...Epidemiology Question 1 1. Case control studies are designed in such a way so as to explore whether exposure can be associated with a particular outcome, such as a disease or certain condition. In these studies, the definition groups are based on the outcome and exposure assessment for potential risk factors. The first step in case control studies is the identification of the case (for example a group of people known to have the certain condition), as well as the control group ( a group that does not have the outcome). The second step is to explore whether some of the subjects in each group were exposed, and how the frequency of the exposure is measured between the case and the control group. Case control studies are basically observational, because there is no intervention taking place, and is a retrospective determination of the exposure to a certain risk factor. Advantages of case control studies • Case control studies are relatively less time consuming, since the disease has occurred in the past, therefore there is no need to assess the disease or condition. • They are an efficient way to study rare cases and diseases or outbreaks of diseases, since they are fast; during an outbreak, the fast examination of certain conditions is required, and a sufficient number of people suffering can be quickly accessed. • They allow a simultaneous examination of multiple conditions and risk factors • Allow the establishment of associations between suspected risk...
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...IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 12, Issue 1 (May. - Jun. 2013), PP 41-47 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.Iosrjournals.Org Awareness and Willingness to Pay for Health Insurance: A Study of Darjeeling District Maumita Ghosh1 1 Department of Economics, Southfield College (formerly Loreto College), Darjeeling, India Abstract: The present study is an effort to find out the response of the people of Darjeeling in the area of health insurance. As firstly, this study examines the respondents who are aware or not aware about health insurance as well as various sources of awareness; secondly, those who are aware have subscribed for it or not; thirdly, those who have not subscribed what are the reasons behind the same; and lastly are they willing to join and pay for it? If yes then what would be the possible amount? The study was conducted in some selected villages in Darjeeling district and 200 questionnaires were got filled from randomly selected general people. The results shown low level of awareness and willingness to join and pay for health insurance scheme. Key words: health insurance, willingness to pay, bidding, canonical correlation, regression analysis. I. Introduction Of all the risks faced by the households, health risks pose the greatest threat to lives and livelihoods. The uncertainty of the timings of illness, its huge treatment costs make financial provision difficult for households (Tenkorang, 2001). Rapid...
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...argues with the male kitchen staffs about controversial topic such as abortion or gay marriage. Even sometimes the manager has noticed about the tension between her and the others staff, things seem go well. Unfortunately, One day after lunch time, the manager found a letter from Linda with vulgar language in which she criticized the male staffs and the worse management skills of the manager. She decided to quit the job and by the way asking for special condition from manager to fire the male staffs to keep her or lose her either. The scenario is likely happens in every kind of business ; workers do not get along with each other and the manager must solve the conflicts as soon as possible to maintain an professional workplace . The Hindsight bias is used by Lohnet to make a déjà vu about the arguments between Dave and Linda. Lohnet would like...
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...outlets are bias. The media is a form of propaganda making their bias tendencies a serious problem. Fox news was the most popular news coverage during the 2003 invasion on Iraq. They influenced other media outlets to cover war in the same way. CNN and MSNBC do not cover war the same way as Fox. The media has a tendency to leave out important information while covering war. They usually only show the pro-war side and not the anti-war side. As we all know, the media is a huge part of our every day lives. Whether we notice it or not, television and the Internet is our main source to obtain information. It is commonly used and widespread because it is used in many countries. Today, most people have phones that can access the Internet making a source of media right at your fingertips. We want to believe everything the media says because they are delivering important information about our country, but unfortunately it is not always accurate. Some believe media coverage is mainly influenced by national contexts. Coverage is expected to vary from news station to news station (Gerhards and Schafer 2013). A news station has different journalist, which separates every station from each other. Each station may believe in different historical and cultural characteristics. Other differences are socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes, self-perceptions and motivations of journalists (Gerhards and Schafer 2013). Each station has a specific domestic view. Gerhards and Schafer did a study where...
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...independent Arabic satellite station, Al Jazeera has had to face endless critics most of whom are from the West for its Arabic sentiments. Despite all accusations, the station has only grown in popularity in the Middle East and among Arabs around the world. B. While Western countries such as the US and Russia have expressed their reservations about the objectivity of the station, its audiences has only been growing especially among Arabs. Its stance on popularizing Arabic sentiments may be due to its location and the cultural beliefs of its target audience, reporters and owners. Thesis Statement: Using Al Jazeera and the New York Times as primary cases, this paper explores how the location of a media outlet and culture of its primary employees and target audience can affect the ways in which news items are reported. As it was briefly discussed, Al Jazeera’s primary reporting obligations may possibly be to protect the interests of its region and culture. This paper explains how and why media outlets may, perhaps unwillingly, take stances on many matters just because of their locations and cultures. II. Body Paragraphs A. Al Jazeera and its Arabic, Middle East Possible Bias: i. Qatari, and indeed Middle East’s, most popular satellite television, Al Jazeera has been hailed and criticized in equal measure for its daring, high quality and alleged biased (in the case of critics) news coverage. Its reporting of issues in the Middle East is unrivalled while its coverage...
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...Running Head: Case Study 1 Case Study #1 Clinical Psychology: Severe Depression Princess Coles ABS 200 Introductions to Applied Behavioral Sciences Instructor Weniger 08/4/2015 Severe depression is one of the many mental illnesses that affect one out of ten Americans. Severe depression involves, extreme or constant feeling of sadness, loss of interest in activities and even relationships. Those suffering from depression might even struggle with the feeling of worthlessness and repeated thoughts of suicide. Therefore the effects are not only psychological but physical as well. According to Kessler author of Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States International Journal Of Methods In Psychiatric Research, (3), 169. About 17% of people are likely to experience some kind of depression at some point in their lives. I have chosen this topic of interest because it is important to help those suffering from depression understand that there is help and that with treatment they can lead a more positive way of thinking. Some mental health problems are caused by dysfunctional ‘ways of thinking’-either about self or the world (e.g. in major depression) and many anxiety disorders are characterized by a bias towards processing threatening or anxiety relevant information. Cognitive behavioral therapy is generally perceived as an evidence based and cost effective form of treatment that can...
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...and the West Mustapha Ettobi McGill University Introduction In 1990, Edward Said wrote an article entitled “Embargoed Literature” which was published in The Nation. In it, he argues that Arabic literature is “embargoed” in the West even if one of its most prominent figures, the Egyptian novelist and short story writer Naguib Mahfouz, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988. Said spoke of some “singular” reasons for this situation: [...] of all the major world literatures, Arabic remains relatively unknown and unread in the West for reasons that are unique, and I think remarkable at a time when tastes here [the United States] for the non-Western are more developed than before and, even more compelling, contemporary Arabic literature is at a particularly interesting juncture (Said 372). Although Said’s article was well received by Arab and non Arab critics and researchers (such as Richard Jacquemond, 1992), its main argument was also challenged by other critics and scholars such as Peter Clark (2000). The latter maintained that Arabic literature in translation has significantly progressed since 1988 and has been more reviewed and studied than before. In this article, I do not intend to either defend or question Said’s view but would like to examine an important issue which is central to his article: the impact of geopolitical conflicts on literary translation. I will be looking specifically at the influence of conflicts between the Arab world and the West on the translation...
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...Final Exam This study guide should help you organize your preparation for the exam. The exam will consist of 40 multiple-choice questions (taken from the text and the class discussion). 1. Introduction to Organizational Behavior and Management What is Organizational Behavior? Why do we study organizational behavior? 2. Personality What shapes personality? What are some of the key dimensions of personality? Big 5: the five dimensions of personality Core-self evaluation, Type A personality Case: Warner Cable (A&B) 3. Perception What is perception? Factors that influence perception (e.g., personality, needs, etc) How to people make attributions(cues about the causes of behavior?: consensus, consistency, distinctiveness Common perceptual errors (e.g., Fundamental attribution errors, Self-serving bias, recency, and etc.) Exercise: Alligator River 4. Motivation Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Prosocial motivation Positive reinforcement Need theory Expectancy theory Equity theory Goal setting theory Characteristics of goals (e.g., easy vs. challenging; specific vs. vague) Job Characteristic Model(designing jobs to enhance intrinsic motivation Case: Karen Leary (A) Case: Honey and Beard...
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...a jury pool which is where the individuals are selected from a community simply by using a fair random method. Then, a list of names for the jury are collected from Voter's registration and driver's license or state ID renewals. Next, there are summonses mailed to different citizens and that’s where a panel of jurors are appointed to a courtroom and randomly picked to serve in the jury box. Third, the judge and attorneys have an option whether or not to challenge for a cause argument or use one of the peremptory challenges based on jurisdiction. Lastly, the jury in certain jurisdictions must be death qualified to remote those who are opposed to the death penalty. Here are a few cases that helped controlled the systemic discrimination of the courts in this process: 1880 decision of Strauder v. West Virginia, United States v. Nelson, Swain v. Alabama, Purkett v. Elem, and Batson v. Kentucky just to name a few. Jury nullification is used in relation to diversity because it's based on an ultimately destructive sentiment of racial kinship that prompts particular individuals of given race to care more about their own than people of race, stated Kennedy. Peremptory challenge is where the jury selection has a right for the attorneys to get rid of a lot of potential juror without to state a reason why. While on the other hand, other potential jurors may be challenged for a cause why...
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...Assignment on “Meet the BRIC” Case Study | ITB 301Section: 3Spring 2012Submitted to:Salma AkterLecturerDepartment of Business Administration.East West University, Dhaka.Submitted byArafat Rauf2009-2-10-345Date of Submission: 28th March 2012 | Letter of Transmittal March 28, 2012 Salma Akter, Senior lecturer East West University Subject: Submission of Assignment on “Meet the BRIC” case study Dear Madam, I have prepared an Assignment on “Meet the BRIC” case study. It was an energizing experience throughout the semester and preparing this assignment further enhanced my insight about International Business. I hope that this report fulfils your requirements and your feedback is very much necessary to overcome my faults and lacking. This will help me in my entire life. It is my pleasure to carry out this assignment under your supervision. I would like to request you to accept my report for further assessment and I will be available to answer any question for clarification. Thank you for your sincere support. Yours sincerely, Arafat Rauf 2009-2-10-345 Table of contents Title | Page number | - BRIC | 4 | Economic growth of BRIC | 7 | Question 1: Map the proposed sequence of the evolution of the economy of the BRIC’s. What indicators might companies monitor to guide their investments and organize their local market operations? | 8 | Question 2: What are the implications of the emergence of the BRICs for careers and companies in your country? | 8...
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...In 2014-2015 the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) occurred in West African history. There were 28,646 diagnosed cases of Ebola reported in which 11,000 deaths were reported officially. In the initial months of the outbreak response were poorly coordinated and limited since there were little-known knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to Ebola. When responding to an outbreak public education and engagement of community is an important factor since it can be used to help stop an outbreak. In 2014 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) conducted a small-scale public knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) study using a small sample of Sierra Leone. Within less than one month in the study, the KAP study was an important tool used in 2014 by the Sierra Leone National Social Mobilisation Pillar, supported by Catholic Relief Service (CRS), and US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to inform public and community engagement strategies on Ebola prevention, control and treatment in Sierra Leone. As the outbreak widen the focus of the community was to improve the public knowledge, practice, and attitude toward Ebola until the help arrive. Such may include isolating infected patients, washing hands, handling...
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...The Use of the Death Penalty A Paper Presented by the National Policy Committee to The American Society of Criminology National Policy Committee James Austin, Chair Kitty Calavita Roland Chilton Jeffrey Fagan Calvin C. Johnson Delores Jones-Brown Mark Moore Ira Schwartz Linda Teplin Franklin Zimring November 2001 The findings and opinions contained herein are those of the National Policy Committee and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the American Society of Criminology. Ronald Weitzer, Professor of Sociology, Dana Coleman, Research Assistant, and Sarah Benatar, Graduate Research Assistant at the Institute on Crime, Justice, and Corrections at George Washington University provided substantial assistance in the preparation of this document. Introduction Capital punishment is among the most hotly debated issues in American politics. Passions run high for both those who want the death penalty abolished and those who seek to preserve or expand its use. What follows is a summary of key issues in the death penalty debate, research findings on the application of capital punishment, and a discussion of policy considerations. The American Society of Criminology (ASC) is greatly concerned with the death penalty and its application in the United States. This year, ASC President Ronald Huff and the ASC Executive Board authorized the ASC’s National Policy Committee (NPC) to develop a policy paper that would focus on...
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...AS RESEARCH METHODS (UNIT 3) REVISION NOTES A. QUALITATIVE PRIMARY SOURCES (Used by Interpretivists) CASE STUDIES |Advantages |Disadvantages | |Enables you to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of a group under |Not possible to generalize on the basis of its findings. Solutions = carry | |study (Ken Pryce = single West Indian Community in Bristol. Blackman |out a number of case studies of the same type of phenomenon (Zuboff ’88 = | |(’97) = detailed study of homeless in Brighton.) |case studies of 8 organizations to discover the impact of I.T.) | |Generate new hypothesis which can be tested against other data or in | | |later studies (P. Willis = produced a no. of hypothesis about the | | |relationship between education & capitalist societies.) | | LIFE HISTORIES |Advantages |Disadvantages | |Allows the researcher to see the world from the social actor’s point of |Questions raised about the accuracy...
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...Journal of Financial Economics 64 (2002) 243–284 Liquidity risk and specialness$ Andrea Buraschia,*, Davide Meninia,b a London Business School, Institute of Finance, Sussex Place, Regents Park, London NW1 4SA, UK b Morgan Stanley, UK Received 11 July 2000; received in revised form 4 April 2001 Abstract Repo contracts, the most important form of collateralized lending, are widely used by financial institutions and hedge funds to create short-selling positions and manage their leverage profile. Moreover, they have become the primary tool of money management and monetary control of several central banks, including the Bundesbank and the newly born European Central Bank. This paper is an empirical study of this market. More specifically, we study the extent to which the current term structure of long term ‘‘special’’ repo spreads discount the future collateral value (specialness) of Treasuries. We ask whether repo spreads embed a liquidity risk premium and whether such a risk premium is time-varying. We quantify the size of the average liquidity risk premium and we provide empirical evidence of the extent of its time-variation. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: G12; G13; G14; C22; C31; E43 Keywords: Liquidity risk; Treasury bonds; Repo contracts; Special repo rate; Expectation hypothesis; Treasury auctions The authors want to thank Federico Bandi, Ravi Bansal, Jacob Boudoukh, Mark Britten-Jones, Ian Cooper, Francesco Corielli, Mark Fisher...
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...PROPOSAL TITLE: Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): Challenges for sustainable peace and security in West Africa? NAME: MICHELLE GOH YIN MEI STUDENT ID: 009937 DATE: May 7th, 2012 LECTURER: Howard Loewen INTRODUCTION This research will investigate and analyse how the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) functions as a peace keeping military security unit in the West African sub-region. It is also an analytical project relevant to the peacekeeping efforts and national security of the region that would identify challenges that ECOWAS may face, in keeping with their objectives. This research will also provide suggestions and explore ways to combat issues in order for ECOWAS to achieve their objectives. This research will be able to identify the cause and possible solutions to the political instability in the West African sub-region. REGIONS The issues of West African regions are important and pose fundamental findings that would that would tackle issues such as military intervention, governance, peace building, peacekeeping, and national security. Peacekeeping and security will intensify and promote economic benefits as well as development process in the West African region benefitting the region, the people and the overall prosperity of the nation. West Africa consists of 15 countries which are a part...
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