...Tourism Towards 2030, the tourism industry has grown to become one of the world’s fastest growing and largest economic sectors (United Nations World Tourism Ogranization, 2015). Traditionally the hospitality and tourism industry has not been viewed as one that has a large impact on the natural environment, especially when compared to industries such as oil, gas, and consumer product manufacturing industries. However, hotels contribute to negative environmental impacts through energy and water usage, importing non-durable goods, as well as emitting a large amount of carbon dioxide. Hotel water consumption for laundry, showers, toilets, dishwashers, swimming pools, spas, golf course irrigation, as well as for other amenities, can consume up to 1million m3 of water per year (Gössling, 2013). Global warming and water scarcity are both acknowledged around the world as serious problems, and with the demand for water expected to exceed supply by 40% by 2030, hotels must implement water waste management techniques and policies to help achieve sustainable tourism development (Tuppen, 2013). In 1995, an action plan for businesses in the travel and tourism sector was created by the World Travel & Tourism Council, the World Tourism Organization, and the Earth Council. These three international organizations created Agenda 21 for Travel & Tourism Industry: Towards Environmentally Sustainable Development (Stipanuk, 2015). Since then, many companies in the hospitality and tourism sector have...
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...Water Quality; Wastewater Management Water Treatment Charles E. Best, Jr TUI University BHE 314 / Module 3 Case December 22, 2010 Professor Dr. Nathaniel Ofoe With the United States growing and cities becoming larger and larger day by day, communities have been battling water shortages all throughout the country. For the past fifty or so years reclaimed water has been used all over the world. Within the course of this case paper I will attempt to compare and contrast the secondary water treatment methods to that of the tertiary water treatment methods. Wastewater treatment is classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment; this is the process of how wastewater actually becomes recycled water. The primary treatment process is the initial stage or in other words the beginning of how organic and inorganic solids are removed via sedimentation and flotation. During this initial stage approximately 40-60% of suspended solids and raw sewage are collected in sedimentation tanks and 25-35% of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is removed from the waste stream. During the secondary treatment the out flowing from the primary treatment process contains residual organic and inorganic material. Secondary treatment systems will remove between 80-95% of suspended solids and (BOD) through two methods known as attached growth and suspended growth. Finally we are at the tertiary treatment process also known as the polishing process where treated...
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...Introduction: Water is crucial for all aspects of life, the defining feature of our planet. Ninety seven and a half per cent of all water is found in the oceans, of the remaining freshwater only one percent is accessible for extraction and use. Functioning and healthy aquatic ecosystems provide us with a dazzling array of benefits – food, medicines, recreational amenity, shoreline protection, processing our waste, and sequestering carbon. At the beginning of the 21st century, the world faces a water crisis, both of quantity and quality, caused by continuous population growth, industrialization, food production practices, increased living standards and poor water use strategies. Wastewater management or the lack of, has a direct impact on the biological diversity of aquatic ecosystems, disrupting the fundamental integrity of our life support systems, on which a wide range of sectors from urban development to food production and industry depend. It is essential that wastewater management is considered as part of integrated, ecosystem-based management that operates across sectors and borders, freshwater and marine. What is Waste water: Wastewater, also written as waste water, is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It comprises liquid waste discharged by domestic residences, commercial properties, industry, and/or agriculture and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants and concentrations. In the most common usage, it refers...
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...manage solid wastes and modal shift to public transport. The Mission aims to promote energy efficiency as an integral part of urban planning and urban renewal through three initiatives: (i) The Energy Conservation Building Code, which addresses optimization of building energy demand; (ii) Recycling of material and Urban Waste Management with a special focus on producing power from waste, biochemical conversion, waste water use, sewage utilization and recycling options wherever possible and others; (iii) Better urban planning and modal shift to public transport to ensure efficient and convenient public transport. In addition, the Mission will address the need to adapt to future climate change by improving the resilience of infrastructure, community based disaster management, and measures for improving the warning system for extreme weather events. Capacity building would be an important component of this Mission. As part of the Mission for Sustainable Habitat and Green Code for Chandigarh, detailed action plan and guidelines have been prepared by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) which could be City’s vision for sustainability. Chandigarh is a part of the Mission for solar energy to harness solar energy to meet the requirements of power. In addition to address the issue of mitigation of GHG emission from municipal waste, appropriate actions are required through adoption of scientific waste management systems with options for recovery of wealth from waste, i.e., compost...
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... it is an important topic, as it is being realizing by the people that individuals and businesses have full impact on the environment. Environment sustainability is related closely with making responsible decisions that are objected towards minimizing the negative impact of business on environment. It is not just about reducing the amount of produced waste and use of less energy, but is also associated with processes being developed which will lead to business in the future (Esty et al.,2005). In the present situation, the concerned group claims that these materials are causing an environmental hazard that is seeping from a local landfill into a nearby stream. An environmental group, SafePack Materials Pollute, has sprung up and has launched an Internet campaign geared toward compelling fruit producers to stop purchasing our packing materials. The situation at hand raises environmental issues that relate to the Clean Water Act and the Solid Waste Disposal Act. The Clean Water Act develops the basic structure to regulate discharge of pollutants into the waters of United States and regulating quality standards for surface water. Under this act, Environmental Protection Agency has...
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...Singapore, teams at the eight facilities where we produce active ingredients are implementing holistic improvement plans which are bringing significant environmental benefits and cost reductions. Infrastructure investments included installing a biogas plant at Irvine, UK, a combined heat and power facility in Worthing, UK, and a photo oxidation system for waste treatment in Singapore. Our site in Cork, Ireland, where we are now bio-treating waste and recovering the energy produced, achieved zero waste to landfill for the third year running in 2013, and has cut water use by 57% and carbon emissions by 41% since 2008. in the world). This innovative process will significantly cut our carbon emissions by reducing cooling requirements, as well as producing less organic waste. Many of the improvements we are making take time to We are also making changes implement. But across all to the chemical processes eight sites, we have already themselves. For example, we cut energy use by 4%, CO2 are investing in a new process emissions by 12%, water use at our facility in Quality Road, by 10% and waste to landfill by 82% since 2010. Singapore, which uses enzymes in the manufacturing of amoxicillin (one of the most widely prescribed antibiotics GSK Corporate Responsibility Report 2013 63...
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...agency decree of 1988 includes water, air, land and all plants and human beings or animals living therein and the interrelationships which exist among these, or any of them e.g. waste. Two kinds of definitions are operative for waste. One is conceptual and the other descriptive (Savasi, 1977) and defines waste by listing the kinds of materials comprising it. In the conceptual sense, wastes are defined as useless, unwanted or discarded materials. However, to a modern environmentalist, waste are just materials which are discarded because, they ‘seem’ to have no further economic use ignoring the irrelevant issue of usefulness, value or desirability of the waste. In the descriptive definition, waste consists of discarded materials resulting from domestic, community activities, industrial, commercial and agricultural operations. 1.1 TYPES OF WASTE Agricultural waste, Biomedical waste, Business waste, Chemical waste, Consumable waste, Domestic waste, Industrial waste, Inorganic waste, Medical waste, Organic waste, Recyclable waste Toxic waste, etc. Population explosion, uncontrolled urbanization and rapid industrialization have caused high waste generation quantities and rates in a country, (NEST 1991) waste generation increases not only because people multiply and hence the space available to each person becomes smaller, but also because the demand per person are continually increasing, so that each person throws away more waste year by year. If the world’s...
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...SMOM5103 – MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ASSIGNMENT OBJECTIVE: The assignment is to test student understanding of the concept of Environment Management System (ISO 14001:2004) and how to apply it at their company. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ INTRODUCTION: NSK Bearings (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. is a subsidiary of NSK Ltd. Group of companies headquartered in Tokyo, Japan and has served the needs of Malaysia industry for 20 years. NSK Malaysia supply major to Automotive OEM customers, distributors and heavy industries. At present, we have sixties over employees with three branches operating in Prai, Ipoh, and Johor Bahru. We also have two manufacturing plants in Selangor and one in Perak. At the moment, NSK Bearings is in the midst of achieving the Certification of ISO 14001. Our company decided to get the accreditation due to the recommendations from our customers, especially Toyota. In NSK Bearings, our premise is divided into three main areas: office, distribution warehouse and production. For this assignment purpose, I will focus on the Environmental Management System activities at the production area. Our production line consist of one assembly line for two products. We assembled the steering column system for Toyota and Perodua. [pic] Example of common steering system of a car. Task 1 How to plan and establish an Environment Management system at your own organization The top management of your company...
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...1. ABSTRACT Alternative uses of waste for energy production becomes increasingly interesting both from a waste management perspective - to deal with increasing waste amounts while reducing the amount of waste deposited at landfills and from an energy system perspective to improve the flexibility of the energy system in order to increase the share of renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The object of analysis is waste which is not reused or recycled, but can be used for energy production. Different Waste-to-Energy technologies are analyzed through energy system analysis of the current Danish energy system with 13-14% renewable energy, as well as possible future Danish energy systems with 43% (2025) and 100% renewable energy (2050), respectively. The technologies include combustion, thermal gasification, anaerobic digestion, fermentation, and transesterification technologies producing electricity, heat, or transport fuel. In the USA, according to the US energy recovery council, there are 87 WTE plants producing 2,700 megawatts that results into 17 million of kwh per year which is enough to meet the needs for power for 2 million households. In the EU incineration is more popular. According to the confederation of European Waste to energy plants (CEWEP) the plants in Europe can supply annually about 13 million inhabitants with electricity and 12 million inhabitants with heat. Waste to energy is produced mainly by biological material and thus the energy produced...
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...TRADE WASTE WHAT IS TRADE WASTE?WHO HAS TRADE WASTE?WHAT IS THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPOSAL OF TRADE WASTE?IS IT PERMITTED TO DISCHARGE TRADE WASTES OR OTHER LIQUID INDUSTRIALWASTES TO THE STORM WATER DRAIN OR ONTO LAND? | 5 5 5 5 5 | 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 | TRADE WASTE APPROVAL PROCESSES:APPROVAL APPLICATIONPLANS FOR REVIEW LODGEMENT OF APPROVAL APPLICATION FORMSAND PLANS | 6 6 6 6 | 3 | FOOD PREPARATION BUSINESS | 7 | 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 | MOTOR TRADES GUIDELINESWASTES GENERATEDMINIMUM MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS PROHIBITED DISCHARGESUNROOFED AREAS - TRADE WASTE DIVERSION SYSTEMS WASTE MINIMISATION | 8 8 8 8 9 9 | 5. | GENERAL MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE INDUSTRIES | 10 | 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 | TRADE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIAINTRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGICAL OPTIONS AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL MANAGEMENT‘OFF SITE’ COMMUNITY LEVEL MANAGEMNET: COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF DOMESTIC GREYWATER | 11 11 12 17 | 7. 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 | TRADE IN WASTE: TYPES AND EFFECTINTRODUCTION TYPES OF WASTEWATERINORGANIC WASTEWATER ORGANIC WASTEWATER | 25 25 25 26 27 | 8. 8.1 8.2 | HOW CAN TRADE IN WASTE BE MINIMIZED INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND | 30 30 31 | | BIBLIOGRAPHY | 34 | 1. UNDERSTANDING TRADE WASTE 1.1 WHAT IS TRADE WASTE? ...
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...manage its waste?” Australians are among the world's largest producers of waste. Each Australian produced about 1 tonne of waste, which goes to landfill every year, with only 4% of waste recycled or re-used. The millions of tonnes of waste disposal into the environment every year are symbolic of our presently unsustainable patterns of production and consumption. The disposal and management of that waste is now an important issue for governments throughout Australia. The volume of waste per person increased from 1,200 kg to 2,100 kg over a ten-year period Waste Management Waste management is one of the geographical issues concerns that arise due to the changes in the environment. Geographical issue surrounding wastes include: the type of waste and the disposed of it and using waste as landfill, which consume large areas of land. In developed countries such as Australia, waste can be directly linked to over consumption of natural resources. The impacts of Waste Management The impacts of waste management are considerable. There are many problems associated with waste that make it a significant environmental issue. Waste that is disposed of in landfills has the potential to contaminate soil and groundwater, and emit greenhouse and toxic gases into the atmosphere. When waste is disposed of through incineration or other means, its impacts upon the environment, and potentially on human health, are also significant. Moreover, the impact of waste management may include: ...
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...charged with giving you the most advantageous and knowledgeable information so you will be able to make the best and most informative decision on whether to get legal counsel involved. I will answer three main questions and give you the most up to date information that you will need to make the best decision. 1.The Environmental Group is stating that we are in violation of Clean Water Act and Solid Waste Disposal Act. The elements that must be present in order for one to prove a valid claim under the law(s) specified under the Clean Water Act according to the Bureau of Energy Management “The CWA made it unlawful for any person to discharge any pollutant from a point source into waters of the United States, unless a NPDES permit was obtained under its provisions.” 2.To be in violation of the solid Waste Disposal Act there are seven elements that have to be met According to Cornell Law there are seven elements under 42 U.S. Code Chapter 82, Subchapter III - HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT sub section 6928 in brief it states that a person cannot knowingly treats, stores, or disposes of any hazardous waste identified or listed under this subchapter, knowingly omits material information or makes any false material statement or representation in any application, label, manifest, record, report, permit, or other document filed, maintained, or used for purposes of compliance with regulations promulgated by the Administrator (or by a State in the case of an authorized State...
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...effects incurred as a result of incineration are also outlined. Incineration as an energy source; the pros and cons Incineration is a waste treatment technology that encompasses burning waste and transforming it into energy (Denilson et al., 1996). The wastes that are subjected to the process of burning can include residential, hazardous and commercial wastes (Denilson et al., 1996). The wastes are burnt in an incinerator which is a large furnace designed for that work. Incineration converts the materials deemed as wastes including paper, metals, plastics and food scraps into fly ash, bottom ash, combustion gases and heat (Denilson et al., 1996). In some instances the heat produced by incineration can be used to create electric power. In the United States there are a total of 113 incinerators that are working and out of these, 86 are used to produce electricity (Brebbia et al., 2014). The last incinerator in US was built in the year 1997 and ever since there has been no new incinerator built (Brebbia et al., 2014). The reasons for the halt in building incinerators in US was due to the public opposition regarding the costs of building, identified health risks and environmental pollution it causes and the increase of other practices like composting and recycling (Brebbia et al., 2014). Incineration is a very effective method in eliminating the wastes that would have been deposited on land and creating energy that can be used in various sectors like electricity generation. In as much...
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...Sustainable Cities – A Focus on Gurgaon By Annet Serena Eric, Jyothish Jacob, Rahul Buddala, Rejith Ravindran, Robin Rajan Great Lakes Institute of Management, Gurgaon TABLE OF CONTENTS A BRIEF HISTORY OF GURGAON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND HVAC WATER – FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTURE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ENERGY EFFICIENT TRANSPORT REFERENCES 2 3 12 18 24 27 1 GURGAON – A BRIEF HISTORY The name of this town emerged on the world map in 1972, when world fame Maruti Industry was set up in Gurgaon with the collaboration of Suzuki Company of Japan. Now with the coming up of multinational companies like Hero Honda Motor, Honda Motors Limited, Denso etc. in automobile sector and Microsoft, I.B.M. Nokia, Canon, DuPont, Sapient, British Airways, American Express, ABN Amro Bank, Alcatel, Nestle, Convergys, Hewitt, Vertex, Fidlity Investment, E.Vallue, Keine World India, Becton Dickinson India Private Limited in software development sector. With the result, the biggest cyber city of India spreading in an area of about 90 acres in addition to numerous cyber parks are being developed in Gurgaon itself within a radius of 15 kilometres from the International airport in private sector to accommodate the needs of software development units of multinational companies. The availability of high level infrastructure of Airways, Railways, Highways, world famed medical and educational institutions in its close proximity at National Capital of Delhi have become the main factors of attraction...
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...Urban Waste Management Solid wastes are those organic and inorganic waste materials produced by various activities of the society, which have lost their value to the first user. Improper disposal of solid wastes pollutes all the vital components of the living environment (i.e., air, land and water) at local and global levels. There has been a significant increase in MSW (municipal solid waste) generation in India in the last few decades. This is largely because of rapid population growth and economic development in the country. Due to rapid growth of urban population, as well as constraint in resources, the management of solid waste poses a difficult and complex problem for the society and its improper management gravely affects the public health and degrades environment. The population of Mumbai grew from around 8.2 million in 1981 to 12.3 million in 1991, registering a growth of around 49%. On the other hand, MSW generated in the city increased from 3200 ton per day to 5355 ton per day in the same period registering a growth of around 67% (CPCB 2000). This clearly indicates that the growth in MSW in our urban centers has outpaced the population growth in recent years. This trend can be ascribed to our changing lifestyles, food habits, and change in living standards. Waste referred as rubbish, trash, garbage, or junk is unwanted or unusable material. According to European councils’ directive “Waste is any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required...
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