...DECLARATION The group hereby declares that except for references to other people’s work, which has been acknowledged, this dissertation is the outcome of our own independent investigation under the supervision of Mr. Sumani John Bosco. NAME ID SIGNATURE GYAMFI KINGSLEY KWAKU IDS/3498/06 ………………………….. JEBUNI BERNARD IDS/3548/06 …………………………. SALIA ELIZABETH ZENABU IDS/3794/06 ………………………… YANGFO JACOB IDS/3902/06 ………………………… ZIEM ABRAHAM IDS/3934/06 ………………………… …………………………… Mr. Sumani John Bosco (Supervisor) Date…………………….. DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the parents and relatives of the group members for their love, care, prayers and support. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The group wishes to render its first thanks to the Almighty God without whose divine intervention the work would not have been possible. We also acknowledge the immense contribution of the chiefs, elders and people of Zanko and Sokpayiri communities who contributed in diverse ways to making our research a successful one. The group also...
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...1) Hazardous waste management regulations across the world During the last quarter of the 20th century, important multilateral environmental agreements covering key elements in the "production-to-disposal" management of hazardous chemicals with toxic, persistent, and bio accumulative characteristics, were negotiated. There have been various multinational agreements and initiatives related to chemical production, use, disposal, and reuse.. In addition, a number of important regional multilateral environmental agreements have also been negotiated. Given below are some of the international organizations and programs addressing international chemical and waste hazards. Though not covered in detail, it provides a starting point for investigating...
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...PHILIPPINE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT The Philippines generates about 10,000 million tons of solid waste per year and only 12 percent of the waste is recycled and re-used. The single most dominant issue for solid waste management (SWM) is the inadequacy of disposal facilities. Presently, open dumping is still the most common waste disposal method as controlled dumpsites and sanitary landfills (SLFs) are very limited. The opportunities presented by this serious environmental problem to suppliers of solid waste management products and equipment are enormous. The potential, however, is tempered by inadequate funds and technical capability, lack of political will and other problems. Despite the limitations, the market for SWM is still expected to grow five percent in the next three years. The major end-users of SWM products and equipment are the local government units and their private contractors as well as private proponents of SWM projects. The equipment cost and the source of project funding are major purchase considerations of end-users. Overview Solid waste is an environmental problem that has reached critical proportions in the Philippines. Due to a growing population, rapidly increasing consumption and increasing urbanization, waste generated in the Philippines is estimated at 19,700 tons per day. Projections show that waste generation will increase 47 percent by 2010, or 28,875 tons per day. SWM is the responsibility of local government units...
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...regulate the waste management,plans of program for waste management,rights and obligations of the legal entities for waste collection and individuals related to waste managements,the manner of the conditions for waste collection,transportation,treatment,processing,storage and disposal, waste import,export and transit,mentoring,information system and financing Article 2 Application of the Law The provisions of this law shall apply to all kinds of waste listed in the List of wastes,except to: 1.Radioactive waste 2.Waste generated during research,exploitation,processing and storage of mineral raw materials and the work of quarries 3.Gaseous effluent emitted into the atmosphere 4.Waste water,except liquid waste 5.Animal waste(carcases,manure,excrement etc.),as well as other types of non hazardous materials of natural origin used in agriculture and; 6.Decommissioned explosives and dispersing devices and materials. Article 3 Objectives of the Law The objectives of this Law shall be to provided: 1.Avoidance and reduction to the maximum possible extent of the amount of waste generation 2.Re-use of usable components of the waste 3.Sustainable development through protection and saving natural resources. 4.Prevention of negative impacts of waste on the environment,human lfe and health. 5.Environmentally acceptable waste disposal and; 6.High level protection of the environment,human life and health Article 4 Activity of Public Interest Waste management shall be considered...
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...known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”. Section 2. Declaration of Policies. -- It is hereby declared the policy of the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program which shall: (a) Ensure the protection of public health and environment; (b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of valuable resources and encourage resources conservation and recovery; (c) Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including composing, recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process, and others, before collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and environmentallysound solid waste management facilities in accordance with ecologically sustainable development principles; 2 (d) Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practices in ecological waste management excluding incineration; (e) Promote national research and development programs for improved solid waste management and resource conservation techniques, more effective institutional arrangement and indigenous and improved methods of waste reduction, collection, separation and recovery. (f) Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste management; (g) Retain primary enforcement...
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...J Mater Cycles Waste Manag (2005) 7:1–7 DOI 10.1007/s10163-004-0119-9 © Springer-Verlag 2005 SPECIAL FEATURE: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Material Cycles and Waste Management is Asia (2) Chun-Chao Lin · Chun-hsu Lin What substances or objects should be recycled? The recycling legislative experience in Taiwan Received: October 1, 2004 / Accepted: October 10, 2004 Abstract The legislative framework of waste management in Taiwan has never been efficient, mainly due to unclear definitions and regulations. In 2002, this system was split into two parts by enacting a new law, the Resource Recycling and Re-use Act (RRRA). However, it then became more complicated and recycling effectiveness was impeded. The causes were mainly the unclear definitions, conflicts about the scope, and issues between the RRRA and the Waste Disposal Act (WDA). This article examines the recycling legislation experience in Taiwan, and proposes two modifications for resolving these problems. The first proposal is merging these two acts into one. The second proposed modification maintains a two-system structure but introduces a new subject, “discards,” into the law. The subject of discards is further categorized as “recyclable resources” or “waste,” which correspond to “recycling operations” and “disposal operations,” respectively. The new structures, interfaces, prerequisites, properties, and comparisons are also explained. Key words Waste · Recyclable resources · Discards · Definition Introduction Finding...
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...OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, IKERE – EKITI, EKITI STATE, SOUTH WEST NIGERIA BY IKUDAYISI, Akinola Mayowa Lecturer II, Technical Education Department, College of Education, Ikere – Ekiti ikmayor@yahoo.com +2348035630740 AND BELLO, Rufus Oluwatayo Principal Lecturer, Technical Education Department, College of Education, Ikere – Ekiti Rufusoluwatayobello@gmail.com +2348038814108 ABSTRACT This paper assesses the problem of solid waste management at College of Education, Ikere – Ekiti located in South West Nigeria as an institution. Since solid waste is being generated in the school, it is imperative to make sure they are properly handled in the specified way. Solid waste management is defined as the branch of Solid Waste Engineering associated with waste control of generation, storage, collection and transfer, transportation, processing and disposal of solid waste in a manner that is in accordance with the best principle of Public Health Economics, Engineering Conservation, aesthetics and other environmental consideration. The various problems facing the management of these solid wastes in the College were discussed and appropriate solutions were suggested. INTRODUCTION Waste according to Fantola (1997) can be defined as any material flow pattern that is rejected by the society. Waste according to their state can be either solid or liquid. This paper seems to concentrate on the management of solid waste alone. ...
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...shopping bags made from renewable materials conserve resources by replacing paper and plastic bags. Reusable bags are convenient and come in a variety of sizes, styles and materials. When not in use, some reusable bags can be rolled or folded small enough to fit easily into a pocket. Recycle your plastic bags. If you do end up using plastic bags now and then, be sure to recycle them. Many grocery stores now collect plastic bags for recycling. If yours doesn't, check with your community recycling program to learn how to recycle plastic bags in your area. ---______________________________________________________________________________________________- REPUBLIC ACT 9003 January 26, 2001 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR AN ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, CREATING THE NECESSARY INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND INCENTIVES, DECLARING CERTAIN ACTS PROHIBITED AND PROVIDING PENALTIES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representative of...
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...IMPROPER SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY AT BARANGAY 19, SAMPAGUITA STREET BATANGAS CITY Introduction Solid Waste Management refers to the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solved. The primary sources of solid waste include waste generated in residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial activities. Certain types of wastes that cause immediate danger to exposed individuals or environments are classified as hazardous; these are discussed in the article hazardous-waste management. All nonhazardous solid waste from a community that requires collection and transport to a processing or disposal site is called refuse or municipal solid waste (MSW). Refuse includes garbage and rubbish. Garbage is mostly decomposable food waste; rubbish is mostly dry material such as glass, paper, cloth, or wood. Garbage is highly putrescible or decomposable, whereas rubbish is not. Trash is rubbish that includes bulky items such as old refrigerators, couches, or large tree stumps....
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...An Assessment of Medical Waste Management in Bawku Presbyterian Hospital of the Upper East Region of Ghana. Francis Abugri AKUM, Ghana (MPH, CEMBA, PhD Public Health Student of Texila American University) Email: akumfrancis@gmail.com Mob: +233 244 767 431 Abstract Background Medical waste unlike other ordinary waste poses serious health risk to the handlers, health staff, patients and the community. The area of medical waste management is neglected in most health care facilities in Ghana. The main objective of the study was to assess the Medical Waste management practices in Bawku Presbyterian Hospital of the Upper East Region of Ghana. Methods The study used structured questionnaires, observation checklist and key informant interview guide to collect data from management staff and waste workers. Results It was observed that there was low knowledge about medical waste among waste workers. Medical waste is not segregated, waste containers not coded/labelled, no secured storage area for waste, no budget specifically for medical waste management and no waste management manual in the hospital. Conclusion This study has shown that, waste management in the hospital is poor and has health implications to the handlers, staff, patients and visitors. Keywords: medical waste, Bawku Presbyterian Hospital, waste segregation, waste storage. Introduction Health care services generates waste just like other human activities which has to be managed and dispose...
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...HOUSEHOLD WASTES - CASE STUDY OF ALIMOSHO LOCAL GOVERNMENT (IYANA IPAJA AND ENVIRONS) LAGOS STATE BY ANWULI JOY NWOSU MATRIC NO: 030802060 In Partial Fulfillment for the Award of Master in Environmental Management (MEM) OCTOBER, 2014 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research project on Preparedness of Household waste sorting around Iyana Ipaja and its environs as a case study was done by Joy………… in the department of Chemistry under the supervision of my Project Supervisor. ……………………………………… ……………………………… Prject Supervisor Date ……………………………….. ……………………………………. (HOD, Chemistry Department, Unilag) Date DEDICATION AKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT This study examines the overview and the concepts of household waste sorting – waste prevention, collection, recycling and reuse, followed by household analysis using empirical data. The analysis shows the average mean weight composition of household waste sortingat source ranges from 0.50kg to 0.63kg paper, 2.21kg to 3.29kg putrescibles, 0.85kg to 1.41kg glass, 0.52kg to 0.68 plastic and 0.89kg to 1.20kg cans. The average percentage composition of wastes ranges from 10% paper to 45% putrescibles. From the analysis, there is a low level of household awareness about the preparedness of household waste sorting at source, and hence low level of participation in household waste sorting, disposal and recycling. The study also concludes the need for strengthening the relationship of proper waste management framework...
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...Introduction * Impacts of E-Waste Exports * Concerns About Domestic E-Waste Disposal * E-Waste Management Requirements * Relevant Waste Disposal Requirements * Factors Influencing E-Waste Exporting * Costly and Complex Domestic Recycling * Conclusions Introduction Electronic waste (e-waste) is a term that is used loosely to refer to obsolete, broken, or irreparable electronic devices like televisions, computer central processing units (CPUs), computer monitors (flat screen and cathode ray tubes), laptops, printers, scanners, and associated wiring. Rapid technology changes have led to increasingly large e-waste surpluses. Electronic devices, particularly older units in use today or in storage, contain a host of hazardous constituents such as lead, mercury, or chromium, as well as plastics treated with brominated flame retardants. The presence of these constituents has led to end-of-life (EOL) management concerns from state and federal environmental agencies, environmental organizations, and some Members of Congress. E-waste is essentially unregulated at the federal level—meaning it can be disposed of with common household garbage in municipal solid waste landfills (the primary disposal method) or incinerators. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has stated that landfill disposal of ewaste is safe. However, EPA’s preferred method of EOL management is reuse or recycling. Further, state and local waste management agencies have expressed concerns...
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...Introduction Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management. As long as humans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did. Daily life in industrialized nations can generate several pounds of solid waste per consumer, not only directly in the home, but indirectly in factories that manufacture goods purchased by consumers. Solid waste management is a system for handling all of this garbage; municipal waste collection is solid waste management, as are recycling programs, dumps, and incinerators. To the great benefit of archeology, early solid waste management consisted of digging pits and throwing garbage into them. This created a record of the kinds of lives that people lived, showing things like what people ate, the materials used to make eating utensils, and other interesting glimpses into historic daily life. When human cities began to be more concentrated, however, solid waste management became a serious issue. Houses that did not have room to bury their garbage would throw it into the streets, making a stroll to the corner store an unpleasant prospect. In response, many cities started to set up municipal garbage collection, in the form of rag and bone men who would buy useful garbage from people and recycle it, or waste collection teams which would dispose of unusable garbage. Waste Management Waste management is the collection, transport...
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...through prevention of human contact with the hazards of wastes as well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage or wastewater. Hazards can be either physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of disease. Wastes that can cause health problems include human and animal excreta, solid wastes, domestic wastewater (sewage, sullage, greywater), industrial wastes and agricultural wastes. Hygienic means of prevention can be by using engineering solutions (e.g., sanitary sewers, sewage treatment, surface runoff management, solid waste management, excreta management), simple technologies (e.g., pit latrines, dry toilets, urine-diverting dry toilets, septic tanks), or even simply by personal hygiene practices (e.g., hand washing with soap, behavior change). Providing sanitation to people requires a systems approach, rather than only focussing on the toilet or wastewater treatment plant itself. The experience of the user, waste collection methods, transportation or conveyance of waste, waste treatment, and reuse or disposal all need to be thoroughly considered. DEFINATION OF SANITATION The World Health Organization explains sanitation as follows: "Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces. The word 'sanitation' also refers to the maintenance of hygienic conditions, through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal. Sanitation includes all four of these engineering...
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...manage its waste?” Australians are among the world's largest producers of waste. Each Australian produced about 1 tonne of waste, which goes to landfill every year, with only 4% of waste recycled or re-used. The millions of tonnes of waste disposal into the environment every year are symbolic of our presently unsustainable patterns of production and consumption. The disposal and management of that waste is now an important issue for governments throughout Australia. The volume of waste per person increased from 1,200 kg to 2,100 kg over a ten-year period Waste Management Waste management is one of the geographical issues concerns that arise due to the changes in the environment. Geographical issue surrounding wastes include: the type of waste and the disposed of it and using waste as landfill, which consume large areas of land. In developed countries such as Australia, waste can be directly linked to over consumption of natural resources. The impacts of Waste Management The impacts of waste management are considerable. There are many problems associated with waste that make it a significant environmental issue. Waste that is disposed of in landfills has the potential to contaminate soil and groundwater, and emit greenhouse and toxic gases into the atmosphere. When waste is disposed of through incineration or other means, its impacts upon the environment, and potentially on human health, are also significant. Moreover, the impact of waste management may include: ...
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