...Applying Watson’s Theory to Mind-Body-Spirit Dimensions Jean Watson’s theory of human caring is one that elevates nursing from being merely a clinical experience to becoming an intersection with the patient that affects the patient deeply in all three dimensions—the mind, body, and spirit. In order to achieve this three-pronged impact, the nurse must create caring-healing moments with the patient. As Watson (2006, p. 51) points out, “The whole caring-healing consciousness is contained within a single caring moment…Caring consciousness transcends time, space, and physicality—that is, caring goes beyond the given moment, and situation, and informs the future experiences of practitioner and patient.” Watson (2006, p. 51) contends that through these caring-healing moments, the patient’s human dignity is preserved, and the relationship between patient and nurse is marked by integrity. The application of Watson’s theory has resulted in remarkable successes in terms of healing patients, but it is problematic because of the difficulty in measuring intangible qualities such as mental and spiritual dimensions of healing. It is important for nurses to have access to assessment tools that can assist them in evaluating clients in various stages of health, illness, stress, and life so that Watson’s theory can be applied accordingly and its results can be aptly measured. Two such tools are the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale and the Hassles and Uplifts Scale. Each tool...
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...felt in educational research — behaviorism. This is a theory proposed by J. B. Watson and based on the works of Pavlov and Bekhterev, two Russian psychologists who developed an animal training model known as stimulus-response (Classical Conditioning). In the early twentieth century a new movement in the field of Psychology was being felt in educational research — behaviorism. This is a theory proposed by J. B. Watson and based on the works of Pavlov and Bekhterev, two Russian psychologists who developed an animal training model known as stimulus-response (Classical Conditioning). Watson set the stage for behaviorism, which soon rose to dominate psychology. While behaviorism began to lose its hold after 1950, many of the concepts and principles are still widely used today. Conditioning and behavior modification are still widely used in therapy and behavioral training to help clients change problematic behaviors and develop new skills. Watson set the stage for behaviorism, which soon rose to dominate psychology. While behaviorism began to lose its hold after 1950, many of the concepts and principles are still widely used today. Conditioning and behavior modification are still widely used in therapy and behavioral training to help clients change problematic behaviors and develop new skills. In his most famous and controversial experiment, known today as the "Little Albert" experiment, John Watson and a graduate assistant named Rosalie Rayner conditioned a small child to fear...
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...Introduction Emma Watson is a British actress and model who has inspired many young women to act and be themselves. She has won many awards and has starred in many major movies, including the ‘Harry Potter’ films, ‘The Bling Ring’, and ‘The Perks of Being a Wallflower.’ She also starred as Belle in the 2017 version of ‘Beauty and the Beast.’ She is a great woman with many interesting facts and awards that you’re about to learn. Early life Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson was born on April 15, 1990 in Paris, France. Her parents are Jacqueline Luesby and Chris Watson and are both lawyers. She has four siblings, Nina, Lucy, Alex, and Toby Watson. When Emma was just five years old, her parents divorced and she moved to Oxford with her mother, where...
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...Dr. Watson–– The Time Epitome As the years progressed, more acclaimed plays and classic literatures have been reinterpreted and reproduced into films and network shows. The mix of visual impacts, powerful throwing, and cinematography makes an encounter that cannot be matched by other media; consequently, arousing a new round of explorations for twenty-one-century aesthetic needs and infusing vitality into these classics. The incredible Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle are not special cases joining the trend. A convention of the relationship between the detective and the sidekick has supported Doyle’s stories for over one century, in which Dr. Watson has been an iconic character complementary for the eccentric and intelligent Holmes. The brilliant creation of Dr. Watson, according to T.J. Binyon in “Murder Will Out,” provides readers with the authentic and plausible adventures by his narratives “through his prosaic, stolid personality”(10). Dr. Watson as the narrator not only helps Doyle develop the stories by hiding vital aspects of mysteries from readers but also represents the majority of Victorian middle-class men, as Panek supported in “Beginning” (80). “His very averageness makes him the representative of societal norm,” added by April Toadvine in “Watson Effect”(52). Hence, observing and analyzing the alterations of Dr. Watson within current Holmesian adaptations provide an insight into how modern-texts continue to use Watson to represent and cater to...
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...In the novel, “The Watsons Go to Birmingham” by Christopher Paul Curtis, the protagonist Byron Watson changes from being a person who bullies other kids simply for fun, to someone who comforts his little brother, whom he used to bully, when the latter is having an emotional crisis. The theme of the novel is that no matter how much you think that you are different than someone else, you can still help them. This is supported by the quote from Maya Angelou which says, “I refuse to allow any man-made differences to separate me from any other human beings.” This shows how differences are manmade and can be overcome to create a better world for us all. Maya Angelou’s words mean to me that no matter how much you think that you have alienated...
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...Karam Kathawa Bio 1000 Cathy Kelly 03/28/2017 Bio. Bio James Dewey Watson is a biologist that was born on April 6 1928 in Chicago, Illinois. James Watson had a bad child hood, his father wasn’t a religious man he didn’t believe in God and so does James Watson and he consider himself lucky because of that. When James Watson was 15 he joined a radio show that challenges young people to answer a hard questions and he was good at it. James Watson went to the University of Chicago where they offered him a full scholar ship. James Watson read a book called “What Is Life” that book changed his way of thinking and his destination. In 1950 James Watson got his Ph. D. degree from Indiana University. James Watson met Francis crick whom become his best friend and...
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...In 1962 James Watson along with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins were awarded a Noble Prize for the paper that they published about the discovery of the double-helix model of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. The discovery of the helical structure of DNA is considered as one of the most important achievements in the field of the science history. However, James Watson does not deserve the recognition of discovering the helical model of DNA. Watson should lose his nobel prize, not only did he not give any credit to the person who was really the one responsible in discovering the helical shape of DNA he is also making rude and prejudiced opinions. Few people know Rosalind Franklin, a scientist who devoted herself in the scientific study of the structure...
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...Associationistic Theories of Watson and Skinner History credits John B. Watson as the founder of behaviorism. His disliking of the structuralism and functionalism approaches led Watson to consider psychology a science of behavior. Rather than focusing on methods like introspection, Watson strongly suggests that psychological research involve examinations of the measurable and observable behaviors. In his classic study of Little Albert, Watson demonstrates how learning of fear can occur through the principle of classical conditioning. Watson and other behaviorists like B.F. Skinner also emphasize that environmental factors affect and determine behavior. Skinner took the study of behaviorism to the next level by proposing concepts like mind, consciousness, and feelings were neither measureable or observable and were, therefore, not necessary in explaining behavior. Skinner claims that one can explain behavior by analyzing the conditions present before a behavior occurs and by analyzing the consequences that follow the behavior. The principles associated with Skinner’s operant conditioning suggest personality as a function of environmental influences rather than unconscious thoughts and feelings. However, this belief faces criticism for paying little attention to emotions and internal processes. By examining the theories of Watson and Skinner, one can better understand by classical and operant conditioning by explaining their major themes and evaluating their effectiveness...
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...JOHN B. WATSON (1878-1958) “Father of Behaviorism” Brenda Anyanwu Paul D. Camp Community College Mrs. Jean Farmer Psychology 201 Abstract Based on a quote from John B. Watson, “Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness. The behaviorist, in his efforts to get a unitary scheme of animal response, recognizes no dividing line between man and brute. The behavior of man, with all of its refinement and complexity, forms only a part of the behaviorist’s total scheme of investigation. (Classics in the History of Psychology) Although, I might not somewhat agree with his theory, Mr. Watson holds some truth about his view on his theory. What you are about to read is about his life and what lead him to his theory on behaviorism. Brenda Anyanwu Mrs. Jean Farmer Psychology 52A November 3, 2010 Project Assignment John Broadus Watson (1878-1958) “Father of Behaviorism” During the year of 1878, John B. Watson was born to parents Pickens and Emma Watson, he was their fourth child. Growing upon a farm in a small town of Travelers Rest, South Carolina the family was poor. Most of the family wealth had been too lost during the civil war. John’s parent...
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...In 1950, the curiosity, innovation, and persistence of James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin all together led to a detailed and completed understanding of the structure of Deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material found in all cells and is the stuff that genes are made out of. Their discoveries would come to answer one of the most impending questions in the science of life. How do living things pass on traits to their children? This is the question that sparked the want and need of exploration and discovery. James Watson and Francis Crick are the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953. Rosalind Franklin was collecting experimental data about DNA with Maurice Wilkins. Watson...
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...En el texto, Watson nos plantea la necesidad de que la psicología cambie su objeto de estudio, dejando de lado la observación y descripción de los estados mentales y procediendo al estudio de la conducta, plantea esta conducta no sabiendo reconocer la línea divisoria entre hombre y animal. El análisis de la conducta y las relaciones era el único método objetivo para conseguir la penetración en las acciones humanas y extrapolar el método propio de las Ciencias Naturales a la Psicología. Watson opinaba que los métodos de esta nueva psicología deberían ser de la psicología animal, la manipulación del entorno y la determinación de sus efectos sobre la conducta, sin hacer referencia a la conciencia. Desestima el concepto de conciencia por inútil e imperfecto; para él es una supersticiosa creencia medieval en el alma; lo considera como algo decididamente indigno de estudio científico. Su proposición es que la psicología debe romper con el pasado, abandonar definitivamente el concepto de conciencia, empezar de nuevo y construir una nueva ciencia. Nos plantea que la propuesta conductual de la psicología debe tomar como punto de partida el que los organismos se ajustan por sí mismo a su ambiente mediante la herencia y el hábito y, que ciertos estímulos llevan al organismo a realizar respuestas en tanto dada la respuesta podrán predecirse los estímulos y dados los estímulos podrá predecirse la respuesta. Pienso que el sostener que las conductas son causadas por un estímulo específico...
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...Watson's work is a middle-range theory that deals with the caring actions taken by nurses as they interact with others. VALUES AND ASSUMPTIONS The values and assumptions that form the basis for the theory of human caring reflect a metaphysical, phenomenological-existential, and spiritual orientation that draws upon Eastern philosophy. VALUES include: 1. deep respect for the wonder and mysteries of life and the power of humans to change 2. high regard and reverence for the spiritual-subjective center of the person with power to grow and change 3. a nonpaternalistic approach to helping a person gain more self-knowledge, self-control, and self-healing, regardless of the presenting health-illness condition. ASSUMPTIONS deal with human life, nursing science, and the process of nursing. Watson's conception of human life is tied to notions that one's soul possesses a body that is not confined by objective space and time. The lived world of the experiencing person is not distinguished by external and internal notions of time and space, but shapes its own time and space, which is unconstrained by linearity. Nursing is a human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic, and ethical human care transactions. The process of nursing is human care. THE THEORY OF HUMAN CARING The main concept of the theory is TRANSPERSONAL HUMAN CARING, which is best understood within the concepts of...
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..."Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" was an article published by Francis Crick and James D. Watson in the scientific journal Nature in its 171st volume on pages 737–738 . It was the first publication which described the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA. This article is often termed a "pearl" of science because it is brief and contains the answer to a fundamental mystery about living organisms. This mystery was the question of how it is possible that genetic instructions are held inside organisms and how they are passed from generation to generation. The article presents a simple and elegant solution, which surprised many biologists at the time who believed that DNA transmission was going to be more difficult to deduce and understand. The discovery had a major impact on biology, particularly in the field of genetics, enabling later researchers to understand the genetic code . Origins of molecular biology The application of physics and chemistry to biological problems led to the development of molecular biology. Molecular biology is particularly concerned with the flow and consequences of biological information at the level of genes and proteins. The discovery of the DNA double helix made clear that genes are functionally defined parts of DNA molecules and that there must be a way for cells to make use of their DNA genes in order to make proteins. Linus Pauling was a chemist who was very influential in developing...
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...the major theories of nursing have been published by Jean Watson and by John Paley, who each have taken markedly distinct approaches to conceptualizing nursing care in a theoretical construct. This paper will provide a discussion of Jean Watson’s background, including educational preparation and process of developing her Care Theory as well as her career high points, discussion of Jean’s Watson’s Care Theory, including major points, discussion of John Paley’s background, including education preparation and his career high points, brief discussion of Friedich Nietzsche, specifically his major philosophical beliefs, compare Jean Watson’s Care Theory with the ideas presented in John Paley’s article, and contrast Jean Watson’s Care Theory with the ideas presented in John Paley’s article . Jean Watson, who hails from West Virginia, was educated at the University of Colorado where she earned a baccalaureate degree in nursing, 1964. She also earned her master’s degree in psychiatric-mental health nursing, and her doctorate in educational psychology and counseling at University of Colorado. While serving as dean of University of Colorado School of Nursing, she was instrumental in the development of a post baccalaureate nursing curriculum in human caring that would lead to a career professional clinical. She was appointed Distinguished Professor of Nursing and endowed Chair in Caring Science at the same university. Watson has published numerous books describing her philosophy and...
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...The Theory of Jean Watson Sheila A. Arao, RN University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Abstract Dr. Jean Watson She was born on June 10, 1940 in Williamson, West Virginia, USA. She pursues her education of BSN in University of Colorado, 1964, Masters in University of Colorado, 1966, and doctoral degree in University of Colorado, 1973. Jean Watson’s Theory of Nursing Care is a middle-range theory that focuses on the interconnectedness of patient and nurse. Nurses play a vital role in their patients’ life and by developing caring behaviors, they could facilitate healing. This theory also focuses on authentically caring about the whole patient and understanding the power of a meaningful therapeutic relationship. Watson believes caring about oneself is important and integral in a transpersonal relationship. The theory introduces clinical caritas process which help guide the nurse toward developing caring behaviors. They include general concepts of faith, trust, love, hope, caring, selflessness, spirituality, energy, and understanding. This theory is very significant to nursing practice and can be applicable to all fields of nursing. This paper will briefly elaborate Watson’s Theory of Human Caring and elucidate its strengths and weakness in the acute care setting. Introduction Biography Jean Watson was born on June 10, 1940 in Williamson, West Virginia, USA. During her education years, she graduated high school in West Virginia, graduated the Lewis Gale School of Nursing...
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