...COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS X First Term Units I. II. III. IV Chemical Substances World of living Effects of Current Natural Resources Total Marks : 90 Marks 33 21 29 07 90 Theme : Materials Unit : Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour (30 Periods) Chemical reactions : Chemical Equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions : combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and reduction. Acids, bases and salts : Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH- ions, General properties, examples and uses, concept of pH scale(Definition relating to logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of sodium hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, washing soda and Plaster of Paris. Metals and non metals : Properties of metals and non-metals, reactivity series, formation and properties of ionic compounds, basic metallurgical processes, corrosion and its prevention Theme : The world of The Living Unit : World of Living (20 Periods) Life Processes : "living being". Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals. Control and Co-ordination in Animals and Plants : Tropic movements in plants; Introduction to plant hormones; control and co-ordination in animals : nervous system; voluntary, involuntary and reflex action, chemical co-ordination: animal hormones. Theme : How...
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... 3.10 Mixtures & Pure Substances 1.10 Heat and Thermodynamics 3.11 Matter and its Phases 1.11 Energy Mass Relationship 3.12 Properties of Matter 1.12 Personal Reaction 3.13 ENERGY 3.14 Heat Energy Matter and Energy Matter and Energy 1. Matter & Energy Anything that we can see, touch or sense is made up of matter. The computer screen, the keyboard in front of you, the air that you breathe, the water that you drink are all examples of matter. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Energy is not the same as matter, although the two are closely related and associated. Energy has the ability to move matter. Matter is converted into energy in nuclear reactors and nuclear bombs. Matter contains energy and energy makes its presence felt through matter. A glass of hot water contains more energy than a...
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...Potable Water System⋆ Chiu Wo Choi and Jimmy H.M. Lee Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong {cwchoi,jlee}@cse.cuhk.edu.hk Abstract. Salinity is the relative concentration of salts in water. In a city of southern China, the local water supply company pumps water from a nearby river for potable use. During the winter dry season, the intrusion of sea water raises the salinity of the river to a high level and affects approximately the daily life of 450,000 residents of the city. This paper reports the application of constraint programming (CP) to optimize the logistical operations of the raw water system so as to satisfy the daily water consumption requirement of the city and to keep the potable salinity below a desirable level for as many days as possible. CP is the key to the success of the project for its separation of concerns and powerful constraint language that allows for rapid construction of a functional prototype and production system. Flexibility and adaptiveness allow us to deal with our clients’ many changes in the requirements. Deriving good variable and value ordering heuristics, and generating useful implied constraints, we demonstrate that branch-and-bound search with constraint propagation can cope with an optimization problem of large size and great difficulty. 1 Introduction Salinity is the relative concentration of salts in water measured in parts per million (ppm). All types of water, except...
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...Biodiversity Paper Biology as a science concerned with living organisms, said organism’s function, origin, structure, and distribution is defined through numerous subdivisions and branches. Conservation biology is a branch, which deals with certain factors threatening biodiversity as well as the preservation of genetic and biologic diversity of animal and plant species. Threatened, endangered, and extinct species are only some factors that may influence biodiversity. Any given species has to meet a certain criteria to suit the previously named terms. Conservation biologists are concerned with numerous species because of said species’ influence on the interrelation within their ecosystems, and the interruption of such ecosystem when the numbers of a certain species are drastically decreasing. Conservation biology is concerned with the maintenance of species, their genetic variation, ecosystems, and communities within such ecosystems. Biodiversity includes “The variety of life and its processes, including the variety of living organisms, the genetic difference among them, and the communities and ecosystem in which they occur” (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 2004, p. 1). Even though the term “species” is complex, and some definitions may differ slightly from others “A species is often defined as a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature” (Berkley University, n.d., p. 1). Therefore, a species is defined as the greatest gene pool that can...
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...Socio-economic vulnerabilities and impacts The foregoing discussion of the indicators of environmental change and human driving forces has already alluded to some socioeconomic impacts of environmental changes. In fact, some of the second- or third-order changes in the status of environmental resources are manifestations of impacts of people's adjustment to environmental changes. For such reasons, at times it is difficult to separate precisely the impacts of environmental changes as causes of socio-economic disruptions from the environmental changes as consequences of socioeconomic adjustment. Similarly, at times it is difficult to separate the socio-economic impacts resulting from environmental changes and those resulting from the forces underlying environmental change. Such dilemmas prevail because socio-economic impacts are products of overall transformation processes, which involve simultaneously both the environmental variables and the factors affecting them. Hence, we may talk more comfortably about the socioeconomic impacts of change (i.e. transformation process) with a special focus on the environmental components of this transformation. Accordingly, in the first place, the transformation processes have disrupted the overall production base and interlinkages of land-based activities, which evolved through adaptations to specific conditions of mountain habitats (tables 4.7-4.10). Ineffectiveness or infeasibility of several traditional production and resource-management...
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...diversity. Recent dramatic declines in forest management have brought some undesirable consequences for forest health and wildlife (Jack Ward, T. (n.d). Standing back and letting nature take its course has become increasingly prevalent. Unfortunately, while appealing as this sounds, this is not tenable in the long-term as it will not protect forests, retain biodiversity, and provide some wood products over time. We are increasingly depending on places beyond our borders to provide our wood places with far less resources and knowledge about how to manage forests responsibly. By importing wood products, we export not only environmental consequences but jobs and dollars ( Jack Ward, T. (n.d). Conservation biology needs to reach out to a much broader community of academics and practitioners in fields as diverse as anthropology, history, political geography, and environmental psychology (Bernstein, M., & Ladle, R. J. (2010). There has been little recognition in conservation biology of the benefits that could be derived from collaboration with industrial designers. This lack of interest is probably mutual because, at first view, nature conservation seems to have little to offer a profession that seems to be associated primarily with the urban environment (Bernstein, M., & Ladle, R....
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...Memorandum To: Dr. XYZ CC: From: XYZ Date: MM/DD/YYYY Re: Sustainability in the hotel industry: weak in one pillar! For my assignment for BADM 798 Spring YYYY course, I interviewed a hotel executive to determine the company’s (i.e. hotel’s) perspectives on sustainability. The business professional I interviewed was Mr. XYZ, the Executive Director of Ramada Inn - American City. Mr. XYZ has Post-Graduate Diploma in Business Management as well as degrees in Software Engineering and Systems Analysis. He has 10 years of work experience in Marketing Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) and 15 years of experience in Hotel Management. The interview occurred on the premises of Ramada Inn – American City on MM/DD/YYYY from 5:30 – 6:30 p.m. Ramada Inn is affiliated with the Wyndham Hotel Group, one of the largest hospitality groups in the world with businesses across six continents. As such, Ramada has been around for more than 50 years and has nearly 900 hotels in about 50 countries across the world. Although the owners and franchisees have lot of flexibility in the way they run their daily operations, they have to follow certain policies that distinguish the Ramada Brand (like free internet access) and also follow some basic rules and policies of the Wyndham group. I had reviewed the company website for information in this regards and found Wyndham’s take on Sustainability and the “Wyndham Green” program. No additional information as regards sustainability was found on the Ramada...
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...Donnelley (Jefferson City). The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live and work. In 2008, we launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a global effort to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our business. Among the issues we are addressing are carbon impact, paper specifications and procurement, ethical conduct within our business and among our vendors, and community and charitable support. For more information, please visit our website: www.wiley.com/go/citizenship. The paper in this book was manufactured by a mill whose forest management programs include sustained yield harvesting of its timberlands. Sustained...
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...require accommodation in these often very remote areas. Introduction In an age of increasing climate change there is a need to consider the sustainability and environment al impacts of our housing and accommodation choices. The greening of the built environment is a result of greater public awareness, information and understanding of how the buildings we live, work and play in affect the natural environment, our bank balances and our health. But what to do we really mean when we say a product is green? It is a broad term that people are instantly drawn to but can only vaguely define. It is often linked to other words such as ‘sustainable’, ‘environmental’, ‘carbon footprint’, ‘ecological’, ‘carbon neutral’, biodegradable’, ‘energy efficient’, ‘renewable’, ‘organic’, ‘recyclable’, ‘alternative energy’, ‘non-toxic’, or ‘eco-anything’. Supermarket shelves are filled with ‘green’ or ‘eco’ product, and we may not mind paying a little more for the eco-toilet paper to ease our environmental guilt about all the plastic packaging in the rest of our shopping. The purchase of ‘eco’ supermarket products can be a relatively...
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...Practices……………………………………………………….13 CHAPTER 4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY………………………………..18 CHAPTER 5 HYPOTHESIS……………………………………………………19 CHAPTER 6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY……………………………....19 CHAPTER 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND WEBLIOGRAPHY…………………..20 CHAPTER 8 END NOTE……………………………………………………….20 1. INTRODUCTION GREEN Green is the colour of emeralds,Jade, and growing grass. Green is the colour most commonly associated with nature and the environmental movement, Islam, spring, hope and envy. The term Green is derived from the German word Grun and Grene. The first recorded use of the word as a color as term in Old English dates to AD 700. In (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Greek Languages it is associates as word freshness and sprouting vegetation. In the 18th and 19th century, green was associated with the romantic movement .Romanticism was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment . Hence Green politics” first began as conservation and preservation movements”.Thus Romanticism was Partly a reaction to...
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...ribbon is cleaned by sand paper for removing this layer so that the underlying metal can be exposed to air. Question 2: Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions. (i) Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride (ii) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate → Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride (iii) Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen Answer : (i) (ii) (iii) Question 3: Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions. (i) Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride. (ii) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid solution (in water) to produce sodium chloride solution and water. Answer : (i) (ii) Question 1: A solution of a substance ‘X’ is used for white washing. (i) Name the substance ‘X’ and write its formula. (ii) Write the reaction of the substance ‘X’ named in (i) above with water. Answer : (i) The substance ‘X’ is calcium oxide. Its chemical formula is CaO. (ii) Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide (slaked lime). Question 2: Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes in Activity 1.7 double of the amount collected in the other? Name this gas. Answer : Water (H2O) contains two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen. Therefore, the amount of hydrogen and oxygen produced during electrolysis of water is in a 2:1 ratio. During...
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...CAP-AND-TRADE: MAXIMIZING THE WATER OFFSET MARKET By Philip Ouellette A Capstone Paper Submitted to the Faculty of Norwich University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements Degree of Master of Public Administration June 2011 Table of Contents Part 1: Florida Water Policy Historical reference. pg. 4 Water policy challenge. pg. 5 Legal primacy. pg. 6 Water policy considerations. pg. 9 Part 2: Public Interest Concerning Alternative Water Sources Credible water sources. pg. 12 Salt water desalination. pg. 13 Brackish surface/ground water. pg. 13 Reclamation water. pg. 15 Demand management. pg. 16 Part 3: Public interest the economic driver Offset water regulation. pg. 20 Central leadership. pg. 23 Conclusion pg. 24 Thesis The question is; if Florida water management districts are not able to shift water resources between districts based on statutory authority then regional oversight must be incorporated to meet future water demand. Part 1: Florida Water Policy Historical Reference In 1955 Florida established its first water policy with the passage of the Water Resources Act of 1957(SJRWMD, 1957). This led to the development of Florida’s Water Model Code that granted five water management districts authority to manage water resources in the State of Florida. When the Florida Resources Act of 1972 was enacted, the water management districts inherited a...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Water is perhaps the single most important substance on earth. It forms the basis for life . Organisms, including man, can only survive if there is an adequate supply of water available. Although 98% of the earth’s water is sea water, humans are most concerned with the remaining 2% of fresh water that supports life on earth. In the last several hundred years’ man has increasingly impacted on both the distribution and the quality of fresh water. Peters Bricker Kennedy (1996) Water shortage is not a new problem. Human beings have always been trying to overcome this problem through various methods. They have been using different techniques and strategies. The water shortage has its root cause in different cultural activities of human societies. Different societies had been using their indigenous knowledge system to solve the problem of water shortage (Adams, 2005). In a recent workshop titled ‘framing responses’ organized by Leadership for Environment and Development (LEAD). Experts of workshop concluded that Pakistan has done nothing to store water in past forty five years. Experts were also of the opinion that countries in the south Asia are committed to store water but Pakistani authorities are busy in making reports and not translating them into action. (Dawn-2012) Water is an essential resource for conservation of human health, agricultural invention and socio-economic progress in the rural emerging economies that mark much of the worldwide...
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...Coffee and Global Sustainability Coffee is everywhere. From specialty espresso shops in Italy to the corner convenience store, it is near impossible to go anywhere in the world and not be able to purchase a cup of joe. And it is big business too. Since 1950 coffee production has grown by almost 200 percent, and after oil, coffee is the most important traded commodity in the world.[i] Coffee is so prevalent affluent societies take it for granted as an affordable part to their everyday life. For the growers in developing countries, although they may rarely drink the product they produce, it is their livelihoods. This paper will take a look into the past and present of coffee and evaluate and present solutions, both environmentally and socially, for the continued sustainability of the world’s most influential drink. A History of Exploitation To understand the implications of coffee’s impact on society and the global economy, it is important to start at the beginning. Coffee berries were first eaten by slaves who took it with them as they were taken from what is present day Sudan to Yemen and Arabia. This is where coffee as we know it today was born. It is believed that the first beans were roasted and brewed around 1000 A.D. in Arabia. By the 13th century, coffee was a common drink among Arabs and coffeehouses were opened in Mecca and throughout the Arab world. By the 15th century, coffee was cultivated as a crop throughout Arabia. However, the Arabs banned the exportation...
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...spirit of people around the world who are recovering from disasters. We hope that the GRRT has successfully drawn upon your experiences in order to ensure a safe and sustainable future for us all. GREEN GUIDE TO 3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES Jonathan Randall, World Wildlife Fund Emma Jowett, Consultant A NOTE TO USERS: The Green Recovery and Reconstruction Toolkit (GRRT) is a training program designed to increase awareness and knowledge of environmentally sustainable disaster recovery and reconstruction approaches. Each GRRT module package consists of (1) training materials for a workshop, (2) a trainer’s guide, (3) slides, and (4) a technical content paper that provides background information for the training. This is the technical content paper that accompanies the one-day training session on environmental impact assessment tools and techniques. Cover photo © Brent Stirton/Getty Images/WWF © 2010 World Wildlife Fund, Inc. and 2010 American National Red Cross. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Project Manager Training Specialist Creative Director Advisory Committee Jonathan Randall, World Wildlife Fund Paul Thompson, InterWorks LLC Melissa Carstensen...
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