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Waterfront

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Il fenomeno waterfront inizia nelle città industriali del nord america intorno al 1930 per risp alla grande crisi post industriale. L’industrializzazione, spesso poco rispettosa dell’ambiente, una volta cessata aveva lasciato spazi dimessi e degradati spesso in pieno centro. L’esaurirsi degli spazi post industriali e la necessità di realizzare nuove infrastrutture viarie hanno determinato la necessità di rivisitazione dei waterfront.
Le città non hanno con il mare un atteggiamento univoco: il mare può essere visto cm una risorsa, un occasione da cui lucrare una rendita di posizione o un accidente geografico. L’estensione ottimale dell’intervento varia da caso a caso: si passa da interventi che interessano una fascia limitata di tessuto urbano prospiciente all’acqua ad un intervento complessivo che coinvolge l’insieme di sistemi urbani nello stesso tratto funzionale di costa. In qst ultimo caso si parla di sistema metropolitano costiero, caratterizzato da un tessuto urbano ininterrotto e da un ente governativo unico; è un sistema unico ed eterogeneo, in cui elemento solido e liquido si intrecciano. Si arriva poi a un sistema locale di porti qnd attività che potrebbero essere svolte dalla stesso porto xk inerenti allo stesso bacino di utenza vengono trasferite in più siti x creare un sistema sinergico che ripartisce le attività rispetto alle loro funzioni.
SEPARATEZZA CITTà PORTO: diversificazione funzionale in ambito statico, il porto diventa un luogo di produzione specializzata con funzioni e infrastrutture specifiche. La separatezza è accentuata da barriere fisiche, struttura portuale e tessuto urbano anche se diversificati rimangono nello stesso sito ma in rapporto di conflittualità.
RIUNIFICAZIONE CITTà PORTO: div. funzionale dinamica. la struttura portuale abbandona il porto storico. Si creano un porto commerciale- industriale e uno storico, a fruizione immediata dell’utente finale.

Il waterfront è un tessuto spugna, attrattore tur che esalta le potenzialità del mare. La creazione di spazi verdi non deve dimenticare le necessità di vivere quel determinato luogo.

PUNTUALI: differenziazione è statica per permettere la piena godibilità dei bene e l’affaccio a mare. Primo waterfront di Genova
LINEARI: si estendono lungo fasce costiere creando un sistema integrato, prescindendo dalla continuità urbana. La differenziazione funzionale è dinamica xk si basa sulla divisione in porto storico e porto commerciale. Affresco di Genova.
RAGNATELA: diff funzionale dinamica, ma le cellule operative sn disposte in un cerchi d’acqua, situate in isole collegate da tunnel, per nn occupare spazi sulla terraferma, fluidificare il traffico, permettere l’accesso pedonale e al traffico leggero alla zona di waterfront, ridurre impatto visivo e inquinamento. Il cerchio d’acqua è un tessuto densamente popolato. Baltimora, Boston, Sidney, Città del Capo, San Francisco, Saemangeum.

Principio generale: la strategia dei temi nn va disgiunta dei tempi, finanziamenti, coordinamento dei soggetti operativi. È necessario che il sistema sia governabile in tutte le sue tappe e articolazioni, che abbia definito obiettivi intermedi, risorse, soggetti responsabili e tempi. Le finalità sono: la rivisitazione complessiva del tessuto urbano attr ristrutturazione del porto cittadino, recupero di aree dimesse, spesso centrali, accessibilità fisica e sociale, la sostenibilità ambientale, il mantenimento dell’identità storica della città.

GOVERNANCE
È importante che il processo sia gestito in un quadro strategico stabile nel ml periodo.
Condiviso
• Informato, diffusa tempestiva, completa, continua • Sostenibile • Accessibile • Identificabile • Propulsivo: evitare sfasatura tra investimenti e tempi di ritorno, zattere di salvataggio: infrastrutture e paini di edilizia sovvenzionata da usare cm moltiplicatore di spesa pubblica in periodi di recessione.

Compartecipato
Requisiti tecnici: • Eventizzato: potere insito nell’eccezionalità di un evento da realizzare entro una determinata e precisa scadenza, sia per l’interesse a presentare all’opinione mondiale il proprio paese, sia x le concrete ripercussioni sulla bilancia dei pagamenti. • Strategico • Elastico: idoneo ad adattarsi alle esigenze congiunturali senza snaturare o interrompere la strategia complessiva. Realizzabile per obiettivi intermedi. • Credibile: risorse economico. finanziarie • Operativo: stabile rappresentativo autonomo snello, per realizzare le opere previste e un ruolo di propulsione, gestione e raccordo con i soggetti politici.

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