...tAccess to History Online Edexcel Unit 1 – E3/F3 The Collapse of the Liberal State and the Triumph of Fascism in Italy, 1896–1943 Edexcel – AS GCE Unit 1: Historical Themes in Breadth Option E and F E3/F3 The Collapse of the Liberal State and the Triumph of Fascism in Italy, 1896–1943 General Advice for Unit 1 General Advice for Unit 1 Approaching Unit 1 Unit 1 answers require you to produce a reasoned, analytical essay that comes to a judgement as to extent, significance, importance etc. To reach a Level 5 answer of 25–30 marks you need to write an evaluative or integrated essay that answers the essay question set, showing direct understanding and backed up by detailed, accurate supporting evidence spread across the time period specified. You will almost certainly need to achieve at least one High Level 4 and a Level 5 answer to gain an A grade. Most candidates produce an essay which provides some of the above qualities but not all, achieving at least Level 3 (starting at 13 marks). You will almost certainly need to produce two Level 3 answers to gain an E grade. The key to gaining a good grade is to try to produce an essay with all the required qualities. However, before you can write your essay it is essential that you know your topic. In the specification (exam guidelines) each topic is divided into four bullet points across a specified period of time. You need to revise all the information for your topic because the questions asked can be about the whole topic...
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...World War 1 (WW1), from 1914 and 1918, and World War 2 (WW2), which occurred between 1939 and 1945, were two significant battles known to almost all Americans today. These wars were caused by several factors, in which some are alike and some are different. Their causes differ in that one of World War 1’s reasons for war included the German U-boats sinking the Lusitania. On the other hand, one different cause of World War 2 was the Treaty of Versailles. Both wars are alike in that they both were caused due to militarism, imperialism, and nationalism. In analyzing the causes of both wars, it’s crucial to know that there were similarities and differences because of their time periods of occurrence (for different events happening) as well as the...
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...War is a horrible, destructive thing. What some people do not comprehend is, in war, consequences occur for everyone. Not only are the parties involved impacted, but almost everything else is influenced by the cancerous reach of war. The influence of war isn’t a positive thing either, everything can potentially be negatively impacted by its call, and for this, no war should be considered worth the effort. A good example of this is WW1, in which almost every aspect Canadian life was influenced by the war one way or another. WW1 lasted 4 years, and in this time period over 32 countries got involved in the conflict. Out of the countries the repercussions of the War affected, the primitive and young Canada suffered great negative impacts. One can...
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...The history of war is marked by ever increasingly powerful and odious weapons, but of all the weapons of war both ancient and modern none is more dastardly than chemical warfare. The very use of chemical warfare has been outlawed since WW1 and will get you charged with war crimes if you are found using it. Chemical warfare, is tactical warfare using incendiary mixtures, smokes, or irritant, burning, poisonous, or asphyxiating gases. This is the definition as listed in the Merriam Webster dictionary. Chemical warfare in WW1 was deplorable because it was used extensively on the Western front, the chemical gasses had many effects and properties, the soldiers were scarred mentally by the memory of the gas, and the bodies suffered horrible internal...
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...WW1 was one of the worst international wars and the first part of the war america stayed out of it. It caused a boom in the economy because they had guns and supplies and they sold it for really high prices to britain and france. But america entered because they were attacked by germany and innocent civilians died and it stirred people up in anger and then caused the U.S.A to enter the war. America's contribution was essential to the winning of the war or else the war would have been won by germany. One reason why the U.S enter the war was because germany kept killing innocent people and threatening to torpedo down our passenger liners because they were trying to keep britain from receiving supplies. But also the fact that a us building was bombed and that stirred the people up in anger with the german’s so that led us to support the allies in ww1 and 2 and the germans tried to keep us out because they believed they could win but they stirred us up in anger and got us to enter and defeat germany....
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...History Assessment: How Has WW1 Been Remembered? WW1 has, and always will be seen as one, if not the most significant war in all of history. One of the reasons for it being such a tragic event was that it was deemed at the time to have been ‘the war to end all wars,’ however that tragically was not the case. World War One was caused by several contributing factors, which resulted on Britain declaring war on Germany. They are: The alliance system, Imperialism, The Naval Race, The Schlieffen Plan and finally, the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. 1. The alliance system: At the end of the 19th century, alliances were made between countries. The alliances were formed so that if any of the countries in an alliance went to war, the other countries would have to help the country that had gone to war. At this point, there were two major alliances. The first consisted of Germany, Austro-Hungary and Italy, named the Triple Alliance. The other, made up of Britain, France and Russia, was named the Triple Entente. As these alliances were formed, there became immediate friction between the two alliances, as each one tried to overpower the other. 2. Imperialism: At that time, Kaiser, as well as the rest of Germany wanted a vast empire, like the British. Although they had the money as well as the resources, they had nothing to show for it. Kaiser wanted Germany to have access to raw materials and new markets. He also wanted to give Germany more respect. This angered Britain as Germany were...
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...Though morally, World War One would be seen as a frowny face in society, it actually had greatly impacted the United States in some good ways and would affect the future of the Americans way of living and preparedness. During World War One (WW1), the United States faced many problems with the war. The war gave opportunities and at the same time caused many problems. WW1 made social, political, and economic impacts on the U.S. Homefront. The social impact WW1 had on the U.S. was that it gave women and African Americans the opportunity for better work in the North while the white men were away at war. Women got to prove that they can do a “man’s job”. In which, opened the eyes of America of what women can do, and this helps women greatly...
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...Dillon Milliron 4-3-14 Period 6th WWI Essay World War I is known as the war to end all wars. This statement was obviously not accurate. There are many topics that caused WWI but the main causes are militarism, nationalism, the building of alliances and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The two alliances that fought against one another in this war were the Triple Entente which consisted of France, United Kingdom, Russia (whose place in the war would later be taken by the United States of America) and the Central Powers which consisted of Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary. WWI took place mainly in various parts of Europe. The Great War lasted for 4 years, from July 28, 1914 to November 11, 1918. Militarism, nationalism, and the forming of alliances are what escalated and kicked off World War I. Militarism is the belief that a country should build and maintain the strongest army. Every country in the world has the desire to possess the strongest and largest army, stronger and larger than all other countries. During the build up to WWI there was a mad scramble to build the strongest army amongst all of the countries that participated in the war. France, Germany, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Austria-Hungary, and the United States all wanted to prove that their army was superior to all others. There is no better way to prove that your military is the best then to put it into war against another military. Building a strong military was not cheap at all, “Counting...
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...In 1914, the first World War broke out, and lasted until 1918. Prior to the war, an abundance of changes were happening in Europe. Many of these changes increased tensions among the countries in Europe, which was arguably one of the main causes of the war. Another large part of why the war started was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. He was assassinated by a Serbian man, which caused Austria-Hungary to issue an ultimatum to make Serbia pay for the death. When Serbia rejected the ultimatum, Austria declared war. WW1 is also referred to as the Great War. This poses the question, What were the effects of this great war? The war affected citizens of the world in many different social, economic, and political ways. The war took over people's lives. Because WW1 was a total war, countries devoted all of their energy and resources to the war. By the end of the war, “Europe had lost more men in battle than in all of the wars of the previous three centuries.” (Book p.419). The Great War had cost many people their loved ones, and had taken over their lives. In an excerpt from All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque describes the feelings that the war brought, “I am young, I am twenty...
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...events that were inevitable, and unavoidable in the long run as there were severe socio-economic grievances that were being harbored since the 1905 revolution. The optimistic view agrees entirely that the First World War to a large extent was culpable to the fall of Tsarism, the reason behind this argument is that before WW1 was to start Russia was stable and significantly moving towards political reform and then from there eventually to a constitutional monarchy, this is backed by the October Manifesto of 1905 which gave the population a voting and electoral process to set up the State Duma, however this reform was almost cancelled out by the advent of the Fundamental Laws in 1906. The Fundamental Laws were in actuality a regain of any and every control back to the government of the Tsar which was granted previously. Here we discuss another important factor other than the war involving the collapse of the Tsarist regime, and that was Nicholas II’s personality. In 1905 the Tsar had capable and trusted ministers who advised him to make compromises and grant concessions to settle the revolution; however in 1917 the Tsar did not have this asset on his side. Also, what historians know of Nicholas II’s character is that he wanted to be a supreme ruler and autocrat like his father who he...
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...After all, Germany had lost WW1 and could only expect to be punished. Loss of territory, limits on the military and financial penalties had been the lot of losing sides in wars since ancient times, so none of them were anything new. The new Germany had taken Alsace and Lorraine from France at the end of the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, as well as imposing a huge financial indemnity on a defeated France. As Niall Ferguson points out, post WW1 Weimar Germany was easily able to afford the Reparations repayments, if only they had had the political will to pay up on time and in full. Analysis of Weimar finances bears this out; Weimar would have had to spend a much smaller % of German GDP on Reparations payments than the Kaiser did on defence, so the money was always there, as Weimar had a minimal defence budget compared to Germany under the Kaiser. Compared to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, imposed on Russia by Germany in early 1918, Versailles was a "slap on the wrist" in the words of one eminent modern historian. The popular perception of Versailles being harsh and unfair has come from constant German whinging that it was so ever since - as Hitler once said, if you tell a big enough lie for long enough, people will come to believe it. Perhaps the only really harsh part of Versailles was Article 231, the so called 'War Guilt' clause, by which Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war and thus all the damage and losses caused to the Allies during the conflict. However...
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...Hate has happened plentiful times, plentiful ways, and in plentiful places. a few things people hate today are traffic, morning alarms, and small talk(work cited).This is not about small hatreds. This is about the most well-known hatreds in history, the hate for the Jewish people. Judaism has been around for plentiful years. They believe in only one god, the god of Israel. The most well known jewish holidays are Hanukkah and Shabbat, yet they have plentiful others. The religion started from the covenant between their god and Abraham. This is what the Jewish belief is built on. Now, why are Jews the, even now, hated. One of the main reasons is that Jews had a higher amount of successful than other people. This led to jealousy of what they...
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...All Quiet on the Western Front During the course of the book All Quiet on the Western Front the trench warfare was terrible, the men were faced with inhaling toxic chemicals, uncomfortable situations, starvation and having to fight off the rats to protect their food. Living conditions and the lack of food was also another major contribution of the men slowly becoming worn out. Throughout this long battle there were also some challenges for instance the muddy conditions, classmates and close friends dying quickly. Finally this was one of the most momentous wars for the reason that, the battle lasted so long that it became a one on one battle, new guns are being created and used. WW1 is The life of a solider was described to as nonstop fighting for a long period of time. Paul has narrated that he was a part of a German army of 150 company fighting on the French front in World War 2, over a short period of time the men were quickly dying. The cook would make just enough food. Paul explains that “We cannot afford to throw the bread away, because then we should have nothing left to eat in the morning, so we carefully cut off the bits of bread that the animals gnawed”() Any food that the they have can be compared to a...
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...WW1 Significant events Many battles were fought in World War 1 and many lessons were learnt. Whether it is the advancements of technology or the new war tactics. Three of these kind of events stand out: the Gallipoli campaign in 1915, which is important as its failure influenced many countries who participated in the battles. The battle of Verdun which was the longest battle in WW1. And finally the US entering the war which, although happened towards the end of the war, influenced the battles and the decision making around the war. After the examination of these events, the most influential event of WW1 will be established and further proved to be the significant turning point in WW1. The first turning point in World War 1 is the British Campaign at Gallipoli in 1915. This campaign was important because it improved the morale of the British public, it allowed grain to more easily flow to Russia, and it kept Russia in the war, which was needed in order for the Allies to win. On November 25th 1914, Winston Churchill suggested his plan for a new war front in the Dardanelles to the British government’s War Council. On January 15th 1915, the War Council gave its agreement and British troops in Egypt were put on alert. The Central Powers were fighting primarily on two fronts – the Western and Eastern Fronts. Creating another front would force the Germans to split their army still further as they would need to support the badly rated Turkish army. When the Germans went to assist...
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...In 1918 the treaty of Versailles was created, it was implemented to end World War One and create a sense of safety for everyone except the people of Germany. All the points made on the treaty where against Germany, this lead to Germany's rebellion and the start of World War 2. In saying that, I agree with the quote “This is not a peace treaty, it is an armistice for 20 years” - Ferdinand Foch because it never did end the war, only stopped it for a while then led to a new war, a greater one. The treaty simply put too much loss on Germany which caused the civilians to suffer. This is when Hitler stepped in, he lolled the people into a sense of safety, so they followed him. What he had created in Germany is what caused the beginning of the Second World War, the peoples need for comfort and Hitler’s promise of it. The main points of the treaty of Versailles where to destroy Germany's military it accomplished this by reducing its army to 100000 men and no tanks, reducing their navy and not being permitted to build any submarines and having no air force. To return land including Alsace-Lorraine and all its colonies in Africa, china and the pacific islands. Their Rhineland was to be dematerialized causing a lot of financial loss, as well as they had to pay 33billion (US) in reparations. Union with Austria was forbidden and Germany had...
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