...A comparison of the Virginia Resolutions on the Stamp Act (1765) and the Association of the New York Sons of Liberty (1773) Darrell Hareford 10/14/2012 An examination of two documents from Eric Foner’s Voices of Freedom reader – Vol I and their relevance to the historical point in time in American History. Taxation was stirring sharp conflict between Great Britain and the British colonists of North America in the mid-18th century. The British colonists of North America lived under a quasi-self-government created in the early 1600’s. Powerful men in the colonies established their own devices and alliances for the raising and spending of money. The arguments of liberty and freedom were to become the tenets of choice in their debate to defend this power. This paper will explore this argument through the Virginia Resolutions on the Stamp Act (1765) from the House of Burgesses, and a resolution from the Sons of Liberty of New York City (1773). Their writings are tempered only by the politeness of the society of learned men, but let no one doubt that they took affront to the loss in authority and the economic impact of recent taxation decisions by Great Britain. The House of Burgesses was established in 1619 as a representative body to govern in a legislative assembly and was created by the Virginia Company to make conditions more amenable by encouraging English craftsman to settle in North America. The Virginia Company set up a system of self-government which was composed...
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...“Give me liberty, or give me death!” was said by a man named Patrick Henry before declare we declared war on Britain. That is what happened even before the revolutionary war men, women , and slaves were risking their lives for liberty. These people would help spark the revolution. These sparks would be helped to be ignited by the Sons of Liberty’s actions, what happens in Concord and Lexington, and the pamphlet called Common sense questioning the king’s actions. The Sons of Liberty’s action will help light the spark that helped our revolution.The now famous “tea party” was organized by an Son of Liberty named Samuel Adams. That night of the “tea party” was the Sons of Liberty’s protest of the 1773 Tea Act. Later on in 1775, Some local militiamen ran into some British soldier ,which marked the first shoots of the Revolution, so two Sons of Liberty raced on horseback to warn the residents of the British(“Sons”). The Sons of Liberty’s contribution helped spark the revolution with the “tea party” , the midnight ride, and many other ways....
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...On Liberty (1859) identified John Stuart Mill’s views on defence of liberty and limited government. Mill asserts that ‘nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised over the individual.’ To encounter individual rights, what if the individual liberties of two people are getting conflict with each other? Mill states liberalism concerns about ‘harm principle’ which ‘the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.’ If the individual action does not directly harm other’s interests, the behaviour should not be interfered in spite of the refusal from general public. Harm is classified as ‘self-regarding’ and ‘other-regarding’ in which the authority can interfere with the latter. ‘Self-regarding’ is defined as harms only concerns personally, his independence of right, in which should not be prohibited under the major premise – being unaffected to any individual else. However, Mill argues that society has the responsibility of warming others to prevent an individual potential danger as other’s interests are going to be infringed . It presents the thought of ‘other-regarding’. Additionally, other-regarding is composed of ‘hurt’ and ‘harm’ among which ‘physical pain (a hurt) does not constitute a harm unless it also entails a setback to an interest.’ According to the excerpt, Mill declares ‘over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign’...
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...Patrick Henry had many people oppose to his speech. He delivered a message in his “Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death” speech. The speech took place at a church in Virginia on March 23, 1775. The message of the speech was that he would rather die than not to receive the liberty Americans deserved. He wanted the American people to be treated equally. Patrick Henry felt like the British were a threat to the freedom that the American people. Patrick Henry then later a Federalist, Henry had opposed to the ratification of the United States Constitution. He believed in the endangered state sovereignty and had worked to get the bill of rights added to the constitution. According to ‘just intent’ is said to be like having ‘restoration of peace and protection of the innocent’ as the final goal. Neither revenge and economic gain were said to be fairly served. The side responsible for starting the war did not have restoration of peace as its ultimate goal. Americans main motivation was to evade taxes as Englishmen as well as for the atrocities supposedly committed by the British. They believed that the British government was being unjust. It was believed that rebellion against authority was to be dictatorial that is when the case can be made that the American Revolution meets that standard....
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...Napoleon's Consulate Reforms betrayed the principles of the French Revolution" To what extent is this true? In napoleons consolidating section "he oversaw the development of a police state that Louis XVI could never had dreamed of" said Francois Furet. this was said to be achieved through a gradual increase in power through the series of reforms in which he would have completely changed the course of French History. Many of the key aspects of the french society which Napoleon reformed were for the Political, electoral systems as well as education, social, religious and financial. these reforms set out his path to his overall power being established, however this question also leads to the debate on wether he upheld the principles of the French Revolution, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity as people like Sutherland believes he has betrayed many of the principles with the majority of his reforms and as a result has betrayed the Revolutionary principles what the new republic were founded upon. Napoleon reformed key aspects of the French electoral and governmental systems in such a way that it lead many to believe he had betrayed the principles of the Revolution. One way in which people disagreed with that statement was because on the surface level the electoral reforms seemed to be a good thing, six million people were entitled to a vote, unlike the Ancien Regime, this promoted liberty and equality. Also another positive for the Revolutionary principles was the fact...
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...the charge. The stalemate culminated in a small revolt. Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty marched among two hundred men to the wharf. Hollering war chants, they descended onto the ships and threw the offending cargo into the water (Brady 1). Typically, this event defines the quintessential grievance of the colonists; “no taxation without representation” (Waldman 40). Popular images such as the Boston Tea Party typified the revolution as a secular fight for political and economic liberty. However, religion played an equally significant role in the American Revolution. In America’s fight for political independence, different groups used religion to help to mobilize the success of the American Revolution. Patriotic, clergy referenced the Bible to justify the rebellious American spirit against British rule and unite their congregations. Furthermore, political revolutionaries manipulated this public spirituality to gain a stronger and necessary support in the country’s fight for independence. Clergymen, who allied with the revolutionary movement, tactfully utilized religion to justify the rebellion by rejecting Britain as the legitimate political leader of the colonies. Though the Bible explicitly calls for obedience to civil authority, Reverend Jonathan Mayhew overcame this contradiction to the revolution. He contested the King of England’s right to power. To achieve this, he recalled the king’s crimes against God and...
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...world. It's easier to let them have their way, then trick them when they're not paying attention” (Paolini). Thomas Paine was born January 29th 1737 in England. He was considered a Quaker. “In 1774, he met Benjamin Franklin in London, who advised him to emigrate to America, giving him letters of recommendation” (Humanities commuting). Paine had entered Philadelphia where he felt tension because of the Boston Tea Party. Thomas agreed on people revolting against the government who requires to tax them. He thought the America did not need to be dependent with England. Paine realized that there needed to be a separation of colonies. On June 10th 1176 pain had a lot of ideas about independence...
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...Colonists living in America were not justified in their revolt against the ruling British government. After the French and Indian War, which ended in 1763, the British needed to collect taxes in order to pay for soldiers to defend the newly won land. In addition it would only be just for the British government to have the colonists pay a tax after protecting them from the French. However, the American colonists, did not want taxation without representation, so they took matters into their own hands to revolt and free themselves from British rule. The first piece of evidence that proves that the colonists were not justified in revolting is from the Stamp Act Documents, Source B. Published by the London Paper in January 27, 1766, this primary source letter was later republished by the Boston Gazette Supplement. Initially the document was written to inform the people of England about the anger in the American colonies against the Stamp Act. In the letter, the author states, “I would have been less surprised by their behavior if we had taxed their beer, because everyone drinks beer. But the Stamp Act is a tax on none of the necessities of life. It does not affect the poor. And even a poor person can afford this little amount of money.” The language in the document shows the disbelief of the author....
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...the United States and around the World Raul Lopez-Rodriguez Liberty University Online CJUS 230 Professor: Jeffrey Sexton July 31, 2013 Abstract This document explore the advance and disadvantages of the death penalty in the United States. The death penalty has been used by many countries including Europe in the early years of society. In addition, during the years, death penalty has been an option to suppress those who are not so privilege in society. The death penalty crime in those areas, where the Capital punishment is permitted those states are in a higher crime rate. The American Civil Liberties Union has been one of the most important organization in the world in support of many human rights and are against the death penalty. Since, the American Civil Liberties Union gives us; some of the reasons that helps to understand why this punishment does not help to minimize crimes in our society. Although, many lawyers are use or put on the cases to help those in need to be free, there has been many of those lawyers who if they are not paid a good amount of money they will not work hard enough to get them what they deserve which is their liberty. Christianity has not been in support of the death penalty at all and it has been working against the destruction of human beings using the bible as their back up and the Holy Ghost who change people hearts. The death penalty is against the rights of defendant and cannot be supported from a Christian...
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...any representation of the colonies. Accumulate power – insulted – stamp act – sons of liberty – tar and feathers- stamp act congress(new york) came up with no taxation without representations inspired from Daniel Delaney “considerations” - b. The colonists justified their rebellion against the government based on the philosophy of John Lock, in which he wrote that the creation of government was formed in order to protect the natural rights granted to each human of life, liberty, and property. He therefore claimed that if the government violates these rights, the citizens have the right to revolt and claim what is theirs. Well read – drew from John Lock – glorious revolution =parlemant exiles stuarts and invited new dynasty - c. The colonist feared the pressures of a free standing army present and the monarchal environment it would create. Delcloratory act – colonists heckles soldiers leading to boston massacre – first black marder – john adams defends and wins 2. Briefly discuss the significance of all of the following: the Tea Act, the Boston Tea Party, the Coercive Acts, The First Continental Congress. - Tea act not repealed – merchents no longer make money – sons of liberty responds with boston tea party THE TEA ACT The Tea Act was enacted by the parliament was a method of bailing out the East India Tea Company. However, the act not only forced the colonist to buy what they have boycotted, but it also limited the merchants who were able to buy and...
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...Megan’s Law and Sexual Offender Registration Although I found both questions quite interesting, I chose to reply about the “community rights” of both the offender and community to respond to. However, because this chapter is so enlightening (for personal retention of the information), I had to also address Megan’s (and others) law. Because to my surprise they have proven to be ineffective and don’t work! Laws aimed at people convicted of sex offenders may not protect children from sex crimes but do lead to harassment, ostracism and even violence against former offenders, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today (09/12/2007). Human Rights Watch urges the reform of state and federal registration and community notification laws, and the elimination of residency restrictions, because they violate basic rights of former offenders. The Adam Walsh Act, passed in 2006, will exacerbate the problems with state sex offender laws. It forces states to either dramatically increase the scope and duration of registration and community notification restrictions-including requiring states to register youths as young as 14-or lose some federal law enforcement grant money. Compliance with the Adam Walsh Act will preclude states from adopting more carefully calibrated and cost-effective registration and community notification policies. At least some states are debating whether the costs of complying with the law faroutweighs the benefits. Human Rights Watch urges reform of the Adam...
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...Chapter 9 The Market Revolution 51. Complaint of a Lowell Factory Worker 1. The female factory worker compared her conditions with those of slaves because she felt like they were being treated like slaves by not being allowed to speak for themselves. She felt that they were awed into silence by wealth and power and was under tyranny and cruel oppression 2. She doubt the sincerity of the Christian beliefs of the factory owners because they talk benevolence in the parlor, compel their help to labor for a mean and paltry pittance in the kitchen. They manifest great concern for souls of the heathen in distant lands and care for nobody else besides their own. 52. Immigrants Arriving in New York City 1. The tone the reporter adopted regarding the immigrants is hostile because of how he describes the immigrants and how they looked. He described them having degraded faces with many stamps of inferiority. 2. The aspirations the reporter thinks are uppermost in the immigrant’s minds is hope, freedom, and a chance to work, and food to the laboring man. 53. A Woman in the Westward Movement 1. Moving west altered tradition expectations of women’s roles by proving that they could endure rough conditions from moving west. They were left to be lonely and the burdens of pioneer life. 2. Mrs. Noble’s main complaints about her situation on the frontier was carrying her infants and not being able to sleep because of thinking about wild beasts. She...
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...merchant who specialized in manufacturing leather boots. For many years he ran his business as a sole proprietor. By 1892, his sons had become interested in taking part in the business. Salomon decided to incorporate his business as a Limited Liability Company, Salomon & Co. Ltd. At the time the legal requirement for incorporation was that at least seven persons subscribe as members of a company i.e. as shareholders. The shareholders were Mr. Salomon, his wife, daughter and four sons. Two of his sons became directors; Mr. Salomon himself was managing director. Mr. Salomon owned 20,001 of the company's 20,007 shares - the remaining six were shared individually between the other six shareholders. Mr. Salomon sold his business to the new corporation for almost £39,000, of which £10,000 was a debt to him. He was thus simultaneously the company's principal shareholder and its principal creditor. When the company went into liquidation, the liquidator argued that the debentures used by Mr. Salomon as security for the debt were invalid, on the grounds of fraud. The judge, Vaughan Williams J. accepted this argument, ruling that since Mr. Salomon had created the company solely to transfer his business to it, the company was in reality his agent and he as principal was liable for debts to unsecured creditors. The Appeal: The Court of Appeal also ruled against Mr. Salomon, though on the grounds that Mr. Salomon had abused the privileges of incorporation and limited liability,...
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...the trial, he was able to get six of the men acquitted without any punishment at all. But what many of the viewers of the trail, including the jury, saw to be the most important and effective part of the hearing was Adams’s closing argument. He begins his case with a quote of the “rights of mankind”, and then proceeds through his speech with heightened uses of hyperbole. Adams also includes multiple uses of rhetorical questions to place the viewers and the jury in the position of the soldiers, and uses personification to emphasize the necessary consideration of facts in the trial. Through his use of language, John Adams argues that all men deserve justice based on facts rather than opinions. Adams begins his speech with an epigraph from Marquis of Beccaria, an Italian politician, philosopher,...
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...The United States has been an example in following the United Nations Convention against Torture (UNCAT) since 1984. Any use of torture was considered not only as an infringement of the human rights, but also an infringement to the same convention which United States was a signer. Nevertheless, the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist incursion changed the United States position against torture. Officials who were highly concerned about the security of the country voted for a start of a war against terrorism. During the same period any interrogation techniques, whether conventional or unconventional, were used on suspects to gain intelligence about any presumable imminent terrorist attack. The United States violated the UNCAT and began torturing its suspects. Many incidents reported by the media since 2002 revealed that prison guards were instructed to “prepare” prisoners for the interrogation suggesting the use of torture to intimidate them before the interrogation starts (“The Legal Prohibition”). These events caused a debate on the authorization of torture. The UNCAT signed by the United States defines torture as a dehumanizing interrogation...
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