...was first used. A homosexual (2011), according to Merriam Webster Online, “of or having sexual desire for those of the same sex.” In order to understand the development of identity of homosexuals, it is first important to be mindful of the framework of sexuality in general. The term homosexuality is used to depict the comprehension of sexuality however; in today’s society; the preferred verbiage to define individuals is being gay or lesbian. Homosexuality and Life-span Development Sullivan and Schneider (1987) argue that homosexual coming out in youth has to be seen from a non-derogatory developmental perspective. In an attempt to react to the unique pressures found in adolescents showing an increasing gay or lesbian identity, psychologists and counselors must become familiar with the distinctive development of gay and lesbian adolescents, in addition to the sexual identity development literature in general. Reviewing the developmental issues of gay and lesbian adolescents creates thoughts concerning developing services to assist them. Often times, adults are hesitant to pay attention to adolescent communications concerning sexuality. These feelings begin to arise during what Erik Erikson has defined as stage 5: Ego Development Outcome: Identity vs. Role Confusion and more often than not, when adolescents refer to themselves as gay or lesbian, it is written off as experimentation, an adjustment reaction, or simply a phase (Niolon, 2011). While homosexual experimentation is...
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...Erik Erikson Author’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: Course Details: Date of Submission: Erik Erikson Introduction Erik Erikson was a rare psychologist who created an eight-step model outlining the different steps in development psychology in the growth of an ordinary human being from birth to old age. His specific insights concerning human mental processes would affect the way people reacted to children and foment a deep interest in studies in human psychology. Though other psychologists have improved on Erikson’s initial findings, original findings retain a lot of significance. There is need to research and study Erikson’s work with particular interest in his explanation of the ‘adolescent stage’ Erikson’s Contribution Freud’s views about the nature and construction of the human personality significantly influenced Erik Erikson’s understanding of humanity. There was a considerable difference between the two men: whereas Erikson was an ego psychologist, Freud was an ID psychologist. Erikson stressed on the functions of society and culture and the divergences that can occur within the ego itself while Freud highlighted the conflict between the superego and ID. At all psychosexual phases, Erikson observed that the person grows in three levels concurrently: social, biological, and psychological, which represent the person, his or her connection to society, and individualism. His work was a lifetime representation of human development...
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...the maturity of adulthood. There is no single event or boundary line that denotes the end of childhood or the beginning of adolescence. Rather, experts think of the passage from childhood into and through adolescence as composed of a set of transitions that unfold gradually and that touch upon many aspects of the individual's behavior, development, and relationships. These transitions are biological, cognitive, social, and emotional (Laurence Steinberg, 2016). While there is much research to be done as to what creates the best environment for young adolescents, understanding their transition from childhood to adulthood may help adults know how to better support them. Children will find their bodies and minds beginning to change. For the young adolescent, these changes either come about too swiftly or too slowly, causing them to become painfully self-conscious about their appearance. Developmental transitions are an important juncture in people’s lives. For adolescents, two important transitions are from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to adulthood. Let’s explore these transitions (Santrock, 2016, p. 418). Childhood to Adolescence Adolescence is a confusing, confronting and exciting time of great change in a child's life. Adolescence (the phase of life from age 12 to 18) tends to be a fairly bumpy ride for us, as parents, and for our children as well. But, it doesn’t have to be hard work. If we understand the changes that our children are...
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...Gender Identity and Sexuality has on Adolescents Holly Kidd Liberty University Abstract The purpose of this paper is to not only to identify how and why gender identity and sexuality has such a huge impact on many of the lives of adolescents but also how they tend to deal with each. The period of adolescence tends to be a difficult time for many teenagers because of all the physical and even some emotional changes they experience through the adolescence period and unfortunately some tend to keep experiences and are even affected long after the adolescence period. In order, to identify how and why gender identity and sexuality but also note all the possible affects each one has on adolescents and how to deal with each situation. Finally, offer suggestions (such as identify ways to love one's self to showing one how to express themselves in a positive ways but also by offering counseling sessions to continue to learn how to understand themselves) for better solutions, which would benefit the lives of adolescents for many years to come. In the typical life of an adolescent it supposed to be the best years of that adolescent's life. But unfortunately that is not the case for many adolescents because many of them become victims of different types of bullying, which includes the impacts of Gender Identity and Sexuality. The word adolescent means becoming an adult (Isaacs, 2013 p.881), in which, all adolescents look forward too. However, some adolescents wish they...
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...Module code: HRPYC81 Research report for Project: 4805 Assignment number: 27 Title of Study: The Determinants Of Moral Development In Curbing Adolescents’ Moral Decay. Surname: Zondo Initials: G. L. Student number: 43097855 Examination period: October/November 2015 1 The Determinants Of Moral Development In Curbing Adolescents’ Moral Decay. Abstract The study explored the determinants of moral development in curbing adolescents’ moral decay. These determinants included identity development, gender, parental (mother) relationship with adolescent, and ethical and moral values. A mixed-model method (both quantitative and qualitative) was used to conduct the study. Participants were sampled through convenience sampling. The sample of a total of 1387 from the pooled data was used for the quantitative part of the research. While for the qualitative study a sample of 20 adolescents (10 boys and 10 girls) who were high-school students (in grade 10 and 11) from 12 to 18 years of age from Gebeni High School in Swaziland was used. The researcher aimed to investigate the extent of determinants of moral development in curbing adolescents’ moral decay and to make recommendations on the development of socialization structures to curb adolescents’ moral decay. Findings revealed that the determinants played a major role in adolescents’ moral development. However, further research is needed to be conducted with a lager sample for the qualitative study. 2 From a scholarly point of view...
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...Adolescent Stages of Development Adolescence is probably the most difficult period in life of every individual since it is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood. In this period adolescents undergo significant changes in physiological, psychological and social aspects. Naturally, these changes produce a significant impact on their lifestyle, behaviour, psychology, etc. Traditionally, adolescence is considered to start at preteens, mostly from around 9-10 years of age till 19-20 years of age. Basically, adolescence may be divided into three main stages middle childhood (8-11), early adolescence (11-14), and middle adolescence (15-18) while the last years of adolescence may be characterised as the last years when individuals completely grew into adults. Adolescence is a time of great change for a child. It is a time where they begin to explore who they are as individuals and develop their own identities as they get closer into adulthood. Erik Erikson theorized that in adolescence “the main task is developing an identity” and that a healthy identity is developed when they try on alternate identities and reflect on these experiences (Pressley &ump; McCormick, 2007, p.147). Michael Nakkula says “identity is not the culmination of a key event or series of events, although key events can play an important role in the larger process. It is rather, the lived experience of an ongoing process-the process of integrating successes, failures, routines, habits, rituals,...
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...similarities and differences in the way identity is conceptualised by the psychosocial theory of identity and social identity theory. I will start this essay by explaining both theories, Psychosocial theory and Social Identity Theory mentioning what is understood by identity and answering my essay question describing their similarities and differences. Identity is a major area of study for Psychology. Over the decades many psychologists in the field tried to explain what identity was, and are still to explain how it is formed. Identity is what defines us as human beings, what we do on our day-to-day life, and our interactions within society. Psychosocial Theory Erickson viewed identity as a psychosocial process. A psychological assessment of ‘me’ and a social assessment of ‘me’. For Erikson, society where children and adolescents grow up would have an impact to their identity, therefore his theory was from point of view that identity was a psychosocial process. Erickson argued that we created our identity from a balanced, constant and reliable sense of who we are and what we are to our society, our group community (as cited in Phoenix, 2007, p.53). He developed the sense core identity where an individual would base all his identity building up from our past towards the future. Erikson believed an individual would take their identity for granted if life was good but to the minimal problem this identity would be questioned (e.g. illness or...
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...The sound of music! Blouse, skirt and a much more conservative hairstyle. According to J.Campbell (personal communication, June 20th 2013.) I would not only change my style of dress my attitude would adjust in relation to whatever dress sense I choose. For example I would ouite often have an attitude of ignorance and staunchness to match my 'gangsta' look, whereas I tended to be a whole new person when dressed like Julie Andrews, behaving alit more conservative and polite. I simply asked my self regularly, " who am I?", "where do i fit in?" And "where will I end up?". This personal observation relates to Erik Eriksons concept of Identity crisis, in adolescence. A concept that relates to Erik Eriksons, fifth stage of psychosocial development. The stage of psychosocial development in which identity crisis may occur is called, Identity versus Role Confusion. This life stage takes place between the ages of eleven and eighteen. During adolescence, we are faced...
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...PEER INFLUENCE IN RELATION TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND SOCIALIZATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW by Nicole Marie Howard A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree With a Major in School Psychology Approved Two Semester Credits _____________________________ Investigation Advisor The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout May, 2004 ii The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT _________Howard__________Nicole_______M._________________________ (Writer) (Last Name) (First) (Initial) Peer Influence In Relation To Academic Performance and Socialization Among__ (Title) Adolescents: A Literature Review______________________________________ School Psychology (Graduate Major) Dr. Helen Swanson (Research Advisor) May/2004_____ 30__________ (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition___ (Name of Style Manual Used in This Study) Adolescents have always been exposed to peer influence, but the kinds of peer influence that they encounter have changed tremendously in the past years. Peers can influence everything from what an adolescent chooses to wear to whether or not an adolescent engages in drug related or other delinquent behavior. This is an important topic because if society and education related professionals understand the issues surrounding negative peer influence, they are more likely...
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...Adolescent Stages of Development Adolescence is probably the most difficult period in life of every individual since it is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood. In this period adolescents undergo significant changes in physiological, psychological and social aspects. Naturally, these changes produce a significant impact on their lifestyle, behaviour, psychology, etc. Traditionally, adolescence is considered to start at preteens, mostly from around 9-10 years of age till 19-20 years of age. Basically, adolescence may be divided into three main stages middle childhood (8-11), early adolescence (11-14), and middle adolescence (15-18) while the last years of adolescence may be characterised as the last years when individuals completely grew into adults. Adolescence is a time of great change for a child. It is a time where they begin to explore who they are as individuals and develop their own identities as they get closer into adulthood. Erik Erikson theorized that in adolescence “the main task is developing an identity” and that a healthy identity is developed when they try on alternate identities and reflect on these experiences (Pressley &ump; McCormick, 2007, p.147). Michael Nakkula says “identity is not the culmination of a key event or series of events, although key events can play an important role in the larger process. It is rather, the lived experience of an ongoing process-the process of integrating successes, failures, routines, habits, rituals,...
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...middle childhood and adolescence can influence them to have risky sexual behaviors. Due to the need for acceptance during adolescents, children are more likely to act upon certain risky behaviors they wouldn't otherwise act upon. The media is the biggest influence in adolescents that promotes sexual behavior. Sexual explicit behavior affects an adolescent by initiating early sexual tensions and leading to drastic consequences they aren't ready to accept. The Need for Acceptance Adolescence is a time when children are trying to understand their identity in their society. As most of their time is spent in school, children feel like they need a sense of acceptance and belonging in a particular peer group. The need for this recognition leads them to make certain choices; they feel like they need change their attire, how they talk, and how they behave so they can be accepted into a group. Certain groups have higher expectations and joining them increases social statuses, adolescents get too...
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...g Impact of Social Networking on Children, Adolescents, and Families Impact of Social Networking on Children, Adolescents, and Families Social networking has become very popular over the years. Social networks are not hard to find. Many social networks like Facebook, Twitter, Tumbler, and YouTube are already preloaded on many devices. Social networking plays an important part in many people lives. 93% of young people in an America between the ages of twelve and seventeen are using the Internet(AndersonButcheretal., 2010). Ninety three percent of college student report having a Facebook account (Sheldon, 2008) and these numbers are only increasing. Social networking sites allow you to find and connect with just about anyone, from a coworker at your job to your childhood friend that you have known for thirty years. Social networks also enhance learning opportunities to students who want to explore deeper into a subject or for students that are having difficulties in school. But like every other good thing social networking has its ups but as well as it downs. Social networking can have many negative affect on children adolescents, and adults. For instance cyber bullying and privacy concern are a couple of issues people have today with social networking. One of social networking main use is for socialization and communication. Social networking is very convenient for children and adults with busy lives and schedules. Social networks like Facebook and Twitter make talking...
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...of chronic medical conditions on adolescents has a great significance on the psychological development however the efforts of heath care professionals can promote a healthy psychological development. OUTLINE OF ESSAY :The first part of this essay will be demonstrating the theories and psychological concepts that relate Discuss the impact of chronic medical conditions on adolescents (12-18yo) and identify ways of promoting resilience or positive development (1300 min-1500 max words to the influence of chronic illness upon the adolescent. Following this the exploration of the positive attributes the health practitioner has on the psychological development. FIRST PART: THE INFLUENCE OF ILLNESS ON THE WELLBEING OF THE ADOLESCENT CAN BE EXPLORED THROUGH THEORIES TOPIC SENTENCE: > It is first important to consider that the influence of the chronic illness on the adolescence depends on the severity of the illness. For this essay the chronic illness considered will be of mild-high severity. The onset of the chronic illness will also be considered, this essay will be identifying with early onset. > PIAGETS FORMAL OPERATIONS - Ability to move from "what is" to "might be" and "could be" Piaget identified through the theory of formal operations (cognitive theory) that the adolescent become equip with the ability to think beyond the "Concrete Operational Stage" of development. Within this stage of "Formal Operations" the adolescent can identify the severity of their...
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...Have you ever been infatuated by a social media account? or even caught yourself staring at your phone screen forgetting that you’ve been on twitter for excessive time? Based on the article, The Psychology of Begging to Be Followed on Twitter, written by Kayleigh Roberts, shows the factual information about teens and tweens being glued to their phones and social media. Roberts states facts about our adolescents being stuck on their phones in awe of the glamour that social media has. One can see this article as effective due to how it creates positive reinforcements to many individuals, the Internet providing the means for adolescents to engage in subcommunities and fan bases giving people new identities. In her article, Roberts exhibits her ethos by stating a quote from Dr. Marion Underwood, clinical psychologist, daughter's friend, “Twitter is the best and Twitter is the worst.”, she uses this quote to display the emotions that adolescents have towards social media. Underwood then adds that her daughters friend said, “I can’t get off of it,” the girl elaborated. “I can’t stop getting on Twitter.”,...
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...Deanna Hancock November 24, 2014 Literature Review: This article is discussing the role of gender identity in an adolescent's growing of age. This is an important part of their lives. Gender identity started coming around in the 1970's where there were more homosexuals and more health concerns related with their population. This gave the community a larger conflict to study and having to learn to cope with the growing numbers of homosexuals in the area. Most people believe that the result of their homosexuality came about from their childhood experiences. Studies show that it is more common for a child who was abused at home is more likely to become a homosexual than not, this is the behavior that results in health concerns such as HIV/AIDS. Studies have also shown that sexual desire can occur with the developments of puberty. This can make for problems with a growing adolescent making them more depressed and more outcast from the crowd due to their homosexuality. Trends show them becoming more stressed due to the identity confusing they are going through. When they decide to 'come out' and tell their peers and families about their homosexuality, it can typically not become a good result. It can make for verbal or physical abuse, loss of social relationships, and feelings of rejection. Parents play an important role in their child's coming out because they need to be the one's that are going to support them. The parent will be their guard when they are going through this...
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