...1. ABSTRACT Alternative uses of waste for energy production becomes increasingly interesting both from a waste management perspective - to deal with increasing waste amounts while reducing the amount of waste deposited at landfills and from an energy system perspective to improve the flexibility of the energy system in order to increase the share of renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The object of analysis is waste which is not reused or recycled, but can be used for energy production. Different Waste-to-Energy technologies are analyzed through energy system analysis of the current Danish energy system with 13-14% renewable energy, as well as possible future Danish energy systems with 43% (2025) and 100% renewable energy (2050), respectively. The technologies include combustion, thermal gasification, anaerobic digestion, fermentation, and transesterification technologies producing electricity, heat, or transport fuel. In the USA, according to the US energy recovery council, there are 87 WTE plants producing 2,700 megawatts that results into 17 million of kwh per year which is enough to meet the needs for power for 2 million households. In the EU incineration is more popular. According to the confederation of European Waste to energy plants (CEWEP) the plants in Europe can supply annually about 13 million inhabitants with electricity and 12 million inhabitants with heat. Waste to energy is produced mainly by biological material and thus the energy produced...
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...Sustainable Cities – A Focus on Gurgaon By Annet Serena Eric, Jyothish Jacob, Rahul Buddala, Rejith Ravindran, Robin Rajan Great Lakes Institute of Management, Gurgaon TABLE OF CONTENTS A BRIEF HISTORY OF GURGAON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND HVAC WATER – FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTURE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ENERGY EFFICIENT TRANSPORT REFERENCES 2 3 12 18 24 27 1 GURGAON – A BRIEF HISTORY The name of this town emerged on the world map in 1972, when world fame Maruti Industry was set up in Gurgaon with the collaboration of Suzuki Company of Japan. Now with the coming up of multinational companies like Hero Honda Motor, Honda Motors Limited, Denso etc. in automobile sector and Microsoft, I.B.M. Nokia, Canon, DuPont, Sapient, British Airways, American Express, ABN Amro Bank, Alcatel, Nestle, Convergys, Hewitt, Vertex, Fidlity Investment, E.Vallue, Keine World India, Becton Dickinson India Private Limited in software development sector. With the result, the biggest cyber city of India spreading in an area of about 90 acres in addition to numerous cyber parks are being developed in Gurgaon itself within a radius of 15 kilometres from the International airport in private sector to accommodate the needs of software development units of multinational companies. The availability of high level infrastructure of Airways, Railways, Highways, world famed medical and educational institutions in its close proximity at National Capital of Delhi have become the main factors of attraction...
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...of waste is for beyond the limit that the biosphere was made to carry. Infact, man today is caught in the vicious circle of increasing wants, declining resources and increasing waste being generated by the industries and municipalities is posing a problem of enormous dimensions. The domestic and industrial effluents are contributing in enhancing this problem. It might become the biggest problem if it is not dealt with immediately . Industrial Waste The term industrial waste is generally understood to refer specifically to the liquid waste produced as a result of some industrial operation, as distinct from an industry’s solid refuse or its gases, fumes and vapors. Like municipal sanitary sewage, most of such liquids must ultimately be disposed of into rivers or other water courses. The liquid wastes of a community, whether domestic sewage or industrial wastes, should receive appropriate treatment before discharge into streams in order to prevent gross pollution. The treatment methods for domestic sewage are based on a fundamental and growing body of knowledge. These methods, however, are not suitable for industrial wastes, which are quite varied in character. Frequently anew industrial process development will produce a waste that is not amenable to treatment by any of the conventional methods. For such wastes, laboratory investigations followed by pilot-plant studies must precede final design of treatment works. According to a 1998 survey, 70 million persons in India live...
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...1) Hazardous waste management regulations across the world During the last quarter of the 20th century, important multilateral environmental agreements covering key elements in the "production-to-disposal" management of hazardous chemicals with toxic, persistent, and bio accumulative characteristics, were negotiated. There have been various multinational agreements and initiatives related to chemical production, use, disposal, and reuse.. In addition, a number of important regional multilateral environmental agreements have also been negotiated. Given below are some of the international organizations and programs addressing international chemical and waste hazards. Though not covered in detail, it provides a starting point for investigating...
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...Organization of Natural Resources a unique citation on Waste Management For Sustainable Livelihoods *Mrs. T.Kumuthavalli All humans do not understand natural resources, Most humans do not value natural resources! Yet we live only because we have the natural resources. “Houston, we have a problem!” Abstract - This introductory note sets the tone for what follows in the subsequent pages on natural resource management linked sustainable development of human and other resources, with special reference to waste management. India is endowed with a rich and vast diversity of natural resources. Its development and management plays a vital role in production and development. Integrated Natural Resource Management is vital for fulfilling our millennium development goal of poverty reduction, environmental sustenance and sustainable economic development. National and International Policies on Management of Natural Resources envisages that the Natural resources of the country should be developed and managed in an integrated manner by applying effective waste treatment. The basic framework for applying a socio-ecological system approach to natural resource management has been set, which forms the basis for what follows in the subsequent pages. Keywords – Natural Resources, MGDs, Waste Management, NRM Introduction India is the second most populous country, which has about 16% of the world population and 25% of the land area. Rapid industrialization last few decades have...
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...of the country’s natural resources. Most sources of water are polluted by unmanaged sewage and agricultural overflow. Even though the country has made some progress, water contamination is still a big issue throughout the country. Although access to clean drinking water has improved, the World Bank calculated that 21% of communicable diseases in India are still related to contaminated water. According to water.org, In India, diarrhea alone causes more than 1,600 deaths daily, the same as if eight jumbo jets crashed to the ground each day. Hygiene is another problem that affects India, in the city and in rural areas. In rural areas of the country latrines are needed; only a small portion of the rural population has access to them. Still there is a lot that can be done, and measures that can be taken to help decrease the spread of disease in this beautiful and exotic country. Lack of Water Sanitation in India Introduction The combination of untreated biological, chemical and industrial waste as well as raw sewage has contaminated the majority of India’s rivers. The pollution is affecting the flora and fauna levels in the rivers. The rivers are used for food, drinking and bathing, transportation, agriculture and also for religious rituals. The scale of water pollution has disastrous effects on the health of the people who depend on the rivers and water supply. Geographic and Demographics India is located in South Asia. Nepal and Pakistan are located...
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...global climate change with a particular reference to the Indian context. 3. Find ways to protect the environment and play pro-active roles Title Hours SLO Module-1 Environment and Ecosystem 5 1, 5, 12,14 Key environmental problems and their basic causes; Ecosystem, earth – life support system and ecosystem components; Energy flow in ecosystem; Ecological succession; Nutrient, water, carbon, nitrogen, cycles; Effect of human activities on these cycles. Module-2 Biodiversity 5 1,5,11, Importance, types, mega-biodiversity; Species 12,15 interaction - Extinct, endemic, endangered and rare species; Hot-spots; GM crops; Threats to biodiversity: Natural and anthropogenic activities; Conservation: Terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Module-3 Sustaining 5 Natural Resources and 1,2,3,5,8,12,13, Environmental Quality Environmental hazards: Biological, Chemical, 14,20 Nuclear; Risk and evaluation of hazards; Types of pollution: Air and water – Pollution sources, effects and mitigation. Water quality management and its conservation; Water footprint and virtual water, Solid waste management; Climate disruption and ozone depletion (Kyoto protocol, Carbon sequestration methods and Montreal Protocol – can be discussed). Module-4...
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...from nearby marshy area. 2 ABSTRACT There has been many successful efforts in the past to produce biogas from cow dung slurry. Thousands of biogas plants have been installed in India and possibly abroad to say no to conventional energy resources. Afterwards there were experiments to mix cow slurry with food waste, paper waste and leaves poultry farm waste. We are going to use existing knowledge to make hostel messes energy efficient and moreover check the performance of the plant adding Algi from nearby marshy lands(easily located in village areas in India). This will help save lot LPG needed and also reduce environment hazards of land filling organic waste available in huge quantity in LPU. INTRODUCTION All over the world efforts are at their maximum level to decrease the dependency on conventional fuels giving way to green energy based upon renewable energy resources. Though LPG is used in all the hostels in Lovely Professional University (LPU) but we thought of utilizing the huge quantity of food waste coming out of hostel mess on daily basis. There are around more than 12,000 students staying in the hostels and every hostel have their own mess. Making biogas out of this would not make the messes energy efficient but also reduce the environment hazards as a result of decomposition of organic waste. Biogas production requires anaerobic digestion. Project aimed to create an Organic...
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...Questions | Marks Allocated | Obtained Marks | Introduction | 5 | | 1.1 Since its return to business in India, Cola has taken many CSR initiatives in India. Identify the initiatives according to the main six social initiatives identified by Philip Kotler. | 20 | | 2.1 Discuss the negative drawback of Soft Drink Industry like Coca Cola and Pepsi Companies in the developing world like India in terms of their effects on the environment, people and economy. | 30 | | 3.1 Discuss the roles of community people and local NGOs in controlling developing ecological sensitive projects. Mention the some actions taken from the case study. | 20 | | 4.1 In your opinion, do you think there is a moral responsibility for the governmental authority who firstly issued approval to start Coca Cola business in India? Prove your opinion with finding from the case study. | 15 | | 4.2 Do you think a conditioned renewal of license is a good decision? Support your opinion with evidence/examples of conditions. | 15 | | Conclusion | 5 | | Referencing | 10 | | Report Format | 5 | | Total | 125 | | CSR 611 Corporate Social Responsibilities FINAL ASSESSMENT I certify that this assignment is my own work, based on my personal study and/or research, and that I have acknowledged all material and sources used in the preparation of this assignment whether they be books, articles, reports, lecture notes, any other kind of document, electronic or personal communication I also certify...
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...Index SR. NO. | TOPICS | 1 | Acknowledgement | 2 | Introduction OF Water Pollution | 3 | Types of Water Pollution | 4 | Water Pollution Effects | 5 | Ganga River pollution in India | 6 | Extent of problem in West Bengal | 7 | CONSEQUENCES IN KOLKATA AS A RESULT OF WATER POLLUTION | 8 | Water Pollution Solutions | 9 | Water Pollution Preventions | 10 | “Ganga Action Plan” (GAP) | 11 | Conclusion | Introduction Water Pollution India is a land with many beautiful rivers and countryside. In India many of the rivers are considered to be holy, but water pollution in India has caused many of the rivers to be too polluted for use. Water pollution is a very serious problem in India which is the second most populous nation in the world. It is estimated that over 70% of all of India’s surface water is polluted in some way and many of the groundwater reserves have also been contaminated as a result of biological and industrial pollutants. As more and mre water becomes polluted the water pollution in India gets more and more severe. Many rivers have been deemed to be unsafe for human consumption which leads to water scarcity. Water pollution in India also makes irrigating crops difficult. If the water supply is too polluted to drink it should not be used for watering crops. With limited sources of water and pollution increasing every day India is facing a serious water crisis. Water pollution is becoming a huge problem which is faced by all of the human...
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...There are many environmental issues in India. Air pollution, water pollution, garbage, and pollution of the natural environment are all challenges for India. The situation was worse between 1947 through 1995. According to data collection and environment assessment studies of World Bank experts, between 1995 through 2010, India has made one of the fastest progress in the world, in addressing its environmental issues and improving its environmental quality.[1][2] Still, India has a long way to go to reach environmental quality similar to those enjoyed in developed economies. Pollution remains a major challenge and opportunity for India. Some believe economic development is causing the environmental issues. Others believe economic development is key to improving India's environmental management and preventing pollution in India. It is also suggested that India's growing population is the primary cause of India's environmental degradation. Systematic studies challenge this theory. Empirical evidence from countries such as Japan, England and Singapore, each with population density similar or higher than India, yet each enjoying environmental quality vastly superior than India, suggests population density may not be the only factor affecting India's issues.[3] Major environmental issues are forest and agricultural degradation of land, resource depletion (water, mineral, forest, sand, rocks etc.),environmental degradation, public health, loss of biodiversity, loss of resilience in...
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...legal changes made in India that have affected how firms run their business. The introduction of discrimination, and disability discrimination, an increase in the minimum wage and greater requirements for companies to recycle are a few examples of relatively recent laws that have been introduced and had a huge effect on an organisations actions. In recent years there have been many legal changes made in India that have affected how firms run their business. The introduction of discrimination, and disability discrimination, an increase in the minimum wage and greater requirements for companies to recycle are a few examples of relatively recent laws that have been introduced and had a huge effect on an organisations actions. Industrialisation and Urbanisation have resulted in a profound deterioration of India’s air quality with the highest number of air pollution deaths coming from India. Water pollution is also another major concern in India with most of their waters being contaminated with sewage and chemical wastes. Limited water treatment facilities means that people bath in and drink this water which carries extremely high health risks. Industrialisation and Urbanisation have resulted in a profound deterioration of India’s air quality with the highest number of air pollution deaths coming from India. Water pollution is also another major concern in India with most of their waters being contaminated with sewage and chemical wastes. Limited water treatment facilities means that...
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...all these issues. INDIA- An economic boom and environmental Disaster INDIA- An economic boom and environmental Disaster India, the country’s name is derived from the great ancient civilization that was situated around the river Indus, the Indus Valley Civilization. This is known to be one of the oldest known civilizations in the human history, dating back to 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. The civilization that began in the northwestern region of India surrounding the Indus River later spread its tribes further across to east and south, covering the whole of present known peninsula of India. (UCLA, nd) India has been ruled by a lot of rulers. They came to India in search of wealth and prosperity. India had a lush and very dense amount of resources, which made it one of the most flourishing countries of that period. India at that time had very good trade relations with the Middle Eastern, Persian, European and Afghanistan etc. India traded goods like cotton, spices, gold and silk. In the recent history, India has been ruled by the Persian-Arab Mughals and later by British Imperials. (Mark, 2012) The Mughals and the British were the most influential rulers in the Indian ecological history. They Mughals were greatly responsible for bringing in architecture and art to India. They constructed many monuments and embezzled these monuments with precious stones and gold. The British are responsible for bringing in modern elements like trains to India. While the Mughals...
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...significance for India, because India competence in this sector has made it a net exporter of IT services. It was the fastest growing sector of the nineties and continues to fast-track careers, spending power, local economies and real estate growth even today. The IT industry has three major components: • The IT software and services industry • The IT hardware, peripherals and networking industry • The IT enabled services industry The software sector has already established itself as a fast-growing sector. ITES includes services such as call centers, transcription, data processing, online education, etc. It has made a huge impact on international workflow into India, mainly because of low communication costs and the financial sense behind outsourcing non-core activities. It is an obvious advantage for any modern city to have a significant presence of this industry, which is creates white-collar, high-profile jobs and has remarkable effects on its real estate market. Karnataka's thriving IT industry is mostly concentrated in and around Bangalore. The Information Technology in Karnataka state has become one of the main pillars of economy. Majority of IT activity in Karnataka is concentrated in Bangalore. Lately, other parts of Karnataka have also seen a growth in IT related activity. Some recent developments regarding the industry in Karnataka are described below. Bangalore, has been recognized as a world renowned IT hub and considered as Silicon Valley of India/ the IT Capital...
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...world. A variety of fish which helped keep the river clean are now near extinction. Dolphins once found in the Ganges River are near extinction as well. Studies (1) show that tumors exist in zoo plankton which is eaten by the dominant fish and now the food chain has been contaminated. The sources of pollution are many and varied. The Ganges River is now polluted by chemical waste oxygen depleted freshwater, carcasses, trash, bacteria, and all of these add up to a colossal amount of waste. The river is said to now contain over 200 times more fecal bacteria than sustainable levels (2). The river flows through 29 cities with population of over 100,000 each who depend on the river for recreation and livelihood. Cultural and traditional rituals have also aided in the pollution of the river. Every year on the first day of The Kumbh Festival, five million people are said to bathe in the river, and as the festival continues, the amount of bathers dramatically increase, too. These bathers generate human and material waste that pollutes the river during this festival. The domestic waste from 32 treatment plants along the river has five conduits that flow directly into the river untreated. As humans bathe in the river, so do animals. As animals bathe and die in the river, their carcasses liter and pollute the river. There is also the...
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