... Booker T. Washington was one of the most influential African Americans in history. Raised the son of a slave mother, Washington was self- motivated and committed to his own education from a young age. The tumultuous time in America’s history during which he lived afforded him new freedoms that came from Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and the eventual success of the North in the Civil War.[1] He took the first opportunity to attend a formal school, Hampton Institute, which led to professorship and the founding of one of the most prestigious African American educational institutions of the nineteenth century, Tuskegee Institute in Alabama.[2] When the Civil War ended in 1865, many newly freed black Americans sought education at all levels. But there were few trade schools or public schools that they were allowed to enroll in.[3] Among the first black colleges to meet the need was Tuskegee University, established in 1881.[4] Booker T. Washington was born a slave on a plantation five years before the Civil War began, near Hales Ford, Virginia, on James Burroughs’s plantation in 1856. The slaves on the Burroughs’ farm learned that they were free in spring of 1865. Booker had survived chattel slavery and the Civil War.[5] He moved with his mother and siblings to Charleston, West Virginia to join his step-father, a Union Army veteran.[6] Washington was called only Booker during his early youth and added the name Washington when he entered elementary...
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...Acacia James Professor Beatty Intro to African American Studies I December 8, 2015 For my African American site visit I chose to attend The African American Civil War Museum. I chose to attend this museum because I had previously thought I had been to this museum before. However, I realized I hadn’t and wanted thought this was a memorial that was important to see. I also realized that I had been to the American Civil War Museum in Richmond so I found it essential that I attend the African American Civil War Museum which is in walking distance from my residence. Our trip to the museum was an interesting one. Upon our arrival we noticed a monument outside however, we could not find a way into the museum. We were close to giving up until we decided to enter a store and ask an employee. Even though we were still confused leaving the store, we realized that we had to walk through an arch to get to the museum. The museum was located behind another building in what could be mistaken for an alleyway. This was something I found upsetting. I don’t want to be conspiracy theorists, but I really had to deeply question why the museum had to be located in such an area that encourages people to not want to find it. Nonetheless, I was very pleased that we found our way there and were on the way to gain more knowledge. Not to my surprise, the museum was empty aside from employees. I feel like if the museum was located in a better place perhaps there would be an increase in its attendance...
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...The Impact of Slavery on American Society DeVry University Abstract The subject of slavery has been the focus of a variety of controversies, debates, and protests throughout American history. Besides the Civil War era there has not been another time in history when slavery has been such a volatile topic as it has become in the last half decade. Even in modern day America the subject of slavery evokes significant discussions and has influenced legislative decisions such as the recent removal of the Confederate flag from South Carolina’s State House grounds and other government and public locations throughout the South. This paper seeks to review the literature attaching the history of slavery and present examples of the ethnic and cultural contributions that aided in the growth and diversity of America. It will also introduce examples of today’s societal issues including educational, economic, and social variances; the right to support cultural heritage; and the significant role history plays in influencing decisions made in America today. Introduction American history is filled with heinous acts that many would like to forget happened; slavery is no exception. Although it was a necessity of the times, slavery is undoubtedly one of the most volatile topics of discussion today; not just because of the inhuman and discriminatory treatment that was inflicted on an entire race, but also because of the perceived continued existence of some of those same...
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...A Solution: Urban Chaos in Cairo What is known today as the Greater Cairo Region is in fact a combination of a number of neighbouring cities and governorates (including Cairo, Giza, Helwan, Qalyubia and 6th of October. Since the first establishment in the region, Al- Fustat in 641 AD, Cairo was in continuous growth. The numerous and different reigns over Egypt since the establishment of Cairo, different Islamic periods, Ottoman, French, English until the revolution in 1952, have led to the inconsistency in development and urban planning which gave rise to cumulative problems. During the course of the last fifty years, the population of Cairo has increased dramatically as a result of high birth rates and large rural-urban migration from other parts of the country (Yousry and Aboul Atta). Currently Cairo is considered one of the biggest cities in the world with a population averaging at 14-15 million (Sims, 2003). The fast and continued increase in the population has been a major urban challenge that the city encountered. Today, the urban landscape of the Greater Cairo Region (GCR) is somewhat unclear: main built up, dense areas are surrounded by a number of satellite settlements at the periphery, but most importantly occupied by infinite unplanned and random constructions in the core and surroundings of the city. Informal settlements, that are named after their informal legal condition, gradually, but rapidly, took over a large area of Cairo’s landscape and crawled over agricultural...
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...the day Thomas Jefferson wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence (that was in June 1776). Or the date on which the Declaration was delivered to Great Britain (that didn't happen until November 1776). Or the date it was signed (that was August 2, 1776). So what did happen on July 4, 1776? The Continental Congress approved the final wording of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. They'd been working on it for a couple of days after the draft was submitted on July 2nd and finally agreed on all of the edits and changes. July 4, 1776, became the date that was included on the Declaration of Independence, and the fancy handwritten copy that was signed in August (the copy now displayed at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.) It’s also the date that was printed on the Dunlap Broadsides, the original printed copies of the Declaration that were circulated throughout the new nation. So when people thought of the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 was the date they remembered. In contrast, we celebrate Constitution Day on September 17th of each year, the anniversary of the date the Constitution was signed, not the anniversary of the date it was approved. If we’d followed this same approach for the Declaration of Independence we’d being celebrating Independence Day on August 2nd of each year, the day the Declaration...
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...Gun Control Laws and Law Enforcement Gun Control Laws and Law Enforcement When a large structure such as the Washington monument is created, the nation remember the names of the people who constructed it. However, people do not remember the hammers that carved the stone. In today’s society when an active shooting takes place the tool is always blamed and receives most of the blame instead of the shooter. Politicians then look for ways to put laws into place to attack the issue. The gun laws being put in place effect a law enforcement officers' job in many ways. Laws get created in states requiring law enforcement to enforce, what I consider to be an unconstitutional attack on the second amendment. The debate on gun control has been going on for years, and it has become more of an issue within the past couple of months. Due to the recent active shootings President Obama has stated that there needs to be stricter gun laws to help lower the gun-crime rates in the United States. Citizens have owned guns for centuries and taking away their rights now because of people committing killing rampages would be unconstitutional. The crime rates are where they are today because of the choices people are making with a gun, and are not caused because someone simply owns a gun. The reaction is legislature that forces police officers to reestablish what the meaning of the second amendment means. Examples are laws that require officers to confiscate guns because a persons weapon...
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...Famous Thinkers Scott Rheingold PHL/458 October 8th, 2012 Jessica Blair Famous Thinkers For my paper the two great thinkers that I chose to write about are Doctor Martin Luther King, Jr., and Jean-Paul Sartre. These two distinctly different men were born in different countries 24 years apart. Jean-Paul Sartre was born in Paris, France in 1905 and Doctor King was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1929. Jean-Paul Sartre was a philosopher and invented the anti-hero of modern literature. This is defined as “the suffering consciousness who does not act but who hides within his ego, disgusted by the obscene reality of external things (La Nausee, 1938). He also advocated the moral posture of existentialism. This philosophy is based on the self and takes precedence over moral code and custom in which others have a voice. His philosophy paints a portrait of the predicament we are placed in by self-consciousness in the world of objects. True to his existentialist views, Jean-Paul Sartre won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1964, but declined the honor. Doctor King, on the other hand was a social activist, specializing in civil rights. He grew up in the segregated South and received his Doctorate at Boston University in 1955. His exposure to the liberated North provided the motivation to fight segregation back home. Doctor King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his civil rights work. The political environment for Jean-Paul Sartre was...
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.... ] Breaking the Book Known as Q Readers, in fact, never confront abstract, idealized texts detached from any materiality. ey hold in their hands or perceive objects and forms whose structures and modalities govern their reading or hearing, and consequently the possible comprehension of the text read or heard. —Roger Chartier O let my books be then the eloquence . . . —“23” Shake-speares Sonnets I COLEMAN HUTCHISON is a PhD candidate in the Department of English at Northwestern University. He is completing a dissertation entitled “Revision, Reunion, and the American Civil War Text.” N THE FIRST SENTENCE OF HER ART OF SHAKESPEARE’S SONNETS, Helen Vendler tells a little white lie: “I have reprinted both the 1609 quarto Sonnets and a modernized version of my own” (xiii). e crux of this declaration is “reprinted.” Vendler does indeed print a version of the 1609 quarto—or “Q,” as it is referred to bibliographically; one could even say that she “reprints” the type of the quarto. Vendler does not, however, “reprint” the 1609 quarto Sonnets. Like nearly every modern editor before her, Vendler presents the poems as discrete units on a page, eliding and ignoring the page breaks that so o en—and, I will argue, so meaningfully—interrupt the poems. In “reprinting” these poems, Vendler uses a de cut-and-paste method to rearrange, re-member, and reconstitute the type of the 1609 quarto into uninterrupted material units, into what we would visually recognize as “sonnets.” e...
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...Washington University Law Review Volume 1962 Issue 3 Symposium: The City in History by Lewis Mumford January 1962 Some Observations on Lewis Mumford’s “The City in History” David Riesman Follow this and additional works at: http://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview Part of the Land Use Planning Commons Recommended Citation David Riesman, Some Observations on Lewis Mumford’s “The City in History”, 1962 Wash. U. L. Q. 288 (1962). Available at: http://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol1962/iss3/2 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact digital@wumail.wustl.edu. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON LEWIS MUMFORD'S 'THE CITY IN HISTORY' DAVID RIESMAN* For a number of years I have not had any time to undertake book reviews but I feel so keenly the importance and excitement of Mumford's work, and my own personal debt to that work, that I wanted to contribute to this symposium even if I could not begin to do justice to the task. What follows are my only slightly modified notes made on reading selected chapters of the book-notes which I had hoped to have time to sift and revise for a review. I hope I can give some flavor of the book and of its author and invite readers into the corpus of Mumford's...
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...What is economic? Economic is a study of how people make choices among the alternatives. Since the resources that are available to world are very scarce, it is important to study economic in order to make the best choice that can maximize the total profits. Real life cases are the best examples for studying economic concepts. In this paper, there are three real life cases that illustrate economic concepts base on the Case in Point boxes from the Course Reader. The first case will define the economic concepts: choice, scarcity, and cost. The second case will describe how the stock market puts supply and demand to work. The last case will present the effects can be caused by private and external costs. Case in Point: Chapter 1.1-Defining Economics; Section 1-Scarcity, Choice, and Cost What Is Wrong With The Oil Productions? Why is oil harmful? Petroleum or oil had come to the existence about four thousand years ago. Oil is now one of the required resources for every day's activities. For instance, products like mechanical engines, cars, cooking, tar for roads, etc. needs oil to function. Even though oil has many choices of how it can be produced, it is a scarce resource. As a scarce resource, oil is very limited and cannot be reproduced or recycled. As a result, there are many opportunity costs for producing oil. For instance, one of the opportunity costs for producing oil is a healthy environment. Additionally, money is the most costly opportunity cost for the oil production...
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...Most academic studies of school finance, sooner or later, ask us to consider the same question: 'How can we achieve more equity in education in America?" A variation of the question is a bit more circumspect: “How can we achieve both equity and excellence in education?" Both questions, however, seem to value equity as a desired goal. But, when the recommendations of such studies are examined, and when we look as well at the solutions that innumerable commissions have proposed, we realize that they do not quite mean 'equity" and that they have seldom asked for 'equity." What they mean, what they prescribe, is something that resembles equity but never reaches it: something close enough to equity to silence criticism by approximating justice, but far enough from equity to guarantee the benefits enjoyed by privilege. The differences are justified by telling us that equity must always be "approximate" and cannot possibly be perfect. But the imperfection falls in almost every case to the advantage of the privileged. In Maryland, for instance, one of several states in which the courts have looked at fiscal inequalities between school districts, an equity suit filed in 1978, although unsuccessful, led the state to reexamine the school funding system. When a task force set up by the governor offered its suggestions five years later, it argued that 100 percent equality was too expensive. The goal, it said, was 75 percent equality-meaning that the poorest districts should...
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...340-702, South Korea c Migratory Birds Center of National Park Research Institute, Hongdo, Heuksan, Shinan, Jeonnam 535-916, South Korea d PGA Wetland Ecology Institute, 240-2, Dejang, Deokyang, Goyang City, Gyeonggi 412-250, South Korea e Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 391 Jangmok-myon, Geoje 656-834, South Korea f Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 608-737, South Korea b a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Marine debris Entanglement Ingestion Threatened species Recreational fishing gear a b s t r a c t Over the last decade, marine debris has become a major factor affecting the coastal ecosystem of Korea. This study compiled information regarding how marine debris impacts wildlife in Korea. Cases of marine debris impacting wildlife were collected from experts of various fields and from local participants through an open access website from February 2010 to March 2012. A total of 21 species were affected by marine debris: 18 species of birds, 2 species of mammals, and 1 species of crustacean. Five threatened or protected species were identified: black-faced spoonbill, finless porpoise, water deer, whooper swan, and greater painted snipe. Recreational fishing gears were the types of...
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...(1807T) EPA100-R-03-005 October 2003 www.epa.gov/ innovation/lean.htm Lean Manufacturing and the Environment: Research on Advanced Manufacturing Systems and the Environment and Recommendations for Leveraging Better Environmental Performance ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) and Office of Policy, Economics, and Innovation (OPEI). Ross & Associates Environmental Consulting, Ltd. prepared this report for U.S. EPA under contract to Industrial Economics, Inc. (U.S. EPA Contract # 68-D9-9018). DISCLAIMER The observations articulated in this report and its appendices represent Ross & Associates’ interpretation of the research, case study information, and interviews with lean experts and do not necessarily represent the opinions of the organizations or lean experts interviewed or researched as part of this effort. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) representatives have reviewed and approved this report, but this does not necessarily constitute EPA endorsement of the observations or recommendations presented in this report. Lean Manufacturing and the Environment: Research on Advanced Manufacturing Systems and the Environment and Recommendations for Leveraging Better Environmental Performance Table of Contents Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction This research project serves as culmination to the problem involving the restoration of the Basilica. It seeks to summarize, explain and synthesize several highlights of the topic in dialogue with the assigned texts and other readings; it will force additional research and reflections as an instrument for clarifying, defining and augmenting the author’s understanding of the major issues addressed by the proposal. The scope of the study embraces a solution that will lead the restoration of the Basilica to realities and treat the problems involving its reestablishment. Being a national heritage and considered to be one of the first Roman Catholic churches in the Philippines, it is our objective to restore a historical edifice and preserve its cultural legacy and customs. On October 15, 2013, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake shook Bohol at approximately 8:00 in the morning. It caused millions of worth of casualties, hundreds of families devastated, destroyed numerous properties and damaged many historical landmarks and churches, including the Basilica de Sto. Nino. The earthquake crushed most of the belfry and façade; walls and frescoes are cracked, leaving the church in verge of total wreckage. To prevent an entire loss, propositions involving the repair and rebuilding of the damaged areas are to be provided as well as redesigning of the structure’s stability will furnish its constancy to be able to withstand future disastrous...
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...What is the Unification Church? Symbol of the Unification Church. Rev. and Mrs. Moon praying over an altar in Korea, 1997. Photo: TParents.org. Sun Myung Moon with Richard Nixon at the White House. Photo: US Gov. Reverend and Mrs. Moon conducting the 1992 Blessing Ceremony for 30,000 people in Korea. Photo: TParents.org. Sun Myung Moon with his granddaughter in 2006. Photo: TParents.org. The Unification Church (officially named the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity) is a new religious movement founded by Reverend Sun Myung Moon in Korea in 1954. The Unification Church is a unique interpretation of Christianity that regards Rev. Moon as the Messiah and believes world peace can be attained through the creation of "true families." It is especially known for its mass weddings and seeking of converts. Both the Unification Church and Moon himself have been the source of controversy in Asia and especially the USA. The movement's followers have been dubbed "Moonies" by critics. History Sun Myung Moon was born in 1920 in what is now North Korea. At the time, Korea was under Japanese rule. Moon was raised in thePresbyterian church, one of many faiths persecuted by the Japanese rulers. The political upheavals caused divisions and new movements inKorean Christianity, including a group known as "spiritualists" who received new revelations from God and looked for a Korean messiah. Moon says that on Easter morning at the age of 16, he had a vision in which...
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