...chosen is mental illness, and the disease for this population is AIDS/HIV. There will be a definition and description of epidemiology in regards to HIV/AIDS, with the steps and method that was used. The Epidemiological Triangle will be define and identified, and the different types of epidemiology. The population chosen characteristics such as the influenced population’s vulnerability. This essay will also examine the values and potential cultural biases with cultural considerations that may impact health issues. There are legal and ethical consideration when working with the mentally ill. Describing the relationship of the disease to varies levels of prevention. Relevant population and the disease of this population The mentally ill the population and the disease is AIDS/HIV. Mental disorders are indiscriminate. They occur across the span and affect persons of all races, cultures genders and educational and socioeconomic group. One of the leading cause of disability is mental illness. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS have had an enormous political and social impact on society. Nearly 75% of new HIV infections occur in persons between 30-49 years may result in disrupted families and lost careers and economic productivity. (Stanhope, 2012, p317) HIV is transmitted through exposure to blood, semen, transplanted organs, vaginal secretions and breast milk (Heymann, 2008). (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2012 p.785) According to World Health Organization, “Mental health...
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...Iraq and Afghanistan as an infantryman and now lives in Portland, Ore. His friend and fellow soldier killed himself shortly after returning home. An epidemic is raging among us and some of us have no idea the problem sits next to the very flag of freedom we encounter throughout our day. Suicide is one of the many causes of death for American military forces. A research project in 2012 reported in Times Magazine regarding active duty members of the military, shows a surprising 349 veterans took their own lives; more than the death from combat operations that year. The Veteran Affairs Department estimates that 22 vets die by their own hand every day. For a veteran, the sound of a firework can spark a flashback of war; while shopping at the aisles of the super market, a veteran may suddenly feel the need to seek cover as it reminds him of being ambushed in Iraq or Afghanistan. The reality is that our patriots are leaving one battle and returning home to another. Some veterans feel ostracized, others are homelessness, have become drug addict,, and are unemployed. These problems relate to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a mental problem that involving traumatic incidents in their lives on the battlefield that trigger flashbacks, lashing out, and suicidal thoughts. These emotions are really critical because it makes them question what you are going to do going forward to avoid these issues. All suicides are tragic, but veteran suicides are extremely complex due to the...
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...The culture of weapons is the biggest reason for the US be leaders in death by firearms among developed countries. Mass shooting is defined by FBI as incidents which four or more people get shot or kill in a single event, at the same general time and location, not including the shooter. During the year of 2015, there were 372 mass shootings in the U.S. in 2015, killing 475 people and wounding 1,870 (FBI) and those numbers indicate that mass shooting events are also occurring at bigger frequency, specifically with mass public events or places, usually where the victims do not know the shooter. Those attacks are often pre-meditated with the purpose of retribution, mass-murder, terrorism, or mass-hysteria. Additionally, more than one a day is how often, on average, shootings that left people wounded or dead in the United States (Cohen, Sarah, Lafraniere and Oppel)....
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...about committing suicide. As Barry started to climb up his ladder, the girl jumped off. Luckily, Barry was close enough and strong enough and he caught her in his arms, holding her high enough to save her life. Unfortunately, however, Barry was now in an unlucky situation. Barry was out on a cold winter day when people hardly walked by, and he had in his arms, a 14 year old girl who was trying really hard to squirm out of his grasp and kill herself. Barry held on to her for an entire hour before someone passed by and called the cops. The come eventually came and helped, but not before Barry had proven to the girl, how far the world was willing to go, to save her life and keep this one lonely girl around. Suicide is a tragic and preventable mental health problem. Suicide is irrational to those who are not suicidal, but to those who are, it is the only means of escape that there is. The reason most people consider suicide to be irrational is because suicide is a permanent solution to a problem which is most often temporal. Suicide is something that can be averted but it takes time, energy and determination, especially on the part of the person who is suicidal. The effects of suicide are inevitable and do not leave immediately the person is gone. The absence of the person is still felt long afterwards. The problem, however, is that most people who end up committing suicide feel that...
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...less body fat you have the better you feel and the better your body moves. Having too much body fat can cause health risks such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease. If you have too much fat around your organs you could damage your liver. What are some factors that influence the obesity epidemic? After reading the research from the US National Library of Medicine, obesity is being affected by high fat foods, fast food intake, and too much television watching for long periods of time and not enough physical activity, and the portion size of foods being bought (Brantley 2005). What are some health problems associated with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder? Anorexia nervosa can cause osteoporosis, brittle nails and hair, yellow and dry skin, muscle weakness, constipation, low blood pressure, brain damage, and organ failure and body weakness. People who become anorexic believe that they are over-weight ("What Are Eating Disorders?", 2011). Bulimia nervosa can cause sore throat, swollen glands, tooth decay and acid reflux, intestinal issues from laxative abuse, dehydration and heart attack. People who become bulimic fear becoming over-weight ("What Are Eating Disorders?", 2011). Binge-eating disorder can cause cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure. People who binge- eats lose control over their eating and are often obese or over-weight ("What Are Eating Disorders?", 2011). Explain, from a physiological standpoint, how eating disorders may lead...
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...at Work A report prepared for The Work Foundation’s Principal Partners Ricardo Blaug Amy Kenyon Rohit Lekhi Contents Executive Summary Introduction 1. What is stress? 1.1 Defining stress 1. Explaining stress 1.3 Stress and ill-health 2. An epidemic of stress? .1 The extent of stress . The costs of stress .3 The victims of stress .4 The causes of stress 3. Why now? 3.1 Stress, work and contemporary life 3. Stress and happiness 3.3 Stress and social status 4. The sceptics 4.1 Problems of method and measurement 4. Putting stress in perspective 4.3 Therapy culture? 5. Legal and policy contexts 5.1 Stress and the law 5. Stress and public policy 6. Interventions 6.1 What does the evidence say? 6. Focussing on prevention Conclusion Bibliography 4 12 14 14 17 19 25 5 6 8 31 35 35 38 43 47 47 5 58 62 6 68 71 71 79 88 89 Stress at Work List of Tables, Figures and Boxes Table 1: Effects of stress on bodily functions Figure 1: Model of work-related stress Figure : The impact of workplace demands on physiological and psychological performance Figure 3: How stressful is your work environment? Figure 4: Overwork concern in organisations Figure 5: Self-reported Illness accentuated by work Figure 6: Estimated days lost due to self-reported work-related injury or illness Figure 7: Work-related mental ill-health Figure 8: Percentage of organisations where workers identify stress to be the leading hazard of concern by sector Figure 9: Percentage reporting high...
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...less body fat you have the better you feel and the better your body moves. Having too much body fat can cause health risks such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease. If you have too much fat around your organs you could damage your liver. What are some factors that influence the obesity epidemic? After reading the research from the US National Library of Medicine, obesity is being affected by high fat foods, fast food intake, and too much television watching for long periods of time and not enough physical activity, and the portion size of foods being bought (Brantley 2005). What are some health problems associated with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder? Anorexia nervosa can cause osteoporosis, brittle nails and hair, yellow and dry skin, muscle weakness, constipation, low blood pressure, brain damage, and organ failure and body weakness. People who become anorexic believe that they are over-weight ("What Are Eating Disorders?", 2011). Bulimia nervosa can cause sore throat, swollen glands, tooth decay and acid reflux, intestinal issues from laxative abuse, dehydration and heart attack. People who become bulimic fear becoming over-weight ("What Are Eating Disorders?", 2011). Binge-eating disorder can cause cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure. People who binge- eats lose control over their eating and are often obese or over-weight ("What Are Eating Disorders?", 2011). Explain, from a physiological standpoint, how eating disorders may lead...
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...one of the most deadly and terrifying epidemics in human history, killing over 30% of the Chinese population as well as 30-50% of the European population. Starting in 1347 and lasting through 1351, the Black Death epidemic rapidly spread, first starting in China and Central Asia and then moving westward. The Black Death has been extensively researched by thousands of historians, scientists, demographers and anthropologists and based on decades of research; the spread of the disease is believed to have originated from the Yersinia Pestis bacterium. The Yersinia Pestis bacterium is commonly found in flees which originates in the skin of various ground rodents. The bacterium comes in three forms bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. It initially spread from trading vessels and then to cities, villages, and eventually the countryside. The plague arouse so fast, people didn’t know what to do and assumed leaving their home was the best option, when in reality it caused even more of a problem. The effects of the plague lasted several decades after it was gone by causing major social, cultural, and economic problems all over the world. Despite all of the studies, researchers still have many questions on why and how the disease chose its victims and how it escalated so quickly. In order to understand the sexual mortality pattern of the Black Death plague one must look at two questions “did either sex face an elevated risk during the epidemic or were men and women at equal risk of...
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...people mental illness is still something characterized by strange, erratic or dangerous behavior. So the vast majority of mental health problems, those which don’t fit the stereotype, often stay hidden or go unrecognized. Because a depressed person’s behavior doesn’t fit the stereotype, there is a belief that their illness is somehow less real, or at least less serious. It is too easy to dismiss as ‘just sadness’, when in fact it is entirely different. For some people with depression they are unable to feel anything at all. Some people have described it to me as like being dead and alive at the same...
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...homeless need our help more than ever. Just last year, the national poverty rate rose to include 13.2 % of the population. Also, 3.5 million people were forced to sleep in parks, shelters, under bridges or in cars. Hunger and homelessness are increasing epidemics plaguing the United States. Because of the high cost of living, high unemployment rates, and low-wage jobs, countless Americans are forced to choose between food, housing, and other expenses. According to recent studies, money is being devoted to rent and utilities rather than food. 35% of the homeless population is families with children, 23% are U.S. military veterans, 25% are children under the age of 18, 20-25% suffers from mental illness and 30% have experienced domestic violence. 19.3 % of homeless people live in New York City and Los Angeles. New York City has been shown to have the highest number of homeless people in the country. The next biggest is Loss Angeles and then Seattle/King County Washington. As a result of doing nothing for the homeless, more people will become homeless. That means, more people sleeping on the streets, dying from hunger, and possibly an even higher crime rate. Economic factors play a huge role in the issue of homelessness. The number one cause of homelessness is the shortage of affordable housing. With such low incomes and low minimum wage workers, food and shelter can’t be afforded. Over the last twenty-five years, the cost of living has gradually increased but workers’ wages and income...
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...cynical side to which social media brings still widely remains hidden under the cover for many people to see. Mental illnesses are one of the more closely related issues that arise among social media users that cause serious and to some cases even life-threatening problems. Moreover, with the age of technology reaching its prime allowing just about anybody with a gadget as small as a mobile smartphone with the capability of going online, the access to social media cannot as easily be prevented as one would think. With all of us being the human beings we are, influence is a weakness we all have...
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...Stress Daily Michael Smith 4/2/2012 Stress is a common and agonizing condition that can affect many areas of life, which make it a natural part of life. It is the cause of many serious health conditions. Stress is like an epidemic and spreads very fast, affecting a person’s productivity and reduces physical and emotional health. It is a direct cause of high blood pressure which in turn leads to heart attacks and strokes, which are among the leading causes of death in the United States Stress can cause physical, emotional and mental disorders, which can affect your health, liveliness, peace of mind, as well as relationships and your job. You may feel physical stress, which is the result of too much to do, not enough sleep, a poor diet or the effects of an illness. Stress can affect you whole body, such as your muscles will tense up which can cause headaches, migraines and other muscle conditions. Your Breathing can become more rapid which can lead to hyperventilation. Stress can also affect your mental health when you worry about money, loved ones illness, retirement, or experience an emotionally devastating event, such as the death of a loved one or challenges at work. Much our stress comes from everyday responsibilities. Obligations and pressures, which are both physical and mental, are not always apparent to us. In response to these daily stressors your body automatically increases blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, metabolism and blood flow to your muscles. This response...
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...live in sub-Saharan Africa, although this region contains little more than 10% of the world’s population.1 AIDS has caused immense human suffering in the continent. The most obvious effect of this crisis has been illness and death, but the impact of the epidemic has certainly not been confined to the health sector; households, schools, workplaces and economies have also been badly affected. During 2008 alone, an estimated 1.4 million adults and children died as a result of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.2 Since the beginning of the epidemic more than 15 million Africans have died from AIDS.3 Although access to antiretroviral treatment is starting to lessen the toll of AIDS, fewer than half of Africans who need treatment are receiving it.4 The impact of AIDS will remain severe for many years to come. The impact on the health sector In all heavily affected countries the AIDS epidemic is adding additional pressure on the health sector. As the epidemic matures, the demand for care for those living with HIV rises, as does the toll of AIDS on health workers. In sub-Saharan Africa, the direct medical costs of AIDS (excluding antiretroviral therapy) have been estimated at about US$30 per year for every person infected, at a time when overall public health spending is less than US$10 per year for most African countries.5 The effect on hospitals [pic] Nurses working on the HIV ward at Kisiizi Hospital in Uganda As the HIV prevalence of a country rises, the strain placed on its hospitals...
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...ever hear a saying that you are what you eat. This saying means beware of what you are eating; how nutritious it is and. One Three fourth of the health problem today are the food we eat. The other is the environment Food Modern lifestyle makes Thai people eat more junk food for fashion. Without realization that they contain too mach fat. Fried chicken, donut, hamburger pizza in fact is less nutritious than Thai vegetable dishes .The globalization make people today prefer convenient store. No exercise, No walking, you can handle every thing with your finger click the computer or just press the number on your mobile. Life is so easy that people forget that every cell needs to be in activity to prove that it is living. Living Place The unknown disease from the forest. The epidemic like bird flu, swine flu, the Chigukunya. Emerge one after another. To me it’s like the Mother Nature is telling us that people are too much invade the habitat of wild life. The lesson from the forest then is people themselves died from either Malaria or the diseases from wild animal. This serves the human being right. Mental illness Another thing is that people are getting more and more stress. Since most people measure the success in life is measure with the money. Everyone wants to get to the top which means getting high salary. The owner of the business work hard to expand his kingdom. With this highest goal, they get more and more stress, Stress can cause so many illnesses. A stroke,...
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...Mass Shootings Mass shootings have become a recent tragic phenomenon sparking much discussion around our country. Every time we seem to flip through the news channels we see someones worst nightmare happening right in front of our eyes. The sadness and mourning process that the families endure when loosing a loved one should be enough evidence to prove we have a major problem here in the US. This type of violence has become an epidemic in the United States and by looking at the history of mass shootings its only going to get much worse. There have been many different arguments suggesting more gun control, mental health facilities, and more technology advances in security. These suggestions seem very practical and can definitely help the cause...
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