded me during the long hours I spent at their libraries. This work would have made no sense with the input of The Daily Nation Newspaper’s news editor Eric Shimoli and Senior reporter John Ngirach as well as the Standard’s Foreign Editor Andrew Kipkemboi and Senior reporter Cyrus Ombati. Through candid interviews these respected journalists gave me invaluable information. Finally I would like to express special thanks to all the other people, whose names are not listed here, for their help and willingness to explain their opinion, and to share their stories. ABSTRACT The study is a content analysis of The Daily Nation and......
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...1. INTRODUCTION The horrors of Somalia, Angola and the Congo (present day Democratic Republic of Congo) made the new challenges that the present day United Nations faces easier to confront, as they highlighted the glaring weaknesses that riddled the early days of peacekeeping. The UN was portrayed as a vulnerable institution without a spine which could not enact strong and effective policies to deal with interventions, and it was this view which led me to look at the three most decisive UN interventions conducted on the African continent since its inception. The interventions in Angola , Somalia and Congo , were all conducted at different stages of the UN’s reign , and as such they help paint a clearer image on how far the organisation has come from post-World War II , through the Cold War to the present day. A major tool of the UN in its unprecedented efforts has been its UN Charter , within which it manifests its principles and goals clearly and concisely, and it is through this framework that it has conducted itself in every UN peacekeeping mission. The Charter is the working document of the UN as it follows its guidelines in a diligent and stringent manner. However, this stance has led to it being exploited by more cunning leaders, or even finding itself in the complex situation of being tempted to disobey the Charter, due to its limiting and constraining nature. In this essay, I will focus primarily on a combination of all the approaches used in writing essays .As......
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...cultivation and Tomato yellow leaf curl disease in Somalia. It presents the research problem and hypothesis and set objectives as well as the limitations of the study and its significance to the academic writers and to the university. Chapter One General Introduction 1.1Origin of Tomato Cultivation in Somalia All basic cultivated plants were probably derived from wild species. Cultivated plants have undergone extensive modifications from their wild prototypes as a result of the continuous efforts to improve them. The difference between cultivated and wild types are largely in their increased usefulness to humans, due to such factors as yield, quality and reduced shattering of seeds. Through the centuries, people selected from many thousands of plant species the few were most satisfactory to their needs and which, at the same time, were amenable to culture. Primitive people were masters in making these selections, and modern times have added little of basic importance. There is a scientific hypothesis that in order to find where a food crop originated in the world, you should look for the area where there is the most diversity of that crop growing in the wild. Applying this idea to the tomato, scientists conclude the mountains of Peru in North America were the birth place of tomato. Keep in mind that there are wild types of tomato, very resemble to the current cherry type (Yaanyo miroodle), and still grown in our country, Somalia, but the above mentioned......
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...and this is what I have to say. The Oromo people live in the Oromo and tigray areas as well as in Kenya(which part of Ethiopia is Oromo and Tigray regions?) But the Oromo people were originally from south Somalia (Where is your resource). Later on they migrated to Ethiopia and Kenya. Now the Oromo people live in what they call the Oromo country also known as biyya-Oromo. The Oromo people lived strictly by culture. But they are now coming out of that little shell(What is that mean) and opening the door to civilization (how did they live in earlier time, explain). Were (where) their language is slowly mixing with the Amharic language. The Oromo people use to live in small muddy tukuls, made of poop and straw, but are now slowly changing their way of life.(Can u write a little bit how this small muddy tukules made, the steps) They now have phones and electronics in their language even the internet offers that language. (Tutiye You need to write more about their culture, what most of them eat, The Oromo people believed in god waaq (Upper Case). (What is Waaq explain the ceremony) Elaburate more what it is) Waaq was on of those gods that existed in the Oromo tribe and also Somalia a while before the introduction of the Islam and Christian religion. In the Oromo and Somalia tribes no idols were worshiped except for waaq. Waaq was apparently very important to the Oromo tribe. When it comes to jobs the Oromo people still need some work and it is important that all......
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...IRAQ FINAL PAPER Events in Iraq have prompted some people on the left to make comparisons to the American experience in the Vietnam War. These people argue that the United States has put itself into an in-extractable “quagmire” from which there is no feasible withdrawal. This type of reasoning by historical comparison is not wise because no two historical events are completely alike. In the case of Iraq and Vietnam, extreme caution should be exercised in comparing two wars so far apart in historical circumstances, geography, and time. It becomes pretty obvious that the differences between the two conflicts greatly outnumber the similarities. This is especially true in the strategic and military dimensions of the two wars. There is simply no comparison between the environment, the scale of military presence, losses incurred over time, the quality of enemy resistance, the role and scope of enemy allies, and the duration of open warfare style combat. There are, however, two political parts of the Iraq and Vietnam wars that are similar in nature: our attempts at nation-building in a foreign culture, and our trying to sustaining domestic popular support in a long and drawn out war against insurgents. Policymakers should have an understanding of the reasons for U.S. political failure in South Vietnam, as well as for the Johnson and Nixon administrations’ failure to sustain popular support for the accomplishment of U.S. military objectives in Vietnam. A repeat of those......
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...concepts regarding human life or culture, or in simpler terms the core beliefs and customs of a group, for example the culture of democracy and capitalism in the majority of the western world. The current conflict in Syria can be regarded as contemporary as it is occurring in present day, but although the origin, how the conflict started, is due to the radicalist ideology of the ISIS islamic group, ideology in general cannot be regarded as the sole cause of all contemporary conflicts. On the 7th of October 2001, under a month after the infamous 9/11 attacks in Manhattan, the USA conducted their first airstrikes on targets in Afghanistan. The ‘War on Terror’ came after the Taliban Afghan government refused to hand over Osama Bin Laden and other Al-Qaeda leaders to the wrath of the US court system, demanding the USA give evidence of Bin Laden and other’s involvement and if so, they would be tried in an Islamic Court in Afghanistan. This conflict has been arguably the largest contemporarily, and the effects of 9/11 are still fully visible in today’s society, but it ultimately originated from a religious standpoint. Bin Laden announced a Jihad, or Holy War, against the United States with documents signed in 1998, calling for the killing of American citizens, due to the US’s support of conflicts against Muslims in various parts of the world including Somalia, Israel and Iraq. The example of one of the largest wars since World War 2 as being a war not originated from conflicting......
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...“I am one or two days away from death; they will shoot me dead, thus if you give birth to a son please name him after me.” ----An Eritrean victim of human trafficking from The Sinai Desert INTRODUCTION This paper examines the issue of human trafficking as it relates to human security in the Horn of Africa. Trafficking takes place by criminal means through the threat or use of force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of positions of power or abuse of positions of vulnerability. Further, it relates to all stages of the trafficking process: recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of person. An agreed definition of human trafficking exists under Article 3 of the “Palermo Protocol” on trafficking in persons which went into effect on 25 December 2003. This internationally agreed definition focuses on exploitation of human beings – be it for sexual exploitation, other forms of forced labor, slavery, servitude, or for the removal of human organs. Trafficking is not just a transnational crime across international borders; the definition applies to internal domestic trafficking of human beings. In the Horn of Africa (HOA), both cross border and internal trafficking of women and children is prevalent. For example, in Ethiopia, children are being trafficked into armed conflict where it is reported that over 20,000 of them have been victims. Almost all of the countries in the region have been identified as sources, transit points or......
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...1. “I was persuaded to stop writing that book. I started it four more times during the next twenty years. On each occasion, my decision to begin again was influenced by current world events: the U.S. invasion of Panama in 1989, the first Gulf War, Somalia, the rise of Osama bin Laden. However, threats or bribes always convinced me to stop. In 2003, the president of a major publishing house that is owned by a powerful international corporation read a draft of what had now become Confessions of an Economic Hit Man. He described it as "a riveting story that needs to be told." Then he smiled sadly, shook his head, and told me that since the executives at world head-quarters might object, he could not afford to risk.” The statement above was very appealing to me, I think it is because my family is constantly talking about how twisted our government truly is. The fact that there was something to hide so they persuaded him to stop writing it makes me realize how intimidating they must be. And then how he talk about all the wars, invasions, and other twisted things he was discussing made some one scared to publish the book even though they believe he needed to be said. 2. “This book is the confession of a man who, back when I was an EHM, was part of a relatively small group. People who play similar roles are more abundant now. They have more Euphemistic titles, and they walk the corridors of Monsanto, General Electric, Nike, General Motors, Wal-Mart, and nearly every other......
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...The most interesting in my life is coming to America and learning English at the first time because my country Somalia has war going on and there is no peace. But in America there is no war and but peace. Also coming to this new place where you don’t understand the culture and the language is hard because this new place is not your home but you have to use to it and work hard to achieve your goal and make yourself educate so in the future you can find work and people who understand what you are saying. When I first came to United States I did not know anything in this place called Syracuse even the weather so different because where I came from don’t have changing weather. But Syracuse was beautiful place and my family did not know people who speak our language. The houses were different just like I imagine. What I mean “different” is the place I came from was refugee camp and Syracuse is the big city where your dreams come true if you never saw big house, apartment, or white person I am not being races but I always see dark people not white people. It was interesting seeing these new things that I never saw in my whole life. Also I still love my country and now that I am use it in Syracuse it is my second home. When I first start going to school I struggled a lot because I did not had a pervious knowledge of English language. Somehow I give a lot of time and try to learn English but some people make fun of me because the way I speak and some of the......
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...INTRODUCTION The historical relationship with African countries is fundamentally different for traditional and new donors, or Western donors and China. In contrast to Western donors, China never had a presence as a colonizer in Africa. To the contrary, China played the role of a supporter in the struggle for independence of African countries. This is highlighted by a lot of Africans, particularly in response to Western criticism of China. Some Africans feel that the reactions from the West arise because Westerners fear competition from China. Consequently Western objections to China’s way of dealing with Africa, is not perceived as a result of concern for African countries, but a protection of Western political and economic interests on the African continent. The Chinese emphasize that their engagement with Africa is in fact South-South cooperation, and that it should be beneficial to both China and Africa. Rather than emphasizing its role as a donor to African countries, China considers its engagement to be a mutual benefit, leading to win-win results. Chinese aid is mainly invested in infrastructure such as roads, railways, buildings, monuments etc. This is generally very welcomed in African countries where infrastructure is often seriously underdeveloped. Many of the infrastructure projects are implemented to facilitate trade. Although all of the countries in cooperation with China are receiving some sort of aid, the size and form of the aid inflows vary. China does not......
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...LONG AGO AND NOT TRUE ANYWAY BLOGGING ABOUT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, POLITICS AND LIVING WITH DISEASE. SUNDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2005 Four Fallacies of African Development Someone called Chris has placed a comment below my last little piece on aid and conditionality and, as is sometimes the case when he resists his impulse to troll, he has made some almost-sensible points. Or at least, points that have had much currency in the mainstream media and debates about international development. So I thought I’d take the time to discuss them here. In his post Chris wrote: ...the fact remains, Africa's problems are by and large internal…True, agricultural subsidies must be lifted by the US and the EU, but simply throwing aid money at the problem will ultimately come to no good. After all, even when African countries do possess sources of great wealth--diamonds in Sierra Leone and oil in Nigeria, for instance--those resources often end up being a curse on95% of the respective country's populace. On the other hand, a few nations have done better through internal improvements; Botswana is often cited as an example of this, but their 40% Aids rate--definitely attributable to rampant sexual activity--is impossible to overlook. Encapsulated in this spiel are what could be termed ‘the four great fallacies of the Africa Debate’. I’ll attend to each of these in turn. Fallacy 1 - Africa’s problems are by in large internal There’s no denying that some of Africa’s problems are......
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