...TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Turkey-EU process and its relationship to the environmental problems 1.2. EU Policy on Environmental Marine Problems 1.3. Turkey’s Policy on Environmental Marine Problems 2. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS 2.1. International Regulations 2.1.1. International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation 1990Regulatıon for the conrol of Noxious substances(OPRC 1990) 2.1.2. Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Co-operation to Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances, (HNS Protocol-2000) 2.1.3. International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties 1969 (INTERVENTION 69) 2.1.4. Other Regulations for...
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...Last month, it was revealed that levels of a toxic pesticide more than 100 times the EU limit were present in a source of English drinking water. The discovery of record levels of metaldehyde – a chemical used in slug pesticides – was reported by Natural England and the Environment Agency at the River Stour, which supplies water to homes in Essex and Suffolk. There's currently no treatment method available to extract this chemical from drinking water – once it's there, we're drinking it. This isn't a sudden unexpected situation. The same problem occurred in many areas across Britain last autumn – when slug numbers exploded after the wet spring and summer, conditions that we're seeing emerge again. The problem was identified in autumn 2007, when new analytical techniques allowed testing for metaldehyde, and since then a voluntary stewardship programme with guidelines for the use of the chemical has been instituted. Yet this clearly isn't working. The obvious source – and use – of slug pellets is gardens, but what many may not know is that huge quantities of this chemical are being used to grow rape seed oil, winter beans, sugar beet and brassicas such as broccoli. That's reflected in the fact that the NFU offers a briefing on the issue. But one disturbing thing about that briefing is its focus on the chemical's use and alternative chemicals. The idea of integrated pest management does not even get a look in. The main predators of slugs in the UK are hedgehogs, frogs and wild birds...
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...AS GEOGRAPHY UNIT 1 WORLD AT RISK WORLD AT RISK GLOBAL HAZARDS Hazard – Potential threat to human life or property Natural Hazards – Caused by natural processes e.g. lava flow from volcanic eruption Hydro-meteorological Hazards – Caused by climatic processes (droughts, floods, tropical cyclones and storms Geophysical Hazards – Caused by land processes (volcanic eruptions, earthquakes) Disaster – When a hazard seriously affects humans Risk – Likelihood that humans will be seriously affected by a hazard Vulnerability – How susceptible a population is to the damage caused by a hazard. Disaster Risk Equation Risk (R) – Hazards (H) * Vulnerability (V) / Capacity to Cope (C) Risk increases if: * Frequency or severity of hazards increase * People vulnerability increase * Capacity to cope decreases (Capacity to cope is the ability to deal with the consequences of a hazard) e.g. people in remote areas are further from help in central areas, so have lower capacity to cope) * Global Warming – greatest global hazard * Recent increase in average global temp – climate change * Causes other types of climate change * Context hazard – global in scale (affects all parts of environment) – potential to trigger other hazards or make them worse * Chronic Hazard (Long term) * People who aren’t causing the problem are mostly affected * Difficult to find solutions * Hydro-meteorological hazards becoming more frequent ...
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...negligible. Dumping into oceans have even got the catchphrase: “The solution to pollution is dilution” (National Geographic, 2013) Impacts Associated With Agriculture Pollutants from agriculture have affected the marine’s ecosystem in ways that may not be reversible, and may also be slowly harming rivers, streams, and coastal waters. Pesticides and fertilizer are two major components that have disturbed the marine’s ecosystem; both contain harmful chemicals that can be hazardous to living organisms in the water. Fertilizer and pesticide run-off from large farms may have initiated bursts of marine algae which may disrupt the ocean’s ecosystem by causing massive blooms in marine waters (Schwartz, 2005). Winds cause nitrogen and other nutrients from the seafloor to surface, which promote the growth of algae called phytoplankton. Phytoplankton is a main source of food for many living organisms in the marine waters. Agricultural pollutants may have triggered phytoplankton to produce harmful blooms in tides, which are giving-off poisonous toxins to marine life. These poisonous toxins are dangerous because the oxygen levels are gradually diminishing in waters, which may have deadly consequences for marine life (Schwartz, 2005). Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and even plants. The term aquaculture refers to the cultivation of both marine and freshwater species and can range from land-based to open-ocean...
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...answer for contamination is weakening" (National Geographic, 2013) Effects Associated With Agriculture Toxins from horticulture have influenced the marine's biological community in ways that may not be reversible, and may likewise be gradually hurting waterways, streams, and waterfront waters. Pesticides and compost are two noteworthy segments that have irritated the marine's environment; both contain unsafe chemicals that can be perilous to living life forms in the water. Compost and pesticide keep running off from substantial ranches may have started blasts of marine green growth which may disturb the sea's biological community by creating monstrous sprouts in marine waters (Schwartz, 2005). Winds cause nitrogen and different supplements from the ocean bottom to surface, which advance the development of green growth called phytoplankton. Phytoplankton is a primary wellspring of nourishment for some living creatures in the marine waters. Farming toxins may have activated phytoplankton to deliver unsafe blossoms in tides, which are radiating noxious poisons to marine life. These noxious poisons are hazardous in light of the fact that the oxygen levels are step by step decreasing in waters, which may have fatal results for marine life (Schwartz, 2005). Aquaculture is the cultivating of sea-going organic entities, for example, fish, shellfish, and even plants. The term...
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...MEDITERRANEAN Pollution prevention opportunities in the Tanning sector industry CLEANER within the mediterranean region production Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP) Mediterranean Action Plan Ministry of the Environment Spain Autonomous Government of Catalonia Ministry of the Environment Centre for Cleaner Production Initiatives Pollution Prevention Opportunities in the Tanning Sector Industry within the Mediterranean Region Note: This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form of educational and non-profit purposes without special permission from the Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP), provided acknowledgement of the source is made. RAC/CP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this material as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purposes whatsoever without prior permission in writing from RAC/CP. If you consider that some part of this study could be improved or there is any lack of precision, we would appreciate if you could notify it to us. Study finished on January 2000 Study published on October 2000 Additional copies or information could be requested to: Regional Activity Centre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP) C/ París, 184 – 3ª planta 08036 Barcelona (Spain) Tf. (+34) 93 415 11 12 - Fax (+34) 93 237 02 86 e-mail: cleanpro@cema-sa.org Web page: http://www.cema-sa.org Page 1 of 162 Pollution...
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...Caribbean Dialogue July/August 1994 The Importance of Negotiation Preparedness: Reflections on the Caribbean Experience _________________________ Alister McIntyre Over the past three decades, the CARICOM countries have both individually, and as a group, accumulated considerable experience in regional and international negotiations. Within the region, the development of CARICOM and related institutions and arrangements have taken up a considerable amount of time of governments. Associated with that have been trade and economic agreements with major trading partners – European Union (EU), Canada and, more recently, the United States. Governments have also been involved in almost unending negotiations with the international financial institutions over their stabilisation and adjustment programmes. At different periods substantial attention has also been paid to global negotiations under the auspices of the United Nations and its specialized agencies, such as GATT. Furthermore, some governments have been intensely involved in negotiations with international companies in the fields such as natural resources telecommunications. It is not possible in a single presentation to distill and synthesise this wide variety of experiences into a set of reflections. What I shall do is to concentrate on the governmental trade and economic negotiations with overseas countries and groups of countries, partly because we are on the threshold of new negotiations for entry in to NAFTA, and...
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...population figure of 18,912,078. The Greater Accra region within which Accra Metropolis falls recorded a population of 4,010,054 for all the metropolitans, municipals and district assemblies. The Populations and Housing Census further indicated that, Accra metropolis alone accounted for 46.10% of the Greater Accra’s Population. The past decades have seen solid waste management present a major challenge to the Accra Metropolitan Assembly, and many other municipal, and district assemblies in Ghana. Waste generation in Accra is estimated to have increased over three-fold in quantum over the last two decades due to population growth, increased urbanization, and life-style changes (WaterAid & EU, 2008). The population in urban areas like Accra is projected to double within the next decade (WaterAid & EU, 2008), a tendency that could see the quantum of waste generated, and for that matter plastic waste sky-rocket. Considering the anticipated population growth in the near future, and urbanization, strategizing the solution for effective and efficient solid waste management in Accra is not negotiable. The subject of solid waste management of which plastics are a greater component is critical in low-income areas, which particularly are vulnerable to the negative effects of a poorly managed metropolitan solid waste management. In an attempt to curb the waste canker in the metropolis, the Accra Metropolitan Assembly has recently embarked on waste incineration projects as a capable means to...
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...www.ijird.com October, 2012 Vol 1 Issue 8 ISSN: 2278 – 0211 Cheaper Electrodes Having Higher Efficiency Using Salt Water And Salt Vinegar Electrolytes S. Ramakanth Electrical And Electronics Engineering,Visakha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Visakhapatnam Abstract: This paper gives how salt water and salt vinegar is used as a renewable energy source. Working of salt water and salt vinegarelectrolytes and both the combination of electrolytes, comparison of different electrodes used in the electrolytes. And choosing which is the best pair of electrodes.applications of it in many fields. Keywords: Electro-chemicalreaction,Electrolyte,Vinegar,corrosion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Page 310 www.ijird.com October, 2012 Vol 1 Issue 8 1. Introduction We know that our earth covered with 70% of water and 30% of land. So water occupies more space than land but 97% is the salt water and 3% is the fresh drinking water. Many technologies are developed to use salt water for producing electrical energy. The energy produced in this way is renewable energy source. Ex: salt water battery, salt water generators etc. The modern battery is found in high-tech applications ranging from hearing aids and pace-makers to pocket calculators, personal stereos, radios and mobile phones. They are everywhere and completely invaluable. The origin of the power behind the battery is chemical. In the following paper I explain...
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...management plans, special waste hazardous and non control waste; Part IIA covers contaminated lands; part III covers statutory nuisance and clean air; Part IV covers litter; part V covers the amendment of the radioactive substance act of 1960; part VI covers genetically modified organisms and part VII covers the nature conservation(Paul,2008a). Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 provisions was adopted in England and Wales this legislation is aim to implement the council directive 96/61/EC on integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC) requiring EU member states to introduce regime for prevention, reduction and control of emissions and other activities that are capable of causing any environmental pollution in the region. Under the PPC regulations there are three distinct regimes which include part A(1) covers installations for sites regarded as potentially more polluting and emission to air, land and water activities. Part A(2) covers sites regarded as lesser polluting activities but considered to have impact on the environment. Part B covers sites with activities for which emission to air is only considered (Paul, 2008b). 1.2 Environmental Agency (EA) The Environmental Agency (EA) was established under the environmental act of 1995 a non departmental public body under the...
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...ENVIRONMENT AGENCY The determination of chemical oxygen demand in waters and effluents (2007) Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials 2 The determination of chemical oxygen demand in waters and effluents (2007) Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials This booklet contains guidance on methods for the determination of chemical oxygen demand using potassium dichromate solution, and notes for the disposal and recovery of selected reagents. This document revises the document published in 1986. Five methods are described and these include: A A reference large scale (10 ml) flask digestion procedure with mercury suppression. B A small scale (2 ml) flask digestion procedure with mercury suppression and spectrophotometric determination. C A mercury-free large scale (10 ml) flask digestion procedure using chromium(III) potassium sulphate and silver nitrate solutions. D A mercury-free small scale (2 ml) flask digestion procedure using chromium(III) potassium sulphate and silver nitrate solutions. E A mercury-free small scale (2.5 ml) flask digestion procedure using chromium(III) potassium sulphate and silver nitrate solutions. Throughout the booklet, the term chemical oxygen demand (COD) is used to express the amount of oxygen consumed during oxidation of a sample with hot acid dichromate solution under defined conditions; the test provides an estimate of the oxidisable matter present in the sample...
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...responsibility for? * Recycling and re-use / Energy efficiency * Water Resource Management 3. How might use of these resources be measured? Suggest measurement methods for at least three different resources. * Recycling and Re-use * Reuse paper around the home as scrap paper or packing material. Envelopes can also be reused. * Set your printer to print on both sides of the paper. * Buy recycled paper whenever possible. * Water Resource Management * Treating waste water and storm water as resources * Reducing size and cost of pipes, pumps and other infrastructures * Recycling of rinse water * Grey water use * Pressure reduction * Cooling water recirculation 4. Prepare a report for Sienna’s manager about water usage in the laundry. Explain how you would record this data. Where would file the report? Why? 5. What opportunities might exist to reduce water use in the laundry? * Education to promote efficient practices * Use of efficient irrigation system & grey water system * Use of more efficient equipment, like washing machine and a like. 6. Prepare a written proposal for Sienna to deliver to her manager to take to the budget committee for approval. 7. Assuming that Siena’s proposal is accepted by the budget committee, what organisational plans might she develop to support the implementation of the grey water system? You should consider how the system will be used by laundry...
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...In July of 2005 an angler reported a fish kill on the river Tolka at Clonee to the ERFB The ERFB sent out fisheries environmental officers. On site inspection reviled a discharge pipe leading from a abattoir close by. The area around this pipe was chemically burned and the water was discolored The area was absent of flora and fauna downstream from this point. This was a point source pollution event. (1) Upstream approx 5M there was small fish alive but were absent downstream They proceeded to take samples of water in a standard method During this process it was noticed that a smell of noxious gases was increasing A shortness of breath and a skin /eye irrigation by the officers accursed The discharge pipe expelled a fluid 5 m into the river with a high flow rate Photos were taken by the EFOs This contained for approx 5 mins This point source smelling of ammonia and the visual impact on the downstream area would give rise to the opinon that this was the pollutant. (3) Samples were collected from pipe directly the river and various positions downstream and upstream Then all the samples were collected and labeled Then EFO s then visited the factory an abattoir owned by KEPAK MEATS Ltd They insisted that guarantees be given to stop this effluent discharge immediately Senior staff gave this guarantee This was the best effort taken by the EFOs to contain the pollution (2) Upon further inspection and a elecrofishing survey completed it was found that a...
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...INTRODUCTION The availability of satisfactory water and wastewater schemes is central to the needs of society. There is national and European legislation for local authorities in the provision of water and sewerage services. I am going to be looking at the main issues that I consider critical to the effective delivery of these services in County Kildare with specific reference to the different legislations. Critical issues to the effective delivery of water and sewerage services in County Kildare: The Local Government Act, 2001. The Local Government Act, 2001 was signed by the President on 21/7/01 and was brought into operation on a phased basis. Part 9 of the Act deals with the functions of local authorities. Chapter 5 (Sections 82-84) deals with functions under the Local Government (Sanitary Services) Acts 1878-1995. These Sections provide for a fundamental change in the way that water and wastewater services are delivered at local level. Section 83 provides for the consolidation of water supply and wastewater treatment and related functions at county level. These functions have transferred from the town councils to the county councils, which form a single sanitary district . Section 84 simply states that the functions under the Local Government (Sanitary Services) Acts, 1878-1995, other than water and sewerage services and related matters, remain vested in town sanitary authorities Water Services Act 2007: * Consolidation of water services law into a single modern code...
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...Monsanto Seed are they Safe Richard Moore Globe University Abstract Does Monsanto Enhanced seed have the necessary impact on the local farmers as well as the most barren or hard to grow crops? Does providing the enhanced seed to local and international groups around the world help in providing the necessary crop yield to feed the families without damaging the t local ecosystem? They are a leading producer of genetically engineered (GE) seed and of the herbicide glyphosate, which it markets under the Roundup brand. Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide used to kill weeds, especially annual broadleaf weeds and grasses known to compete with commercial crops grown around the globe. Is using the weed killer Rounds an ethical thing to do when it has the potential to harm plans and animals? Monsanto seeds are they Safe Does Monsanto maintain an ethical culture that can effectively respond to various stakeholders? Like any other large firm, Monsanto also has the responsibility to maintain an ethical culture that can respond effectively to stakeholders when issues arise. There are issues with their products that still need to be resolved including the risks to health and damage to the environment. They also need to enforce their code of ethics to mitigate employee misconduct. Although Monsanto has made ethical mistakes in the past, it is trying to remedy this. Monsanto accepts full responsibility for its employees’ behavior. The incidents showed that although...
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