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Washinton Consensus

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Submitted By obiyogeorge
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George Obiyo
Varieties of Capitalism
A synthesis essay on Washington Consensus, Ways of achieving a fiscal discipline, Fundamentalism (arguments against), Difference in European Liberalism and A post Washington consensus with empirical evidence on economic development.
A) Washington consensus was a term created in 1989 by an English Economist John Williamson which focused on 10 relatively specific forms of economic policy that could help to promote developing countries that are in economic crisis. It was based in Washing D.C USA by institutions such as the US Treasury Department, World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). Williamson three main idea were based on the Macroeconomic discipline, the development and expansion of market forces around the domestic economy and the high degree of economic openness in and around the world.
The ten policy reforms centers on: 1. Fiscal Policy – Constructive monetary discipline while avoiding a high rate of deficit : with a high deficit it could lead to balance of payment crisis with relatively high inflation that in most cases only affect the poor class as the rich are able to transfer their money overseas 2. Public Expenditures Priorities – The government should be neutral by eliminating or reducing in terms of non-merits subsidies and give more focus to pro-growth and pro-poor way policies example sectors like health, Education and infrastructure. Where health can close the gap between inequalities as the poor can cheaply afford medical care without the need of oversea treatment, Education creates human capital and the Infrastructure brings a long run benefits 3. Tax Reforms -- A situation where the tax based needs a broadening and the marginal tax rate be moderate. 4. Interest Rate –- The financial market of the domestic economy should be liberalized. In other words the market should be left to

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