A. The Rise of Imperialism in India.

In the 1600's, the trade business was booming, India's rich resources in materials and man power enticed several European country's interest. The subcontinent, at the time, had many colonies with leaders that were not unified. They also had many years of internal conflict that weakened their government making it an attractive target to be taken over. It was England, in the end, that overthrew India's government and claimed her for England. They did this by first dominating the trade business. Then raised an army called the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive. The Mughal Empire was weak and vulnerable after years of internal conflict between Muslims and Hindus. The English took advantage of the situation using the Mughal empire to establish their administration and the Sepoy Indians to help enforce their rule.

A1. The Reaction of the Indigenous people.
The natives were reluctant bystanders to the change in leadership. The Indian people also resented the constant racism that the British expressed towards them (Roda, 2013). As the British continued to expand their ideas and power over the Indians, they were insensitive to the native traditions and customs. As an example of this, the Sepoy Indian army, which consists mostly of Muslims and Hindus, were supplied with bullet cartridges greased with pork and beef fat. Both animals are regarded as sacred or forbidden in Hindu and Islamic culture. This caused a revolt on May 10, 1857. In 1877 British parliament stepped in, claiming the entire subcontinent under British rule and proclaimed Queen Victoria as the Empress of India. The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, was sent into exile.

B. The causative factors and goals:
The Russian Revolution in 1917. (violent)
The Russian Revolution refers to two revolutions. The Russian people were frustrated, dealing with many years of their government's inefficiency and corruption. During WWI, failures in military leaders left Russian soldiers Ill-equipped and poorly led. Russian armies suffered major losses in battle after battle against German armies. Food and supplies were scarce for peasants and soldiers alike. The people of Russia took a stand and a revolution began, violent uprising everywhere. On March 12 of 1917, the Duma assumed control and set up a Provisional government to lead. A few days later, Tsar Nicholas II, was forced to abdicate his throne. The second revolution was in September of 1917. It was clear that the main social and economical problems that caused the uprising in March still existed. The second uprising, on October 26th of 1917, led to Lenin and his Bolsheviks taking control of the country. The Russian people's fight for stability had come to an end.

Orange Revolution in Ukraine. (non violent)

The people of the Ukraine handled their revolution in an entirely different manner. It was prompted by reports from several domestic and foreign election monitors as well as the widespread public perception that the results of the run-off vote of 21 November 2004 between leading candidates Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych were rigged by the authorities in favor of the latter. From November 2004 to January 2005, thousands of protesters demonstrated daily by civil disobedience, sit-ins, and general strikes organized by the opposition movement. The goal in this revolution was similar to the others, it was social, economical, and political reform. On 3 December 2004, Ukraine's Supreme Court decided that due to the scale of the electoral fraud it became impossible to establish the election results. The court ordered a revote of the run-off to be held on 26 December 2004. Yanukovych lost the revote. He eventually accepted defeat, later stating he wanted to avoid bloodshed.

References:

Roda, A. (2013, April 7). The Age of Imperialism: British Imperialism in India. Retrieved May 28, 2015, from http://historoda.com/2013/04/06/the-age-of-imperialism-british-imperialism-in-india/

Anderson, C. (2007). Indian Uprising 1857-8: Prisons, prisoners, and rebellion. Retrieved June 3, 2015.

Meissner, D. (2007). The Russian Revolution of 1917. Retrieved June 3, 2015.

Orange Revolution. (2015, February 17). Retrieved June 3, 2015.

The assassination of Tsar Nichoklas II [video]. (2007). Retrieved June 3, 2015.